Atractomorpha (grasshopper) explained

Atractomorpha is a genus in the Pyrgomorphidae, a family of grasshoppers, found in Africa, Asia, and Australia.^[1]

Biology

Not much is written about the biology of the Atractomorpha, but they are herbivores typical of the Orthoptera, so it is understandable that some species seem to be minor pests in gardens ^[2] and that some, such as Atractomorpha psittacina and Atractomorpha bedeli, are significant pests in rice.^[3]

As with many grasshoppers in various families, the males are smaller than the females and ride on them long before copulation. They remain there during the period in which the female achieves sexual receptiveness. Similar strategies are common in vertebrates such as some amphibians, as well as various invertebrates, where the males attempt to keep rivals from mating with the female.

At least some Atractomorpha species also share a habit with various generally sedentary Orthoptera such as some Pamphagidae, of producing their excreta in the form of relatively few, large, elongated faecal pellets, one at a time. As each pellet emerges, they kick it a considerable distance away, using the tibia of one rear leg. This apparently is a strategy for avoiding the attentions of parasitoids and predators that otherwise might have been attracted to the smell of a host midden.^{[4] [5]}

Atractomorpha are active during the day, and their usual habitat is reeds and grasses close to rivers or streams.^[6]

Taxonomy

The genus name Atractomorpha is derived from the Greek language and means "spindle-shaped" or "arrow-shaped".^[7] Various families of Orthoptera (including the Acrididae and Lentulidae) include genera whose species have similarly cone-shaped heads, and there are genera within the family Pyrgomorphidae (such as Phymateus and Dictyophorus) that do not have cone-shaped heads,^[8] so their superficial appearance may be misleading even for professionals not specifically active in that field.

Species

The Orthoptera Species File^[9] includes:

1. Atractomorpha aberrans
2. Atractomorpha acutipennis
3. Atractomorpha angusta
4. Atractomorpha australis
5. Atractomorpha burri
6. Atractomorpha crenaticeps
7. Atractomorpha crenulata
8. Atractomorpha dubia
9. Atractomorpha fuscipennis
10. Atractomorpha himalayica
11. Atractomorpha hypoestes
12. Atractomorpha lata
13. Atractomorpha melanostriga
14. Atractomorpha micropenna
15. Atractomorpha nigripennis
16. Atractomorpha occidentalis
17. Atractomorpha orientalis
18. Atractomorpha peregrina
19. Atractomorpha psittacina
20. Atractomorpha rhodoptera
21. Atractomorpha rufopunctata
22. Atractomorpha sagittaris
23. Atractomorpha similis
24. Atractomorpha sinensis
25. Atractomorpha suzhouensis
26. Atractomorpha taiwanensis
27. Atractomorpha yunnanensis

External links

• • • Photographs

Notes and References

1. Web site: Vegetable Grasshopper . Museum of Queensland . 2019-09-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190310133434/https://qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Animals+of+Queensland/Insects/Grasshoppers+Crickets+and+Katydids/Common+species/Vegetable+Grasshopper#.XXkOHShKiUk . 2019-03-10 . dead .
2. Web site: The World's Best Photos of atractomorpha - Flickr Hive Mind . fiveprime.org . 6 June 2022 . https://archive.today/20130414233735/http://fiveprime.org/hivemind/Tags/atractomorpha/Interesting . 14 April 2013 . dead.
3. Shepard, B. M. Barrion, A. T. Litsinger J. A. Rice-Feeding Insects of Tropical Asia - Page 116. International Rice Research Institute. Manila, Philippines 1995
4. Yosuke TANAKA, Eiiti KASUYA; Flying distance of frass kicked by the grasshopper Atractomorpha lata and factors affecting the flying distance; Entomological Science Volume 14, Issue 2, pages 133–141, April 2011
5. Feedback, New Scientist Number 2810, page 64 and Number 2816, page 64
6. Book: Grasshopper Country: The Abundant Orthopteroid Insects of Australia . 168 . David C. Rentz. UNSW Press . 1996. 9780868400631 .
7. Book: Jaeger, Edmund C. . Edmund Jaeger . A Source-Book of Biological Names and Terms . registration . Thomas . Springfield, Ill . 1959 . 0-398-06179-3 .
8. Book: Alan Weaving . Mike Picker . Griffiths, Charles Llewellyn . Field Guide to Insects of South Africa . New Holland Publishers, Ltd . 2003 . 1-86872-713-0 .
9. http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1120356 Orthoptera Species File: genus Atractomorpha Saussure, 1862 (retrieved 17 July 2024)