Atlatlia is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It contains two species, both of which are found in eucalypt forests in Australia. In the males, the seventh segment of the abdomen is extremely elongated, forming a hypopygial peduncle. The name of the genus is derived from Nahuatl languages: atlatl, the Nahuatl word for "spear-thrower", in reference to the male preabdomen which appears to act as an atlatl for the hypopygial peduncle.