United States Attorney General Explained

Post:	United States Attorney General
Flag:	Flag of the United States Attorney General.svg
Flagborder:	yes
Flagsize:	125
Flagcaption:	Flag of the United States attorney general
Insignia:	Seal of the United States Department of Justice.svg
Insigniasize:	125
Insigniacaption:	Seal of the Department of Justice
Incumbent:	Merrick Garland
Incumbentsince:	March 11, 2021
Department:	Department of Justice
Style:	Mr. Attorney General (informal) The Honorable (formal)
Member Of:	Cabinet National Security Council Homeland Security Council
Reports To:	President
Seat:	Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building Washington, D.C.
Appointer:	President
Appointer Qualified:	with Senate advice and consent
Termlength:	No fixed term
Formation:	September 26, 1789
First:	Edmund Randolph
Succession:	Seventh^[1]
Deputy:	Deputy Attorney General
Salary:	Executive Schedule, LevelI

The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all legal matters. The attorney general is a statutory member of the Cabinet of the United States.

Under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution, the officeholder is nominated by the president of the United States, then appointed with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The attorney general is supported by the Office of the Attorney General, which includes executive staff and several deputies.

Merrick Garland has been the United States attorney general since March 11, 2021.^{[2] [3]}

Name

The title, "attorney general" is an example of a noun (attorney) followed by a postpositive adjective (general).^[4] "General" is a description of the type of attorney, not a title or rank in itself (as it would be in the military). Even though the attorney general (and the similarly titled solicitor general) is occasionally referred to as "General" or "General [last name]" by senior government officials, this is considered incorrect in standard American English usage.^[5] For the same reason, the correct American English plural form is "attorneys general" rather than "attorney generals".

History

Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 which, among other things, established the Office of the Attorney General. The original duties of this officer were "to prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States shall be concerned, and to give his advice and opinion upon questions of law when required by the president of the United States, or when requested by the heads of any of the departments".^[6] Some of these duties have since been transferred to the United States solicitor general and the White House counsel.

The Department of Justice was established in 1870 to support the attorneys general in the discharge of their responsibilities.

The secretary of state, the secretary of the treasury, the secretary of defense, and the attorney general are regarded as the four most important Cabinet officials in the United States because of the size and importance of their respective departments.^[7]

Attorney General is a LevelI position in the Executive Schedule,^[8]

Presidential transition

It is the practice for the attorney general, along with the other Cabinet secretaries and high-level political appointees of the president, to tender a resignation with effect on the Inauguration Day (January 20) of a new president. The deputy attorney general is also expected to tender a resignation, but is commonly requested to stay on and act as the attorney general pending the confirmation by the Senate of the new attorney general.

For example, upon the inauguration of President Donald Trump on January 20, 2017, then-Attorney General Loretta Lynch left her position, so then-Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates, who had also tendered her resignation, was asked to stay on to serve as the acting attorney general until the confirmation of the new attorney general Jeff Sessions, who had been nominated for the office in November 2016 by then-President-elect Donald Trump.^[10]

List of attorneys general

Parties

(4) (5) (34) (4) (40) (1)

Status

No.	Portrait	Name	Prior experience	State of residence	Took office	Left office
		Edmund Randolph	Lawyer,7th Governor of Virginia	Virginia	September 26, 1789	January 26, 1794		George Washington
		William Bradford	Lawyer, judge,Attorney General of Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania	January 27, 1794	August 23, 1795
		Charles Lee	Lawyer,Acting United States Secretary of State	Virginia	December 10, 1795	February 19, 1801
								John Adams
		Levi Lincoln Sr.	Lawyer, Acting United States Secretary of State, 7th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th district	Massachusetts	March 5, 1801	March 2, 1805		Thomas Jefferson
		John Breckinridge	Lawyer, United States Senator from Kentucky, Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives, Attorney General of Kentucky	Kentucky	August 7, 1805	December 14, 1806
		Caesar Augustus Rodney	Lawyer,Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Delaware's at-large district, Member of Delaware General Assembly	Delaware	January 20, 1807	December 10, 1811
							James Madison
		William Pinkney	Lawyer, United States Minister to the United Kingdom, 3rd Attorney General of Maryland, Mayor of Annapolis, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 3rd district	Maryland	December 11, 1811	February 9, 1814
		Richard Rush	Lawyer, Attorney General of Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania	February 10, 1814	November 12, 1817
		William Wirt	Lawyer, United States Attorney for the District of Virginia, Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Richmond City 6th Clerk of the Virginia House of Delegates	Virginia	November 13, 1817	March 4, 1829		James Monroe
							John Quincy Adams
		John Macpherson Berrien	Lawyer, Judge of the Eastern judicial circuit of Georgia, United States Senator from Georgia	Georgia	March 9, 1829	July 19, 1831		Andrew Jackson
		Roger B. Taney	Lawyer, Acting United States Secretary of War, Attorney General of Maryland	Maryland	July 20, 1831	November 14, 1833
		Benjamin Franklin Butler	Lawyer, Member of the New York State Assembly from Albany County, District Attorney of Albany County	New York	November 15, 1833	July 4, 1838
							Martin Van Buren
		Felix Grundy	Lawyer, United States Senator from Tennessee, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 3rd district and 5th district, Chief Justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals	Tennessee	July 5, 1838	January 10, 1840
		Henry D. Gilpin	Lawyer, Solicitor of the United States Treasury, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania	January 11, 1840	March 4, 1841
15		John J. Crittenden	Lawyer, 22nd Secretary of State of Kentucky, United States Senator from Kentucky	Kentucky	March 5, 1841	September 12, 1841		William Henry Harrison
							John Tyler
		Hugh S. Legaré	Lawyer, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 1st district Acting United States Minister to Belgium, 7th Attorney General of South Carolina	South Carolina	September 13, 1841	June 20, 1843
17		John Nelson	Lawyer, United States Chargé d'Affaires to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 4th district	Maryland	July 1, 1843	March 4, 1845
		John Y. Mason	Lawyer, 16th United States Secretary of the Navy Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 2nd district	Virginia	March 5, 1845	October 16, 1846		James K. Polk
		Nathan Clifford	Lawyer, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine's 1st district, Attorney General of Maine, Member of the Maine House of Representatives,	Maine	October 17, 1846	March 17, 1848
		Isaac Toucey	Lawyer, 33rd Governor of Connecticut, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut's at-large district and 1st district	Connecticut	June 21, 1848	March 4, 1849
21		Reverdy Johnson	Lawyer, United States Senator from Maryland	Maryland	March 8, 1849	July 21, 1850		Zachary Taylor
22		John J. Crittenden	Lawyer, 15th United States Attorney General (1841) 22nd Secretary of State of Kentucky, United States Senator from Kentucky	Kentucky	July 22, 1850	March 4, 1853		Millard Fillmore
		Caleb Cushing	Lawyer, United States Minister to China, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 3rd district	Massachusetts	March 7, 1853	March 4, 1857		Franklin Pierce
		Jeremiah S. Black	Lawyer, Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court	Pennsylvania	March 6, 1857	December 16, 1860		James Buchanan
		Edwin Stanton	Lawyer	Pennsylvania	December 20, 1860	March 4, 1861
		Edward Bates	Lawyer, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Missouri's at-large district, Attorney General of Missouri	Missouri	March 5, 1861	November 24, 1864		Abraham Lincoln
		James Speed	Lawyer, Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives	Kentucky	December 2, 1864	July 22, 1866
							Andrew Johnson
		Henry Stanbery	Lawyer, Attorney General of Ohio	Ohio	July 23, 1866	July 16, 1868
		William M. Evarts	Lawyer	New York	July 17, 1868	March 4, 1869
		Ebenezer R. Hoar	Lawyer, judge	Massachusetts	March 5, 1869	November 22, 1870		Ulysses S. Grant
		Amos T. Akerman	Lawyer, teacher	Georgia	November 23, 1870	December 13, 1871
		George Henry Williams	United States Senator from Oregon3rd Chief Justice of Oregon Supreme Court	Oregon	December 14, 1871	April 25, 1875
		Edwards Pierrepont	AttorneyU.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York	New York	April 26, 1875	May 21, 1876
		Alphonso Taft	31st United States Secretary of War		May 22, 1876	March 4, 1877
		Charles Devens	Judge of Massachusetts superior court	Massachusetts	March 12, 1877	March 4, 1881		Rutherford B. Hayes
		Wayne MacVeagh	Lawyer,United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire	Pennsylvania	March 5, 1881	December 15, 1881		James A. Garfield
							Chester A. Arthur
		Benjamin H. Brewster	Attorney General of Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania	December 16, 1881	March 4, 1885
		Augustus Garland	Lawyer, United States Senator from Arkansas, 11th Governor of Arkansas	Arkansas	March 6, 1885	March 4, 1889		Grover Cleveland
		William H. H. Miller	Lawyer	Indiana	March 7, 1889	March 4, 1893		Benjamin Harrison
		Richard Olney	Lawyer	Massachusetts	March 6, 1893	April 7, 1895		Grover Cleveland
		Judson Harmon	Lawyer	Ohio	April 8, 1895	March 4, 1897
		Joseph McKenna	Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 3rd district	California	March 5, 1897	January 25, 1898		William McKinley
		John W. Griggs	Lawyer,28th Governor of New Jersey	New Jersey	January 25, 1898	March 29, 1901
		Philander C. Knox	Lawyer, Assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1876–1877), President of the Pennsylvania Bar Association	Pennsylvania	April 5, 1901	June 30, 1904
							Theodore Roosevelt
		William Henry Moody	35th United States Secretary of the Navy,Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 6th district	Massachusetts	July 1, 1904	December 17, 1906
		Charles Bonaparte	Lawyer,37th United States Secretary of the Navy	Maryland	December 17, 1906	March 4, 1909
		George W. Wickersham	Lawyer	New York	March 4, 1909	March 4, 1913		William Howard Taft
		James C. McReynolds	Lawyer	Tennessee	March 5, 1913	August 29, 1914		Woodrow Wilson
		Thomas Watt Gregory	Lawyer	Texas	August 29, 1914	March 4, 1919
		A. Mitchell Palmer	Attorney,Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 26th district	Pennsylvania	March 5, 1919	March 4, 1921
		Harry M. Daugherty	Lawyer Member of the Ohio House of Representatives (1889−1893) Republican Political Operative from Ohio	Ohio	March 4, 1921	April 6, 1924		Warren G. Harding
							Calvin Coolidge
		Harlan F. Stone	Lawyer	New York	April 7, 1924	March 1, 1925
		John G. Sargent	Lawyer,Attorney General of Vermont	Vermont	March 7, 1925	March 4, 1929
		William D. Mitchell	Attorney,18th United States Solicitor General	Minnesota	March 4, 1929	March 4, 1933		Herbert Hoover
		Homer Stille Cummings	Mayor of Stamford, Connecticut (1904–1906), State Attorney of Fairfield County (1914–1924),Chair of the Democratic National Committee (1919–1920)	Connecticut	March 4, 1933	January 1, 1939		Franklin D. Roosevelt
		Frank Murphy	Governor-General of the Philippines (1933–1935),1st High Commissioner to the Philippines (1935–1936), 35th Governor of Michigan (1937–1939)	Michigan	January 2, 1939	January 18, 1940
		Robert H. Jackson	Lawyer,United States Assistant Attorney General for the Tax Division (1936–1937), United States Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division (1937–1938), 24th United States Solicitor General (1938–1940)	New York	January 18, 1940	August 25, 1941
		Francis Biddle		Pennsylvania	August 26, 1941	June 26, 1945
Lawyer,Deputy Chair of the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Pennsylvania (1938–1939), Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1939–1940), 25th United States Solicitor General (1940–1941)							Harry S. Truman
		Tom C. Clark	Lawyer,United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division (1943–1945)	Texas	June 27, 1945	July 26, 1949
		J. Howard McGrath	Lawyer,60th Governor of Rhode Island (1941–1945), 27th United States Solicitor General (1945–1946), Chair of the Democratic National Committee (1947–1949), United States Senator from Rhode Island (1947–1949)	Rhode Island	July 27, 1949	April 3, 1952
		James P. McGranery	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 2nd district (1937–1943),Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1946–1952)	Pennsylvania	April 4, 1952	January 20, 1953
		Herbert Brownell Jr.	Member of the New York State Assembly from the 10th district (1933–1937),Chair of the Republican National Committee (1944–1946)	New York	January 21, 1953	October 23, 1957		Dwight D. Eisenhower
		William P. Rogers	Attorney,4th United States Deputy Attorney General (1953–1957)	New York	October 23, 1957	January 20, 1961
		Robert F. Kennedy	Lawyer	Massachusetts	January 20, 1961	September 3, 1964		John F. Kennedy
								Lyndon B. Johnson
		Nicholas Katzenbach		Illinois	September 4, 1964	January 28, 1965
Lawyer,7th United States Deputy Attorney General (1962–1965)			January 28, 1965		November 28, 1966
		Ramsey Clark		Texas	November 28, 1966	March 10, 1967
United States Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division (1961–1965),8th United States Deputy Attorney General (1965–1967)			March 10, 1967		January 20, 1969
		John N. Mitchell	Lawyer	New York	January 20, 1969	February 15, 1972		Richard Nixon
		Richard Kleindienst	Lawyer,10th United States Deputy Attorney General (1969–1972)	Arizona	February 15, 1972	April 30, 1973^[11]
		Elliot Richardson	Lawyer,37th Attorney General of Massachusetts (1967–1969), 25th United States Under Secretary of State (1969–1970), 9th United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (1970–1973), 11th United States Secretary of Defense (Jan–May 1973)	Massachusetts	May 25, 1973	October 20, 1973
		Robert Bork	33rd Solicitor General of the United States (1973–1977)	Pennsylvania	October 20, 1973	January 4, 1974
		William B. Saxbe	U.S. Senator from Ohio	Ohio	January 4, 1974	February 2, 1975
Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives (1953–1955),Ohio Attorney General (1957–1959; 1963–1969), United States Senator from Ohio (1969–1974)							Gerald Ford
		Edward H. Levi	7th President of the University of Chicago	Illinois	February 2, 1975	January 20, 1977
		Dick Thornburgh	United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1969–1975)United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division (1975–1977)	Pennsylvania	January 20, 1977	January 26, 1977		Jimmy Carter
		Griffin Bell	Lawyer,Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (1961–1976)	Georgia	January 26, 1977	August 16, 1979
		Benjamin Civiletti	Assistant United States AttorneyUnited States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division (1977–1978) 17th United States Deputy Attorney General (1978–1979)	Maryland	August 16, 1979	January 19, 1981
		William French Smith	Lawyer	California	January 23, 1981	February 25, 1985		Ronald Reagan
		Edwin Meese	Counselor to the President (1981–1985)	California	February 25, 1985	August 12, 1988
		Dick Thornburgh	Acting United States Attorney General (1977) Governor of Pennsylvania (1979–1987)	Pennsylvania	August 12, 1988	August 15, 1991
							George H. W. Bush
		William Barr	United States Deputy Attorney General (1990–1991) United States Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel (1989–1990)	Virginia	August 16, 1991	November 26, 1991
November 26, 1991					January 20, 1993
		Stuart M. Gerson	United States Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division (1989–1993)	Washington, D.C.	January 20, 1993	March 12, 1993		Bill Clinton
		Janet Reno	Attorney,State Attorney for Miami-Dade County (1978–1993)	Florida	March 12, 1993	January 20, 2001
		Eric Holder	United States Deputy Attorney General (1997–2001) United States Attorney for the District of Columbia (1993–1997) Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia (1988–1993)	Washington, D.C.	January 20, 2001	February 2, 2001		George W. Bush
		John Ashcroft	38th Attorney General of Missouri (1977–1983)50th Governor of Missouri (1985–1993) United States Senator from Missouri (1995–2001)	Missouri	February 2, 2001	February 3, 2005
		Alberto Gonzales	100th Secretary of State of Texas (1998–1999)Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas (1999–2001)White House Counsel (2001–2005)	Texas	February 3, 2005	September 17, 2007
		Paul Clement	Lawyer,United States Principal Deputy Solicitor General (2001–2004) 43rd United States Solicitor General (2004–2008)	Washington, D.C.	September 17, 2007	September 18, 2007
		Peter Keisler	Acting United States Associate Attorney General (2002–2003)United States Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division (2003–2007)	Washington, D.C.	September 18, 2007	November 9, 2007
		Michael Mukasey	Attorney,Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2000–2006) Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2006)	New York	November 9, 2007	January 20, 2009
		Mark Filip	Lawyer,Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2004–2008) 33rd United States Deputy Attorney General (2008–2009)	Illinois	January 20, 2009	February 3, 2009		Barack Obama
		Eric Holder	Acting United States Attorney General (2001) United States Deputy Attorney General (1997–2001) United States Attorney for the District of Columbia (1993–1997) Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia (1988–1993)	Washington, D.C.	February 3, 2009	April 27, 2015
		Loretta Lynch	United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York (1999–2001, 2010–2015) Member of the Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2003–2005)	New York	April 27, 2015	January 20, 2017
		Sally Yates	Lawyer,United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia (2010–2015) 36th United States Deputy Attorney General (2015–2017)	Georgia	January 20, 2017	January 30, 2017		Donald Trump
		Dana Boente	Attorney,United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia (2013–2018)	Virginia	January 30, 2017	February 9, 2017
		Jeff Sessions	United States Senator from Alabama (1997–2017) Attorney General of Alabama (1995–1997) United States Attorney for the Southern District of Alabama (1981–1993)	Alabama	February 9, 2017	November 7, 2018
		Matthew Whitaker	Lawyer,United States Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa (2004–2009) Chief of Staff to the Attorney General (2017–2018)	Iowa	November 7, 2018	February 14, 2019
		William Barr	77th United States Attorney General (1991–1993) United States Deputy Attorney General (1990–1991) United States Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel (1989–1990)	Virginia	February 14, 2019	December 23, 2020
		Jeffrey A. Rosen	Lawyer12th Deputy Secretary of Transportation (2017–2019) 38th Deputy Attorney General (2019–2020)	Massachusetts	December 24, 2020	January 20, 2021
		John Demers	LawyerAssistant Attorney General for the National Security Division (2018–2021)	Massachusetts	January 20, 2021		Joe Biden
		Monty Wilkinson	Lawyer	Washington, D.C.	January 20, 2021			March 11, 2021
		Merrick Garland	Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2013–2020) Nominee for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (2016) Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1997–2021)	Maryland	March 11, 2021			Incumbent

Line of succession

U.S.C. Title 28, §508 establishes the first two positions in the line of succession, while allowing the attorney general to designate other high-ranking officers of the Department of Justice as subsequent successors.^[12] Furthermore, an Executive Order defines subsequent positions, the most recent from March 31, 2017, signed by President Donald Trump.^[13] The current line of succession is:

1. United States Deputy Attorney General
2. United States Associate Attorney General
3. Other officers potentially designated by the attorney general (in no particular order):
   • Solicitor General of the United States
   • Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Justice Management Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division
   • Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs
   • Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel
   • Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Policy
   • Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legislative Affairs
4. United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia
5. United States Attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina
6. United States Attorney for the Northern District of Texas

Notable figures

• First Italian American male: Charles Joseph Bonaparte in 1906^[14]
• First Jewish American male: Edward H. Levi in 1975^[15]
• First female: Janet Reno in 1993^[16]
• First Hispanic American male: Alberto Gonzales in 2005^[17]
• First African American male: Eric Holder in 2009^[18]
• First African American female: Loretta Lynch in 2015^[19]

See also

• for "Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice"

External links

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Notes and References

1. Web site: 3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act. November 7, 2018. December 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226123834/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/3/19. live.
2. News: Merrick Garland Is Confirmed as Attorney General. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/10/us/politics/merrick-garland-attorney-general-confirmation.html . December 28, 2021 . limited. The New York Times. March 10, 2021. Benner. Katie.
3. Justice Department . United States Department of Justice . TheJusticeDept . 1370023440904716291 . March 11, 2021 . Judge Merrick Garland takes his oath of office as the 86th Attorney General of the United States as he is sworn in by Assistant Attorney General for Administration Lee Lofthus. https://t.co/2nbizdpTFp . en . December 13, 2022.
4. Herz . Michael . 2002 . Washington, Patton, Schwarzkopf and ... Ashcroft? . Constitutional Commentary . May 31, 2019 . May 31, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190531193854/https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm/771/ . live .
5. Web site: Garner . Bryan A. . LawProse Lesson #116: What's the plural form of attorney general? And what is the plural possessive? . May 31, 2019 . Above the Law . May 2013 . en-US.
6. [Judiciary Act of 1789]
7. Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch (1997). Congressional Quarterly. p. 87.
8. Web site: Salary Table No. 2021-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX). https://web.archive.org/web/20210123013351/https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/salary-tables/pdf/2021/EX.pdf . January 23, 2021 . live.
9. thus earning a salary of US$221,400, as of January 2021.^[8]
10. Web site: Trump will allow U.S. attorneys to stay past Friday . January 17, 2017 . Gerstein . Josh . POLITICO . en . July 25, 2019 . July 25, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190725210502/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-us-attorneys-233740 . live .
11. News: 3 Top Nixon Aides, Kleindienst Out; President Accepts Full Responsibility; Richardson Will Conduct New Probe. Stern. Laurence. May 1, 1973. The Washington Post. February 28, 2019. Johnson. Haynes. March 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074640/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/3-top-nixon-aides-kleindienst-out-president-accepts-full-responsibility-richardson-will-conduct-new-probe/2012/06/04/gJQAx7oFJV_story.html. live.
12. Web site: U.S.C. Title 28 – JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE. www.gpo.gov. June 14, 2018. June 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032226/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2016-title28/html/USCODE-2016-title28-partII-chap31-sec508.htm. live.
13. News: Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice. April 5, 2017. Federal Register. June 14, 2018. April 5, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170405143719/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/04/05/2017-06971/providing-an-order-of-succession-within-the-department-of-justice. live.
14. Book: LaGumina . Salvatore J. . The Italian American Experience: An Encyclopedia . Cavaioli . Frank J. . Primeggia . Salvatore . Varacalli . Joseph A. . 2003-09-02 . Routledge . 978-1-135-58333-0 . en.
15. Web site: #05-591: 11-03-05 NEW AWARD CREATED TO HONOR FORMER ATTORNEY GENERAL EDWARD H. LEVI . 2018-12-11 . www.justice.gov.
16. Book: Magill, Frank N. . The 20th Century O-Z: Dictionary of World Biography . 2013-05-13 . Routledge . 9781136593697 . en.
17. Web site: Alberto Gonzales becomes first Hispanic U.S. attorney general February 3, 2005 . 2024-05-18 . HISTORY . en.
18. Book: Rennison . Callie Marie . Introduction to Criminal Justice: Systems, Diversity, and Change . Dodge . Mary . 2016-12-01 . SAGE Publications . 9781506347745.
19. Web site: Prater . Nia . January 12, 2017 . Loretta Lynch Bids Farewell to Justice Department . U.S. News.