Aube Explained

Aube
Native Name Lang:fr
Type:Department of France
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:France
Subdivision Type1:Region
Subdivision Name1:Grand Est
Seat Type:Prefecture
Seat:Troyes
Parts Type:Subprefectures
Parts Style:para
P1:Bar-sur-Aube
Nogent-sur-Seine
Leader Party:DVD
Leader Title:President of the Departmental Council
Leader Name:Philippe Pichery[1]
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:6004
Population Rank:74th
Population Density Km2:auto
Blank Name Sec1:Department number
Blank Info Sec1:10
Blank Name Sec2:Arrondissements
Blank Info Sec2:3
Blank1 Name Sec2:Cantons
Blank1 Info Sec2:17
Blank2 Name Sec2:Communes
Blank2 Info Sec2:431
Timezone1:CET
Utc Offset1:+1
Timezone1 Dst:CEST
Utc Offset1 Dst:+2
Iso Code:FR-10
Footnotes: French Land Register data, which excludes estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Aube (in French pronounced as /ob/) is a French department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019),[2] Aube is the 74th department in terms of population. The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.[3]

The department was constituted as it is today by a decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790.

Geography

Location

The Aube department is located in the south-west side of the Grand Est region. It borders the departments of Marne in the north (about 130 km long), Haute-Marne to the east (about 100 km long), Côte-d'Or in the south-east (about 45 km long), Yonne in the south-west (about 175 km long), and Seine-et-Marne in the west (about 45 km long).[4]

Subregions of Aube

Within the department regions of natural or traditional countryside can be identified as follows:

Communes of Aube

See main article: Communes of the Aube department.

Aube is divided into 431 communes totalling 310,242 inhabitants (2019). The most populous commune is the prefecture Troyes. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[2]

CommunePopulation (2019)
Troyes61,957
Romilly-sur-Seine14,480
Saint-André-les-Vergers12,784
La Chapelle-Saint-Luc11,741
Sainte-Savine10,508

All of those communes, except Romilly-sur-Seine, are part of the agglomeration of Troyes.

Topography and geology

Altitude of the main towns of Aube
Nogent-sur-Seine
Lowest Altitude100 metres 67 metres 156 metres 60 metres
Highest Altitude126 metres 112 metres 348 metres 113 metres
Average Altitude 113 metres 90 metres 252 metres 87 metres
Town Hall Altitude 107 metres 77 metres 165 metres 71 metres

Hydrography

There are 23 rivers throughout the department, the four main rivers being the Seine, the Aube (tributary of the Seine), the Armance (tributary of the Armançon), and the Vanne (a tributary of the Yonne).

Forests and lakes

The department has 140,000 hectares of forests.[5]

Located in the Community of communes of Forests, lakes, and lands in Champagne, the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park was one of the first natural parks created in France.

In the same place, there is the Orient Lake and the Amance and Temple lakes where fishing, recreational water sports, and bathing are available. Each lake specialises in one or more of these activities.

Climate

The climate is moderate without intense cold or excessive heat which represents a climate similar to continental and oceanic.

Between 1950 and 1985 the average annual temperature recorded in the department was 10.1 °C[6] which is equivalent to the Paris basin and the cities of north-eastern France. The average sunshine hours per year is 1771.

Average annual rainfall is quite high (653.4 mm over 115 days of rain). In general there is more rain in autumn than in winter but rainfall is highest during spring. In contrast summer is the season when rainfall is lowest. There is, however, more rain in the south-east than the north-west.

Snow is relatively infrequent. Prevailing wind is from the west.

Channels of communication and transport

Road network

The department has 150 km of autoroutes, 33 km of national roads, 4,517 km of departmental roads and 2,116 km of local roads.

Communal transport

In the Agglomeration of Troyes TCAT (Transport for the Communes of Troyes) provides a transport network between communes. Unlike many networks that are provided by other operators, the agglomeration community of the city is the owner of the company.[7] The network currently serves eleven communes including two outside the Troyes agglomeration. Other cities, including Romilly-sur-Seine, have no transport network.[8]

Aube also has intercity transport networks. 21 regular bus routes are operated between the major cities of the department. The use of these lines is entrusted to private coaches: Transdev – The Carriers of Aube has 15 routes,[9] Keolis Sud Lorraine has 4 routes,[10] Procars Champagne has 2 routes,[11] Autocars Bardy has one route.[12]

Rail network

Five railway stations are currently in operation. These are: Nogent-sur-Seine, Romilly-sur-Seine, Troyes, Vendeuvre-sur-Barse, Bar-sur-Aube.

Aube does not have a strong rail coverage. Only one main non-electrified line passes through Aube – the line that connects Paris-Est to Mulhouse.

Navigable waterways

The department has 34.8 km of navigable waterways.[13] The city of Nogent-sur-Seine has two river ports for grain.[14]

History

Early history

The first inhabitants of Aube were the Tricasses and Lingones with a substantial human settlement around the year 400 BC.

Saints Potentian and Savinian,[15] Greek priests from Samos, came to preach the gospel from the middle of the 3rd century. Saint Patroclus was one of the first martyrs of the new faith in the year 259. Shortly after Saint Jule and some notables of the city of Tricasses also suffered martyrdom. Nevertheless, as elsewhere, the Christian community became large enough to accommodate a bishop. Saint Amateur was the first in 340. In the year 286 the Bagaudae ravaged the land which forms Aube. Emperor Julian came to Troyes with his army and rescued it.

The territory making up Aube was first attached to France in 843, following the Treaty of Verdun.

The 12th century and the monasteries

Two important monasteries were founded in the department: one at Clairvaux in 1114, created by Bernard of Clairvaux, the other was the Abbey of the Paraclete near Nogent-sur-Seine, by his illustrious rival, Pierre Abélard and of which Héloïse d'Argenteuil was the first abbess. Bernard of Clairvaux was noted for his eloquence at the Council of Troyes and his preaching of the Second Crusade which had no result and whose outcome was disastrous.

The reunion of Champagne with the kingdom of France was finalised in 1361. Yet people wanted absolutely the incorporation of Champagne but in 1328 King Philip VI gave the city of Bar-sur-Seine to Philippe de Croy. The inhabitants, however, ransomed him to return it to the king on the condition that it become inalienable.

Definitive reunion with Kingdom of France

The decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790 formally established the department of Aube. Its first president was Augustin-Henri-Marie Picot[16] and his first deputy was Louis Antoine Joseph Robin. Jacques Claude Beugnot was elected attorney-general and also MP.

After the victory of the allies in the battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the department was occupied by Russian troops from June 1815 to November 1818.

In 1911, following the revolt of the vineyards of Champagne, large riots broke out in the department.

In 1919, a decree allowed Aube department to produce champagne for the first time.[17]

In 1932, Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk visited Aube and signed a friendship treaty with France there on 4 July 1938.[18]

Heraldry

Politics and administration

Departmental council

The departmental council of Aube is located in Troyes. Its president is Philippe Pichery (Miscellaneous right). It includes the 34 councillors of the 17 cantons of Aube. Of these, 32 are from the Right (mainly the UMP), the others are from the Miscellaneous left.

Aube returns three Deputies to the National Assembly, two of whom are from The Republicans (LR), and two Senators: one UMP and one right-wing independent.

Presidential elections 2nd round

ElectionWinning CandidateParty%2nd Place CandidateParty%
2022Emmanuel MacronLREM48.32Marine Le PenRN51.68
2017[19] Emmanuel MacronLREM54.15Marine Le PenFN45.85
2012Nicolas SarkozyUMP57.37François HollandePS42.63
2007Nicolas SarkozyUMP61.70Ségolène RoyalPS38.30
2002Jacques ChiracRPR76.87Jean-Marie Le PenFN23.13
1995[20] Jacques ChiracRPR55.30Lionel JospinPS44.70

Current National Assembly Representatives

ConstituencyMember[21] Party
Aube's 1st constituencyGrégory Besson-MoreauLa République En Marche!
Aube's 2nd constituencyValérie Bazin-MalgrasThe Republicans
Aube's 3rd constituencyAngélique RancNational Rally
Seats in the Departmental Council by Political Party
PartyAbbrev. No. Members
Left Wing
align=center PS align=center 2
align=center PCF align=center 2
align=center DVG align=center 1
align=center EELV align=center 1
Right Wing
align=center MoDem align=center 1
align=center NC align=center 2
align=center DVD align=center 10
align=center UMP align=center 13
Independent
align=center SE align=center 1
President of the General Council

Demography

Aube is inhabited by 310,242 people with more than a third (137,500 inhabitants) living in the Troyes agglomeration (2019).[22]

Demographic change

In 2017, the department had 310,020 inhabitants.

Distribution of age groups

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Aube Department in 2017

Aube
Age RangeMenWomen
0 to 14 Years 19.4 17.3
15 to 29 Years 17.9 16.2
30 to 44 Years 18.2 17.4
45 to 59 Years 19.9 19.2
60 to 74 Years 17.0 17.7
75 to 89 Years 7.0 10.3
90 Years+ 0.7 1.9
Source: INSEE[23]

Breakdown of population by socio-professional categories

socio-professionnel category!colspan="2"
201720071999
Nb%Nb%Nb%
Total
Farmers and Farm workers1.72.12.3
Artisans, shopkeepers, business managers3.02.93.2
Executives and Intellectuals5.55.14.0
Intermediate Professions12.011.710.6
Employees16.216.314.9
Workers15.317.820.2
Retirees29.927.724.8
Others without occupation16.316.320.0
Source : INSEE Census 2017

Economy

General

The economy of Aube has focused on the textile industry since the 19th century. This sector is now in crisis due to the department being in an area of real economic change.

In 2017, the departmental workforce totalled 137,774 with 114,530 persons in employment and 23,244 people unemployed. Men accounted for 51.4% of the active population and women 48.6%.

The Aube department has a high rate of feminization in employment. Nearly half of people with active jobs (48.1% in 2017) are women. The main areas affected by the feminization are trade, transport, textiles, utilities, education, and health. Women are slightly more affected than men by unemployment (51.3% of the unemployed in 2017). This is mainly due to layoffs in the textile sector.

Employment by sector

Distribution of Employment by Industry sector (2015)

 AgricultureIndustryConstructionCommerce[24] Public Administration[25]
Aube3.4%17.9%6.7%39.6%32.4%
Source: INSEE[26]

Main economic sectors

Industry

! scope=col
No. of Employees
scope=row Petit Bateau (Textiles)
scope=row Devanlay (Textiles)
scope=row Soufflet (Cereals)874
scope=row Kléber (Pneumatics)790
scope=row Vachette (Locks)600
scope=row Mefro Roues (Wheel rims)584
scope=row Valco (Furniture)575
scope=row Petitjean (Public lighting)567
scope=row Jacquot (Chocolate)550

Tourism

! scope=col
No. Establishments
scope=row Hotels66 rooms
scope=row Camping23 places
scope=row Holiday Cottages310 places

Agriculture

The utilized agricultural area is 379,720 hectares. Aube is the largest producer of hemp; the 2nd largest producer of champagne, cabbage for sauerkraut, medicinal poppies, and alfalfa; the 6th largest producer of potatoes; the 8th largest producer of cereals; and the 9th largest producer of beet in France.

Population and society

Education

Primary and secondary

In 2010 elementary and secondary education consisted of:

Higher education

According to the latest census of the academic inspectorate of Aube in 2009 the department has 8,794 students in higher education.[29]

List of Universities and Higher Educational Schools

Public Schools

Private Schools

Health

Hospitals and Clinics
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
4
7
Children's Institutions
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Child Protection 12
Handicapped Children's Centre 18
Institutions for Handicapped Adults
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Institution to help for work 8
Businesses adapted for handicapped people2
Professional rehabilitation Centres1
Specialised Foster Homes 2
Accommodation Facilities20
Residential Home Care for the autistic2
Home Care 2
Institutions for the Elderly
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Nursing Homes for the Elderly (EHPAD) 38
Home Housing10
Long Term Care Units (USLD)5
Group Homes 1
Home Care 7
Rural Homes for the Elderly1

Sports

There are 580 clubs and sports associations in the Aube department.[30] The main ones are:

Media

Radio

At Troyes there are three independent local radio stations:

At Romilly-sur-Seine, in addition to Latitude Radio, there is a local independent radio broadcaster: Radio Aube et Seine.

French Christian Radio (RCF) Aube is located in the department.

Television

Daily newspapers

Place Distribution Area Press Group Circulation[31]
L'Est-Éclair Saint-André-les-Vergers (agglomération de Troyes) Aube Groupe Hersant Média
Libération Champagne Troyes Aube Groupe Hersant Média

Justice

All Aube jurisdictions are located in Troyes. The city has a Tribunal d'instance and a High Court, a commercial court and an Employment Tribunal for civil and criminal jurisdictions. There is also a Correctional court and a Juvenile court.

Appeals, however, are passed to the Court of Appeal in Reims.[32]

Waste management

Aube currently has two storage facilities for radioactive waste:

Culture and heritage

Cultural venues

Theatres and concerts

Cinemas

The four main theatres are:

Cultural festivities

Gastronomy

Monuments and tourist sites

The Aube has 365 historical monuments of which 144 are classified, and 221 are enrolled.[33]

Castles

Museums

[34]

Other historic sites

Tourist places

Notable people linked to the department

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux. data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 4 May 2022. fr.
  2. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep10.pdf Populations légales 2019: 10 Aube
  3. Web site: Le nom des habitants des communes de France - Habitants . www.habitants.fr.
  4. Book: Denajar, Laurent. Carte archéologique de la Gaule: 10. Aube. 9 July 2017. Les Editions de la MSH. 9782877540933.
  5. http://www.aube.pref.gouv.fr/articles/menu-principal/vivre-dans-l-aube/geographie-h178.html Geographical Presentation of the Aube department
  6. Readings from the Météo-France station at Barberey-Saint-Sulpice
  7. Web site: Résultats de recherche l-entreprise - TCAT. https://web.archive.org/web/20150315113457/http://www.tcat.fr/index.php?c=tcat&s=l-entreprise. dead. 15 March 2015.
  8. http://www.transbus.org/reseaux/10.html List of Networks in Aube department
  9. Web site: Implantations, Ets interurbains et Pôle Régional de Transdev Grand Est. www.transdev-grandest.fr.
  10. http://keolis-sud-lorraine.com/exec/home.asp?NumRub=2045 Keolis Sud Lorraine
  11. Web site: ProCars Champagne - Partenaire de tous vos déplacements et voyages. - L'entreprise. https://web.archive.org/web/20081111150209/http://www.procars-champagne.fr/. dead. 11 November 2008. www.procars-champagne.fr.
  12. Web site: Autocars Bardy. https://web.archive.org/web/20120623235240/http://www.autocars-bardy.com/nos%20lignes_5_MAILLY-LE-CAMP%20%3E%20ARCIS-SUR-AUBE%20%3E%20TROYES. dead. 23 June 2012.
  13. http://www.cg-aube.fr/uploads/Externe/16/23_1298454024_CG-Chiffres-cles-2011_V4.pdf Aube and its budget
  14. https://archive.today/20130628114859/http://www.aube-developpement.com/investir/Notre-territoire/port_aube.php The port of Aube at Nogent-sur-Seine
  15. Web site: Saint-Potentien and Saint-Savinien, first preachers of the Gospel in Gaul. https://web.archive.org/web/20080208102739/http://gatinais.monsite.wanadoo.fr/page3.html. dead. 8 February 2008.
  16. https://books.google.com/books?id=I0sWAAAAYAAJ Genealogical and Heraldic History of the peers of France
  17. http://arkantz.canalblog.com/archives/regions___tourisme/index.html Regions-Tourism-Arkantz
  18. http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=864 Foreign Policy Of Atatürk
  19. Web site: Présidentielles .
  20. Web site: Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania .
  21. Web site: Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français. Assemblée. Nationale. Assemblée nationale.
  22. Web site: Comparateur de territoire − Unité urbaine 2020 de Troyes (10601), Département de l'Aube (10). INSEE. 6 July 2022.
  23. Web site: Évolution et structure de la population en 2017 − Recensement de la population – Résultats pour toutes les communes, départements, régions, intercommunalités... | Insee. www.insee.fr.
  24. Including transport and services
  25. Including education, health, and social workers
  26. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-10 Dossier complet: Département de l'Aube (10)
  27. http://www.ac-reims.fr/ia10/documents/RS10/1.pdf The first degree in Aube
  28. http://www.ac-reims.fr/ia10/documents/RS10/3.pdf The second degree in Aube
  29. This figure does not take into account students from the National Conservatory of Music in Troyes
  30. http://www.ddjs10.fr/liste_des_associations Lists of associations, Departmental Directorate of Youth and Sports in Aube
  31. Circulation is weekly in 2008, OJD
  32. http://www.taxe.com/index-adresse.tribunal-aube-troyes~10387.html Competent Jurisdictions for the commune of Troyes
  33. http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/content/download/25328/212586/file/04-Patrimoine-architecture-2012.pdf Heritage and Architecture – Figures for 2012
  34. Web site: Vacances et tourisme dans l'Aube en Champagne. https://web.archive.org/web/20130507043640/http://www.aube-champagne.com/fr/les-musees.html. dead. Office du Tourisme de l'Aube en. Champagne. 7 May 2013. Aube Champagne.