Attorney-General of Belize explained

Post:	Attorney General
Body:	Belize
Incumbent:	Magali Marin Young S.C
Incumbentsince:	11 December 2020
Department:	Attorney General's Ministry
Style:	The Honorable -->
Member Of:	House of Representatives Cabinet
Reports To:	Governor-General of Belize Prime Minister of Belize
Nominator:	Prime Minister of Belize
Appointer:	Governor-General of Belize
Termlength:	5 years
Constituting Instrument:	Belize Constitution
Inaugural:	Vernon Harrison Courtenay

The Attorney-General of Belize is a cabinet-level official who acts as the principal legal adviser to the government of Belize.^[1]

Overview

The position of AG is outlined in Section 42 of the Constitution of Belize, which requires that the AG have been qualified for at least five years to practice as an advocate in a court of unlimited jurisdiction in the Commonwealth of Nations or Ireland. Civil proceedings for and against the State are taken in the name of the Attorney General.^[1]

Prior to 2010, the constitution also required that the AG be a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate of Belize. As part of the Belize Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Bill, the government proposed to remove this restriction; the same bill also proposed to replace the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council with the Caribbean Court of Justice, and to allow dual citizens to become members of Parliament.^[2] The thinking behind this amendment was that an unelected AG could avoid becoming embroiled in partisan politics.^[3]

Then-AG Wilfred Elrington, who concurrently held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Foreign Trade, justified the proposed changes by pointing out that he was already overworked due to his three positions, and that changing the requirement would allow the PM to tap the best talent from the private sector to become AG. However, in the House, Mark Espat (PUP) criticised the bill as creating a special privilege for lawyers to get around the ordinary electoral process on their way to the Cabinet, while Said Musa stated that the change should be unnecessary given that the PM already had the power to appoint a 13th member to the Senate; despite these concerns, the bill passed the House (though with the dual-citizenship MP provisions stripped out.^{[4] [5]} In the Senate, Henry Gordon and Godwin Hulse expressed concern over this change, but the bill passed the Senate as well by a vote of eight-to-two with two abstentions.^{[2] [6]}

List of attorneys-general

British Honduras (1862–1973)

• Sir Alexander Campbell Onslow, 1878–1880
• (Sir) Henry Rawlins Pipon Schooles 1880–1883 ^[7]
• Sir W. Meigh Goodman KC, 1883–1886
• Charles Reginald Hoffmeister, 1886–1893
• Leslie Probyn 1893–96 (afterwards Attorney General of Grenada, 1896)
• Sir Frederic Mackenzie Maxwell, 1896–1907 (afterwards Chief Justice of British Honduras, 1907)
  • Henry Eugene Walter Grant, 1902–1903 (acting)
• C.R. Davies, c.1907^[8]
• Lancelot Elphinstone, 1913–?1919 (afterwards Solicitor General of Trinidad, 1919)
• Sir George O'Donnell Walton, 1919-?1921 (afterwards Chief Justice of Grenada, 1921)
• Hon. Willoughby Bullock, c. 1926-?1928 (afterwards Chief Justice of St Vincent, 1928)
• Sidney Alexander Roger McKinstry, 1932–c.1941 ^[9]
  • O.L. Bancroft, 1941 ^[10] (acting)
• Harold John Hughes, 1941–1950
• Cyril George Xavier Henriques, 1950–1956 ^[11] (afterwards Chief Justice of the Windward and Leeward Islands, 1958)
• Charles Francis Henville, c. 1956–1968
• John Kingsley Havers, c. 1968–1973

Belize

• Vernon Harrison Courtenay, c. 1974 - c. 1979
• Said Musa, 1979–1984 under PM George Cadle Price^[12]
• Hubert Elrington, 1984–1986 under PM Manuel Esquivel^[13]
• Dean Barrow, 1986–1989 under PM Manuel Esquivel^[14]
• Glenn Godfrey 1989–1993 under PM George Cadle Price
• Dean Barrow, 1993–1998 (second) under PM Manuel Esquivel^[15]
• Godfrey Smith, 1999–2003 under PM Said Musa^[16]
• Eamon Harrison Courtenay SC, 2004 – c. 2007 under PM Said Musa^{[3] [17]}
• Francis Fonseca, c. 2007 under PM Said Musa^[18]
• Wilfred Elrington, 2008–2010 under PM Dean Barrow
• Bernard Q. Pitts, 2010–2012 under PM Dean Barrow^[19]
• Wilfred Elrington (second), 2012–2015 under PM Dean Barrow^[19]
• Vanessa Retreage, 2015-2017 under PM Dean Barrow.^[20]
• Michael Peyrefitte, 2017-2020 under PM Dean Barrow.^[21]
• Magali Marin-Young, 2020–present under PM Johnny Briceño

External links

• Senate of Belize Debate on the Belize Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Bill, 23 February 2010

Notes and References

1. Book: The Constitution of Belize. Part V: The Executive. Attorney-General of Belize. 20 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120209104453/http://www.belizelaw.org/e_library/constitution_05.html. 9 February 2012. dead.
2. News: Senators raise more questions about Attorney General. News 5 Belize. 23 February 2010. 20 April 2012.
3. News: Former attorney general speaks about AG post. News 5 Belize. 22 June 2009. 20 April 2012.
4. News: Sparks fly over lawyer's appointment as attorney general. News 5 Belize. 19 February 2010. 20 April 2012.
5. News: Feisty Debate Over Seventh Amendment Bill. 7 News Belize. 19 February 2010. 20 April 2012.
6. News: Belize Senate approves Caribbean Court of Justice. Adele. Ramos. Amandala. 26 February 2010. 20 April 2012.
7. Web site: County Families of the UK. Mocavo. 27 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928183103/http://www.mocavo.co.uk/The-County-Families-of-the-United-Kingdom-Ed-59/899441/1220. 28 September 2015. dead.
8. General Index. Solicitors' Journal and Weekly Reporter. 51. 831.
9. News: Kingston Gleamer. 12 April 1938.
10. Web site: British Honduras Gazette. 25 August 2019.
11. Book: The Catholic Lawyer. 82.
12. http://caribbean.halloffame.tripod.com/Said_Musa.html Said Musa - Caribbean Hall of Fame
13. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1496818/000107878212002338/f8k090612_8k.htm FORM 8-K PUB CRAWL HOLDINGS, INC.
14. Web site: Belize - Head of Government: The Hon Dean Oliver Barrow, Prime Minister . Commonwealth Secretariat . 12 April 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130105121004/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookInternal/171998/head_of_government/ . 5 January 2013 . dmy .
15. http://udp.org.bz/who-we-are/our-leaders/ Our Leaders|United Democratic Party
16. News: Attorney General holds legal summit. News 5 Belize. 16 November 1999. 30 July 2012.
17. News: Prime Minister repositions Ministers. San Pedro Sun. 15 January 2004. 30 July 2012.
18. Web site: 2007 Belize Cruise. US Department of State. 13 September 2015.
19. News: B.Q. who no longer; AG Elrington resumes post. News 5 Belize. 14 March 2012. 20 April 2012.
20. Web site: PM Barrow Appoints First Ever Female Attorney General for Belize - Love FM – News & Music Power . lovefm.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151112202102/http://lovefm.com/2015/11/09/pm-barrow-appoints-first-ever-female-attorney-general-for-belize . 2015-11-12.
21. http://www.wiredja.com/news/caribbean/item/5123-belize-outgoing-speaker-sworn-in-as-new-attorney-general