August 1930 Explained
The following events occurred in August 1930:
Friday, August 1, 1930
- The British airship R100 completed an east–west crossing of the Atlantic Ocean when it was secured at St. Hubert Airport in Montreal, 78 hours and 51 minutes after its departure from Cardington, UK – a new speed record.[1]
- Born: Pierre Bourdieu, sociologist, in Denguin, France (d. 2002);[2]
- Died: Jack Zuta, 42, Chicago underworld figure (shot)[3]
Saturday, August 2, 1930
- Italy authorized Vatican City to issue currency of up to 1 million lire per year.[4]
Sunday, August 3, 1930
- Italy and the Soviet Union signed a commercial treaty.[5]
Monday, August 4, 1930
Tuesday, August 5, 1930
Wednesday, August 6, 1930
- New York City Judge Joseph Crater disappeared in Manhattan and became the subject of one of the biggest missing persons cases in American history. Under investigation for corruption, Judge Crater was last seen in public exiting a restaurant, Billy Haas's Chophouse, at 332 West 45th Street in New York City after having gone through his office files and cashing two checks for $5,150 (equivalent to $80,000 in 2021).[9]
- Unemployment in Britain topped 2 million.[10]
- Britain signed a commerce treaty with Romania.
- Born: Abbey Lincoln, singer, in Chicago (d. 2010)[11]
Thursday, August 7, 1930
Two African-American men accused of rape and murder, Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, were taken from a jail in Marion, Indiana, beaten by a mob and lynched. An iconic photograph was taken of the mob milling about below the two hanged men.[13]
Friday, August 8, 1930
Saturday, August 9, 1930
- The cartoon character Betty Boop made her first appearance in the Fleischer Studios short film Dizzy Dishes.[16]
- The Polish Army Stadium opened in Warsaw.
- King Carol II of Romania announced that his upcoming coronation would take place without his estranged wife Helen. Carol had suggested a compromise in which Helen could be crowned queen without a reconciliation, but Prime Minister Iuliu Maniu maintained that such a solution would not be acceptable to foreign royal guests.[17]
- Cricketer Jack Hobbs scored his 54,921st run, beating W. G. Grace's record aggregate of 54,896.
- Born: Jacques Parizeau, Canadian politician, leader of the sovereignty advocacy Parti Québécois, and Premier of Quebec province, 1994 to 1996; in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (d. 2015)[18]
Sunday, August 10, 1930
- A Scandinvian anti-fascist conference was held in Stockholm. 154 delegates, mainly communist and youth organizations, formed a committee to coordinate efforts to fight the spread of right-wing movements in northern Europe.[19]
- The Hankow garrison commander in China beheaded 16 communists in the street to discourage any further unrest.[20]
- Born: Jorma Panula, Finnish conductor and composer, in Kauhajoki[21]
Monday, August 11, 1930
- Germany marked Republic Day, the eleventh anniversary of the creation of the Weimar Republic. During celebrations at the Reichstag, Interior Minister Joseph Wirth made a nationally broadcast radio address saying that republican Germany "may boast of being the freest country in the world."[22]
Tuesday, August 12, 1930
Wednesday, August 13, 1930
- Frank Hawks set a new transcontinental west-to-east record of 12 hours, 25 minutes and 3 seconds, beating Charles Lindbergh's record set in April by over 3 hours.[25]
- A meteoric air burst over Brazil's Curuçá River valley was witnessed by thousands of people.
- Born:
Thursday, August 14, 1930
- President Hoover met at the White House with the Governors of 13 U.S. states to discuss a relief program for Americans affected by a serious drought.[26]
- The Church of England approved birth control, and made the announcement in an Encyclical Letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Letter called for strict control over the sale and advertising of contraceptives, however.
- Died: Florian Cajori, 71, Swiss-American historian[27]
Friday, August 15, 1930
- Canada announced it was halting immigration from continental Europe with the exception of "experienced farmers of a suitable type" due to the country's unemployment problem.[28]
- The British ocean liner RMS Tahiti lost its starboard propeller and sprang a leak about 400 miles southwest of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. The crippled ship began to slowly sink as it drifted in the Pacific Ocean while rescue efforts began.[29]
- Born: Selma James, feminist writer, in Brooklyn
Saturday, August 16, 1930
Sunday, August 17, 1930
- The Matson liner Ventura reached the disabled Tahiti and took aboard all 175 of its passengers.
- Born: Ted Hughes, poet and children's writer, in Mytholmroyd, England (d. 1998)[33]
Monday, August 18, 1930
- The remaining 142 officers and crew of the British ocean liner Tahiti were rescued, three days after the ship sent its distress call, and only after all the passengers had been saved first. The vessel sank soon after the last crewmember had been safely evacuated.[34]
- The Noël Coward play Private Lives opened at the King's Theatre, Edinburgh.[35]
- Born: Rafael Pineda Ponce, Honduran politician and presiding officer of the National Congress from 1998 to 2002; in San Miguelito, Intibucá (d. 2014)[36]
- Died: Van Lear Black, 54, American publisher and civil aviation pioneer, was lost at sea. Black fell overboard and into the Atlantic Ocean after losing his balance while sitting on the rail of his yacht, the Sabalo, off the coast of New Jersey[37]
Tuesday, August 19, 1930
Wednesday, August 20, 1930
- Former U.S. Ambassador to Germany James W. Gerard named 59 people as the "men who rule the United States." Instead of elected officials, the list was made up of industrialists, media moguls, bankers and motion picture executives. John D. Rockefeller Jr., Henry Ford, William Randolph Hearst, George Fisher Baker, Harry Warner and Adolph Zukor were among those named. "They themselves are too busy to hold political office, but they determine who shall hold such office", Gerard explained.[40]
- Died: Douglas King, 53, British naval commander and politician, drowned with five others after his yacht, the Islander, sank in rough weather off the coast of Cornwall.[41]
Thursday, August 21, 1930
Friday, August 22, 1930
- Copenhagen newspapers reported the discovery in the Arctic of the remains of explorer Salomon August Andrée, along with two partners, Knut Frænkel and photographer Nils Strindberg, almost 33 years after they had last been seen alive. The three had disappeared in 1897, after embarking on an attempt to reach the North Pole in a balloon. Strindberg's undeveloped photograph of the crashed balloon, Ornen, was found and would be printed.[45]
- The Bengal legislative council passed a bill giving authorities the right to imprison terrorists for five years without trial.[46]
- Australia won the Ashes series (the best 3 of 5 Test Cricket series between the teams of England and Australia), taking the fifth Test by an innings and 39 runs, or 695 runs to 405.
- Albert Einstein made the opening speech of the Seventh German Radio Show in Berlin. It began with the famous words, "Ladies and gentlemen who are present and who are not! When you hear the radio, think also about how people have come to possess such a wonderful tool of communication."[47]
- Born: Gylmar dos Santos Neves (known popularly as "Gilmar"), Brazilian national team goalkeeper in three World Cups; in Santos, São Paulo (d. 2013)[48]
Saturday, August 23, 1930
- Three were killed and ten injured in Bolesławiec, Silesia, when police clashed with communists who tried to forcibly enter a pre-election meeting of Nazis.[49]
Sunday, August 24, 1930
- The Sunday Express, a weekly publication looking for a fresh angle to write on the birth of Princess Margaret three days earlier, published an astrology-themed article titled "What the Stars Foretell For The New Princess". The article drew so much interest that the Express made horoscopes a regular column and the newspaper horoscope was born.[50]
- Born: Vera Miles, American actress, in Boise City, Oklahoma
- Died: Tom Norman, 70, English business and showman
Monday, August 25, 1930
Tuesday, August 26, 1930
- Died: Lon Chaney, 47, American silent film actor known as "The Man of a Thousand Faces" for his ability to use makeup to transform himself into various characters on film, died of a throat hemorrhage following a long bout with lung cancer.[56]
Wednesday, August 27, 1930
Thursday, August 28, 1930
- The Marx Brothers comedy film Animal Crackers premiered at the Rialto Theatre in New York City.[58]
- A heat wave in London began, causing the deaths of 24 people on its first day.[59]
- Born:
- in Vidova (d. 2020)
Friday, August 29, 1930
Saturday, August 30, 1930
- The Federal Trade Commission building in Washington was heavily damaged by fire, destroying many documents.[63]
- A semi-official government newspaper in Yugoslavia announced new rights for German-speaking minorities. Parents would have the right to decide whether to send their children to German or Yugoslavian schools, and the Serbo-Croatian language would not be taught before third year in the German schools.[64]
- The comedy film Doughboys, starring Buster Keaton, was released.[65]
- Born: Warren Buffett, American billionaire, business magnate, investor and philanthropist; in Omaha, Nebraska
Sunday, August 31, 1930
- The sunken cargo ship SS Egypt was positively identified by Italian divers. The ship sank in the English Channel in May 1922 with $5 million U.S. worth of gold and silver in its hull and efforts to locate it had been ongoing for the past six months.[66]
- Died: Vladan Đorđević, 85, Serbian physician and writer, Prime Minister of Serbia from 1897 to 1900
Notes and References
- News: August 1, 1930 . Gale-Torn Dirigible Safe at Goal After 79-Hour Record Trip . . 1 .
- News: Douglas Johnson . Obituary: Pierre Bourdieu | Books . The Guardian . 2002-01-28. 2014-04-20.
- Book: Parr . Amanda Jayne . The True and Complete Story of 'machine Gun' Jack McGurn . 2005 . Troubador Publishing Ltd . 9781905237135 . en. 251.
- Book: Mercer, Derrik . 1989 . Chronicle of the 20th Century . London . Chronicle Communications Ltd. . 396 . 978-0-582-03919-3 .
- News: August 4, 1930 . Russians Sign Trade Pact Favoring Italian Purchases . Chicago Daily Tribune. 18 .
- "Nation's First Supermarket Attempts to Stay Competitive", by Florence Fabricant The New York Times, September 28, 1997
- Book: Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Herbert Hoover, 1930 . June 1999 . United States Government Printing Office . 316 . 978-0-16-058839-6.
- Book: Hansen, James R. . James R. Hansen . First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong . First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong . . April 2018 . 14 . 978-1-5011-5306-8.
- Web site: Joseph Force Crater becomes the missingest man in New York . . . April 18, 2015 .
- News: August 7, 1930 . Over 2,000,000 Without Work in Great Britain . Chicago Daily Tribune. 2 .
- Web site: Abbey Lincoln obituary. The Guardian. October 13, 2015. John. Fordham.
- Book: The Commonwealth Yearbook . 1968 . H.M. Stationery Office . 92.
- Book: Apel, Dora . 2004 . Imagery of Lynching: Black Men, White Women, and the Mob . registration . . 20 . 978-0-8135-3459-6.
- Web site: Tageseinträge für 8. August 1930 . chroniknet . April 18, 2015 .
- Book: Mick Conefrey. Tim Jordan. Icemen. 1998. Boxtree. 978-0-7522-2447-3. 77.
- Book: Cabarga . Leslie. The Fleischer Story . Revised . 1988 . Da Capo Press . New York . 0-306-80313-5 . 17476938.
- News: August 11, 1930 . Carol Decided He'll Take Crown Without Helene . Chicago Daily Tribune. 7 .
- Book: James H. Marsh. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 1999. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 978-0-7710-2099-5. 1757.
- Web site: Tageseinträge für 10. August 1930 . chroniknet . April 18, 2015 .
- News: Powell . John . August 12, 1930 . China Executes 37 Communists, Jails 100 Others . Chicago Daily Tribune. 13 .
- Book: International Who's who in Music and Musicians' Directory: In the classical and light-classical fields. 2000. International Biographical Centre. 978-0-948875-53-3. 490.
- News: Schultz . Sigrid . Sigrid Schultz . August 12, 1930 . Germany Hails 'Republic Day' as Riots Dot Berlin . Chicago Daily Tribune. 13 .
- News: August 13, 1930 . Drought Crisis Causes Hoover to Give up Trip . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- News: August 13, 1930 . Unpaid Bill Charges Darken Honeymoon of Jack Pickford . . 3 .
- News: August 14, 1930 . Hawks Makes Coast to Coast Trip in 12 Hours . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- News: August 15, 1930 . Adopt Hoover Drought Relief Plan . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- Florian Cajori 1859-1930. Raymond Clare Archibald. Isis. 17. 2. January 1932. 384–407. 10.1086/346660. 144763935.
- News: August 16, 1930 . Canada Halts Immigration from Europe . Chicago Daily Tribune. 3 .
- News: August 18, 1930 . Liner Sakes 175 on Sinking Ship as Sea Pours In . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- Book: Sydney P. Todd. Champions All. 1966. A. J. Owen. 159.
- Web site: Tageseinträge für 16. August 1930 . chroniknet . April 18, 2015 .
- News: Shapiro . T. Rees . Robert Culp dead; actor conveyed charm and wit on TV's 'I Spy' . 11 January 2019 . . 25 March 2010.
- Book: Erica Wagner. Ariel's Gift: Ted Hughes, Sylvia Plath, and the Story of Birthday Letters. 17 April 2002. W. W. Norton & Company. 978-0-393-29267-1. 206.
- News: August 18, 1930 . Ventura Saves 317 on Steamer Lost in Pacific . . 3 .
- Book: Sheridan Morley. The Private Lives of Noël and Gertie: Two Classic Biographies in One Volume. 1999. Oberon. 978-1-84002-091-5. 404.
- Web site: Curriculum Vitae: Sr. Rafael Pineda Ponce . UNESCO Database (UNESDOC). 30 July 1985. 2018-01-21.
- Book: Danny K. Blevins. Van Lear. 2008. Arcadia Publishing. 978-0-7385-5294-1. 19.
- News: August 20, 1930 . Finish 28,000 Ton Arches on Sydney's Harbor Span . Chicago Daily Tribune. 8 .
- News: Grimes. William. Frank McCourt, Whose Irish Childhood Illuminated His Prose, Is Dead at 78. The New York Times. 2009-07-19. 2011-01-08.
- News: August 21, 1930 . Gerard Names 59 as Real Rulers of United States . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- Book: Jon Cooksey. Graham McKechnie. The Lost Olympian of the Somme: The Great War Diary of Frederick Kelly 1914-1916. 25 April 2015. Bonnier Publishing Ltd.. 978-1-910536-31-5. 28.
- News: August 22, 1930 . Viceroy of India Receives Gandhi Terms of Peace . Chicago Daily Tribune. 10 .
- Book: Elizabeth L. Ewan. Sue Innes. Sian Reynolds. Rose Pipes. Biographical Dictionary of ScottishWomen. 27 June 2007. Edinburgh University Press. 978-0-7486-2660-1. 331.
- Book: The Antiquaries Journal. 1931. Oxford University Press. 340.
- Web site: Tageseinträge für 22. August 1930 . chroniknet . April 18, 2015 .
- News: August 23, 1930 . British Abolish Right of Trial to Crush India Foes . Chicago Daily Tribune. 7 .
- Book: Neffe, Jürgen . 2007 . Einstein: A Biography . Farrar, Straus and Giroux . 280 . 978-1-4299-9738-6 .
- Book: Who's who in Brazil. 1971. 1298.
- Web site: Tageseinträge für 23. August 1930 . chroniknet . April 18, 2015 .
- Web site: Horoscopes: Tales of the expected . Membery . York . August 29, 2010 . . April 18, 2015 .
- News: August 26, 1930 . Peru President Flees as Army Snatches Rule . Chicago Daily Tribune. 5 .
- Web site: Chronology 1930 . 2002 . indiana.edu . April 18, 2015 .
- Book: Simmon, Scott . 1993 . The Films of D. W. Griffith . New York . Cambridge University Press . 170 . 978-0-521-38820-7 .
- Web site: The Screen; Mr. Griffith's First Talker . Hall . Mordaunt . August 26, 1930 . . April 18, 2015 .
- News: August 27, 1930 . Wilson's 44th Homer Breaks League Record . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- Book: Allan Hunter. Chambers Film and Television Handbook. 1991. Chambers. 978-0-550-17250-1. 56.
- News: August 28, 1930 . Foe of Peruvian Military Rule Dies in Gun Fight . Chicago Daily Tribune. 8 .
- Book: Reid, Howard . 2006 . More Movie Musicals . 8 . 978-1-4116-7342-7 .
- Web site: Tageseinträge für 28. August 1930 . chroniknet . April 18, 2015 .
- News: August 30, 1930 . Death Toll by Heat Reaches 50 in British Isles . Chicago Daily Tribune. 3 .
- Book: Steiner, John Michael . 1975 . Power Politics and Social Change in National Socialist Germany . The Hague . Moutin & Co. . 56 . 978-90-279-7651-2 .
- Book: ((Editors of Chase's)). Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. 30 September 2018. Rowman & Littlefield. 978-1-64143-264-1. 379.
- News: August 31, 1930 . Blaze Destroys Valuable Files of Government . Chicago Daily Tribune. 6 .
- News: August 31, 1930 . Jugo-Slavs Give School Rights to Minorities . Chicago Daily Tribune. 5 .
- Book: Knopf, Robert . 1999 . The Theater and Cinema of Buster Keaton . Princeton, New Jersey . Princeton University Press . 189 . 0-691-00441-2 .
- News: Scott . David . September 1, 1930 . $5,000,000 Gold Ship Found . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .