August 1953 Explained

The following events occurred in August 1953:

August 1, 1953 (Saturday)

• The 1953–54 DFB-Pokal football tournament opened in West Germany.^[1]
• Indian Airlines, based in Delhi, began operations, having been set up under the Air Corporations Act, 1953, by a merger of several domestic airlines.^[2]

August 2, 1953 (Sunday)

• Born: Anthony Seldon, English historian and biographer, in Stepney^[3]

August 3, 1953 (Monday)

• Born: Marlene Dumas, South African painter, in Cape Town^[4]

August 4, 1953 (Tuesday)

• Born: Hiroyuki Usui, Japanese footballer and manager

August 5, 1953 (Wednesday)

• Operation Big Switch began: The United Nations Command (UNC) repatriated over 75,823 prisoners of war (70,183 North Koreans and 5,640 Chinese), whilst the PVA/KPA repatriated 12,773 UNC POWs.^{[5] [6]}
• The US Navy vessel Staten Island, in the southern Davis Strait, near Baffin Island, launched the first of six 1953 NRL flights, three of which reached altitude and returned data.
• Fred Zinnemann's war film From Here to Eternity, starring Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, Deborah Kerr, Frank Sinatra, and Donna Reed, premièred despite the disapproval of both the US Army and the US Navy.^[7]
• Born: András Ligeti, Hungarian violinist and conductor, in Pécs (died 2021)^[8]

August 6, 1953 (Thursday)

• Died: Houseley Stevenson, 74, British-born American actor^[9]

August 7, 1953 (Friday)

• The 1953 Irish Greyhound Derby was won by Spanish Battleship, trained by Tom Lynch and owned by Tim 'Chubb' O'Connor.^[10]

August 8, 1953 (Saturday)

• In an address to the Supreme Soviet, Soviet prime minister Georgy Malenkov claimed that the Soviet Union had developed a hydrogen bomb.^[11]
• 37 people were injured when a northbound Royal Scot train was derailed near Abington, Scotland, UK, on its way down from Beattock Summit; the track had buckled as a result of unusually high temperatures.^[12]
• In the Western Australian National Football League, Bernie Naylor kicked a WANFL record 23 goals against,^[13] including twelve in one quarter.^[14]
• Born: Nigel Mansell, English racing driver, in Upton-upon-Severn^[15]

August 9, 1953 (Sunday)

• The British ferry St Columba ran aground in Ettrick Bay, Kyles of Bute, Buteshire, but was refloated later in the day.^[16]

August 10, 1953 (Monday)

• The Canadian federal election resulted in victory for the Liberal Party of Canada and prime minister Louis St. Laurent.^[17]
• Pete Schoening saved the lives of several members of the American K2 expedition, one of the most famous events in mountaineering history.^[18]
• The 1953 Pan Arab Games concluded in Alexandria, Egypt. The home country finished top of the medal table.^[19]

August 11, 1953 (Tuesday)

• Hurricane Barbara formed in the southern Bahamas.^[20]
• A US-registered scow, the 28-ton Sacco No. 3, was stranded 2.5nmi southeast of Ocean Cape in the Territory of Alaska and lost.^[21]
• Born: Hulk Hogan, American professional wrestler and actor, in Augusta, Georgia

August 12, 1953 (Wednesday)

• 1953 Ceylonese Hartal

A country-wide demonstration of civil disobedience and strikes, in protest against government policy, was organised by the Lanka Sama Samaja Party in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). It was the first such protest in the country since independence.^[22]

• A magnitude 7.2 earthquake devastated most of the Ionian Sea islands in Greece's worst natural disaster in centuries.^[23]
• Soviet atomic bomb project: "Joe 4"  - The first Soviet thermonuclear weapon was detonated at Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakh SSR.

August 13, 1953 (Thursday)

• Four million workers went on strike in France to protest against austerity measures.

August 14, 1953 (Friday)

• Born: James Horner, American film composer, in Los Angeles (died 2015, plane crash)^[24]

August 15, 1953 (Saturday)

• According to a Japanese government official confirmed report, a heavy torrential massive rain, followed by dam burst, levee collapse and landslides affected Wazuka, Minamiyamashiro, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan; a total of 430 persons were killed.^[25]
• Ten people died in the Irk Valley Junction rail crash at Collyhurst near Manchester, UK.^[26]
• The 1953 Summer Deaflympics opened in Brussels, Belgium, lasting for four days.^[27]

August 16, 1953 (Sunday)

• Following a referendum, Mohammad Mosaddegh officially announced the dissolution of Iran's parliament.^[28]

August 17, 1953 (Monday)

• The first planning session of Narcotics Anonymous was held in Southern California, United States (see October 5).
• A gas screw vessel, the Dickie Ray, was stranded off Carmanah Lighthouse, Vancouver Island, BC, Canada, and lost.^[21]
• Born: Herta Müller, German novelist, poet, essayist and Nobel laureate, in Nițchidorf, Romania^[29]

August 18, 1953 (Tuesday)

• The second of the controversial Kinsey Reports, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, was published in the US.^[30]

August 19, 1953 (Wednesday)

• 1953 Iranian coup d'état: The United States Central Intelligence Agency and the UK were involved in overthrowing the government of Mohammad Mosaddegh in Iran, so as to retain power for Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.^[31]

August 20, 1953 (Thursday)

• King Mohammed V of Morocco was deposed by the French government and exiled to Corsica. He was replaced by a puppet monarch, his relation Mohammed Ben Aarafa.^[32]
• The United States returned to West Germany 382 ships it had captured during World War II.
• Seventeen U.S. Air Force F-84G Thunderjets made the longest-ever nonstop flight by jet fighters, travelling from the United States to the United Kingdom by means of aerial refueling.^[33]
• The United States Army test-fired the first Redstone missile at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Redstone, on which research and development had begun in 1950, was later used as a launch vehicle in the crewed suborbital flights and in other development flights in Project Mercury.^[34]

August 21, 1953 (Friday)

• The US minesweeper was launched in New Orleans, Louisiana.

August 22, 1953 (Saturday)

• Devil's Island, the penal colony in the Salvation Islands of French Guiana, was closed down, a year after its last use.^[35]

August 23, 1953 (Sunday)

• The 1953 Swiss Grand Prix was held at Bremgarten Circuit in Bern and was won by Italian driver Alberto Ascari.^[36]

August 24, 1953 (Monday)

• Born: Sam Torrance, Scottish golfer, in Largs

August 25, 1953 (Tuesday)

• The general strike ended in France.

August 26, 1953 (Wednesday)

• Born: David Hurley, Governor-General of Australia, in Wollongong^[37]
• Died: José Hipólito Raposo, 68, Portuguese politician, writer, lawyer and historian^[38]

August 27, 1953 (Thursday)

• Voting concluded in the 1953 Mauritian general election, resulting in victory for the Labour Party, which won 13 of the 19 seats on the Legislative Council.^[39]
• Roman Holiday, starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn, directed by William Wyler, received its première and made a star of Hepburn.
• Born: Peter Stormare, Swedish actor, in Kumla^[40]

August 28, 1953 (Friday)

• Nippon TV, Japan's first commercial television channel, was launched.^[41]
• In Williamsport, Pennsylvania, United States, the 1953 Little League World Series baseball championship for juniors was won by the team from Birmingham, Alabama.^[42]
• Ireland's Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine issued the Fisheries (Delegation of Ministerial Functions) Order 1953.^[43]

August 29, 1953 (Saturday)

• The Corangamite by-election for the Australian House of Representatives, brought about by the death of Liberal MP Allan McDonald, was a victory for Liberal candidate Dan Mackinnon.^[44]
• The Lang by-election for the Australian House of Representatives, brought about by the death of Labor MP Dan Mulcahy, was a victory for the Labor candidate Frank Stewart.^[44]

August 30, 1953 (Sunday)

• The 1000 km of Nürburgring motor race took place in West Germany. Alberto Ascari and his co-driver Giuseppe Farina were victorious.^[45]
• Died:
  • Gaetano Merola, Italian conductor (b. 1881)
  • Maurice Nicoll, British psychiatrist (b. 1884)

August 31, 1953 (Monday)

• Serge Blusson of France won the 1953 GP Ouest–France cycle race.^[46]
• The Soviet cargo ship MV Akademik Karpinsky foundered near Władysławowo, Poland, on a voyage between Kaliningrad and Amsterdam.^[47]

Notes and References

1. Web site: DFB-Pokal 1953-54 . fussballdaten.de . 20 September 2008 . 2008 . de. https://web.archive.org/web/20081002063248/http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/1954/. 2 October 2008 . live.
2. Book: Tribe, John . The Economics of Recreation, Leisure and Tourism. Taylor & Francis. 2006. 9781136358111. 29.
3. Web site: 'SELDON, Anthony Francis', Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press .
4. [Deborah Solomon]
5. Web site: Operations Big and Little Switch . korea.mil . https://web.archive.org/web/20070716092754/http://korea50.army.mil/history/factsheets/opswitch.shtml . 16 July 2007.
6. http://www.koreacoldwar.org/history/bigswitch.html Operation big switch @ koreacoldwar.com
7. Book: Smyth, J.E. . Fred Zinnemann and the Cinema of Resistance . . . 2014 . 978-1-61703-964-5 . 148.
8. Web site: hu . BMC – Magyar Zenei Információs Központ . BMC – Hungarian Music Information Center . 21 September 2021.
9. Book: Truitt, Evelyn Mack . Who was who on screen. R.R. Bowker . 1983. 9780835215787. 682.
10. Book: Comyn, John. 50 Years of Greyhound Racing in Ireland. Aherlow Publishers Ltd.
11. The secret of the Soviet hydrogen bomb . . 70 . 4 . 40 . Alex . Wellerstein . Edward . Geist . 2017 .
12. Web site: Accident at Abington on 8th August 1953 . Railways Archive . 2014-07-22.
13. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59677789 Naylor gets his second "Fiver"
14. https://web.archive.org/web/20040121162316/http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~falcons/history/memorylane.html A Trip Down Memory Lane
15. Book: Mansell, Nigel . Nigel Mansell . Nigel Mansell's Autobiography . . 1996 . 9780002187039 . 71.
16. 300 Passengers Taken From Grounded Ship . 10 August 1953 . 3 . 52696 . C .
17. Book: Feigert, Frank B. . Canada Votes, 1935-1988 . . 1989 . 14.
18. News: Pete Schoening: Legendary American mountaineer renowned for saving the lives of five companions on the slopes of K2 . Guardian UK . 2004-10-03 . Douglas . Ed.
19. Luis . Silva . Hans-Dieter . Gerber . The Arab Games: Establishment and Role (1953–1965) . Journal of Olympic History . 19 . 3 . . December 2011 . 24 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180619070413/http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv19n3/JOHv19n3e.pdf . 19 June 2018 . dead.
20. Web site: Grady . Norton . Hurricanes of 1953 . Weather Bureau . 1953 . January 11, 2010 .
21. Web site: Shipwreck table. 340. BOEM.
22. Book: Goonewardene, Leslie. A short history of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party. 1960. Gunaratne & Co.. Colombo. 12717638. 42–48.
23. Web site: Significant earthquake . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Centers for Environmental Information . The significant earthquake database . November 10, 2018.
24. News: Roberts. Sam. James Horner, Film Composer, Dies at 61; His Score for 'Titanic' Was a Hit, Too. The New York Times. June 23, 2015. July 4, 2015.
25. [:ja:南山城水害]
26. Web site: Report on the Collision... at Irk Valley Junction.... Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation. 30 October 2022.
27. Web site: Games Deaflympics. www.deaflympics.com. en. 2017-08-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20130704092413/http://www.deaflympics.com/games.asp?1953-s. dead. July 4, 2013.
28. Book: Bayandor, Darioush. 2010. Internet Archive. Iran and the CIA: The Fall of Mosaddeq Revisited. limited. Palgrave Macmillan. 215. 978-0-230-57927-9.
29. Book: Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities and Cultural Differences . Geoffrey J. . Giles . Geoffrey J. Giles . Keith . Bullivant . Walter . Pape . . 1999 . 9789042006881 . 364.
30. [Alfred Kinsey|Kinsey, A.]
31. Clandestine Service history: overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran, November 1952-August 1953 . Donald Newton . Wilber . . 48164863 . March 1954 . iii . https://web.archive.org/web/20090702032442/http://web.payk.net/politics/cia-docs/published/one-main/main.html . 2 July 2009 . dead . 6 June 2009.
32. Web site: Yabiladi . Histoire : Le Noël sanglant du marché central de Casablanca . 5 July 2020 . fr.
33. Book: Knaack, Marcelle Size . Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems . 1 Post-World War II Fighters 1945–1973 . 1978 . . Office of Air Force History . 0-912799-59-5 . 35.
34. Book: Grimwood, James M. . Project Mercury - A Chronology . Part 1 (A) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury March 1944 through December 1957 . NASA Special Publication-4001 . https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/p1a.htm . . 29 January 2023.
35. Toth, Stephen (2006) Beyond Papillon: The French Overseas Penal Colonies, 1854–1952, University of Nebraska Press
36. Web site: 1953 Swiss Grand Prix . formula1.com . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150118201455/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1953/696/ . 18 January 2015.
37. Web site: The Governor-General's biography. Office of the Governor-General. 1 July 2019.
38. [Philip Rees]
39. Book: Selvon, Sydney . A New Comprehensive History of Mauritius . 1 . 127.
40. News: Grattis, Peter Stormare – fyller 65 år. . Aftonbladet. August 27, 2018. August 30, 2019.
41. Book: Nippon Television Network Corporation. 大衆とともに25年. Dō Hōsōmō. 1978. ja. 25 Years With The Public. 12164852. 35.
42. News: Alabama Wins Little League World Series . . . . 11 . August 29, 1953 . August 25, 2018 . newspapers.com.
43. Fisheries (Delegation of Ministerial Functions) Order 1953. 1953. si. 281. 28 August 1953.
44. Web site: By-Elections 1951-1954 . Psephos. https://web.archive.org/web/20110316054150/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1951/1951repsby.txt . dead . 16 March 2011.
45. Web site: Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953 - Entry List . Racing Sports Cars . 30 August 1953 . 24 June 2014.
46. Web site: Bretagne Classic Ouest-France (World Tour) . BikeRaceInfo . 16 February 2018.
47. Book: Mitchell . W.H. . Sawyer . L.A. . 1995 . The Empire Ships . not cited . Lloyd's of London Press Ltd . London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong . 1-85044-275-4.