Atlantic Bronze Age Explained

Atlantic Bronze Age
Map:File:Atlantic Bronze Age. Map of exchanged items.jpg
Region:Western Europe
Period:Bronze Age
Dates: 1300 —  700 BC
Followedby:Iron Age Britain, Iron Age Ireland, Iron Age France, Iron Age Spain

See also: Bronze Age Europe. The Atlantic Bronze Age is a term that has never been formally defined.[1] Some take its meaning to be a label for the period spanning approximately 1300–700 BC in Britain, France, Ireland, Portugal and Spain; that is, the Atlantic coast of Europe. Others assign it to a cultural complex of the Bronze Age period in prehistoric Europe that is defined by the culture prevalent at this time and location.

Trade

See main article: Bronze Age Europe.

The Atlantic Bronze Age is characterized by economic and cultural exchange between far-flung communities, resulting in a high degree of cultural similarity seen in coastal communities ranging from central Portugal in the south of coastal Europe, through Galicia (Spain), the Atlantic coast of France, including Armorica (Brittany) to Cornwall in southwest England and as far north as Scotland. This is evidenced by the frequent use of stone as chevaux-de-frise, the construction of cliff castles, and a similarity of domestic architecture and living spaces, sometimes characterized by roundhouses. [2] Trade contacts extended northwards and eastwards to Sweden[3] and Denmark and eastwards as far as the Mediterranean.

Metal production

This Bronze Age culture was characterized by distinct regional centers of metal production, linked by regular maritime trade. The main centers were in southern England and Ireland, northwestern France, and western Iberia (Spain and Portugal).[4] Items associated with this culture are often found in hoards or deposited in ritual areas.[5] [6] Metal finds have typically been preserved in watery contexts such as rivers, lakes, and bogs. This cultural complex includes various items, such as socketed and double-ring bronze axes, sometimes found buried in large hoards in Brittany and Galicia. Military equipment such as lunate spearheads, V-notched shields, and a variety of bronze swords, including carp-tongue swords, are usually found buried in lakes, rivers, or rocky outcrops.[7] Elite feasting equipment such as spits, kettles, and meat hooks[8] have also been found from central Portugal to Scotland.

Celtic influence

It is during this period that the Celts rose to prominence in Europe [9] In particular, the Celtic language may have developed as an Atlantic lingua franca. Communities may have adopted elite status markers such as grip-tongue swords and bronze sheet metalwork from the Urnfield period (Bronze D and Hallstatt A)[10] and they must also have acquired the skills for their production, and ritual knowledge about their proper treatment involving deposition.[11] These changes may indicate processes related to language change.[11] The emergence of Celtic languages with a Proto-Celtic homeland in west-central Europe can be explained by elite contact from east to west.[12] However, this view contrasts with the more widely accepted view that Celtic origins are linked to the central European Hallstatt C culture.

See also

References

  1. Book: Brandherm, Dirk . Almost lost between the lines: The concept of the Atlantic Bronze Age . Queen's University Belfast Research Portal . 2014 . 2024-05-08 .
  2. Cunliffe. Barry. Atlantic Sea-ways. Revista de Guimarães. 1999. Especial. I. 93–105. 2011-09-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211610/http://www.csarmento.uminho.pt/docs/ndat/rg/RGVE1999_005.pdf. 2015-09-23. dead.
  3. Ling . Johan . Stos-Gale . Zofia . Grandin . Lena . Billström . Kjell . Hjärthner-Holdar . Eva . Persson . Per-Olof . Moving metals II: provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age artefacts by lead isotope and elemental analyses . Journal of Archaeological Science . 2014 . 41. 106–132. 10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.018 . 2014JArSc..41..106L .
  4. https://books.google.com/books?id=q_o1dZVAw5MC&pg=PA144 Europe Before History by Kristian Kristiansen
  5. Web site: Comendador Rey. Beatriz. SPACE AND MEMORY AT THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER ULLA (GALICIA, SPAIN). Conceptualising Space and Place: On the role of agency, memory and identity in the construction of space from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Iron Age in Europe. Archaeopress. 26 April 2011.
  6. Book: Cunliffe, Barry. Europe between the oceans : themes and variations, 9000 BC-AD 1000. 2008. Yale University Press. New Haven. 978-0-300-17086-3. 254–258. First printed in paperback 2011..
  7. Quilliec . Bénédicte T. . Vida y muerte de una espada atlántica del Bronce Final en Europa: Reconstrucción de los procesos de fabricación, uso y destrucción . Life and death of an Atlantic sword: Reconstruction of the processes of fabrication, use wear and destruction . es . Complutum . 2007 . 18 . 93–107 . 10 October 2019 .
  8. Bowman. Sheridan. Stuart Needham. The Dunaverney and Little Thetford Flesh-Hooks: History, Technology and Their Position within the Later Bronze Age Atlantic Zone Feasting Complex . The Antiquaries Journal. 2007. 87. 53–108. 22 September 2011. 10.1017/s0003581500000846. 161084139 .
  9. Book: Koch, John . Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History in Acta Palaeohispanica X Palaeohispanica 9 (2009) . Palaeohispanica . 2009 . 339–351 . 1578-5386 . 2010-05-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100623034727/http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/54/26koch.pdf . 23 June 2010 . live.
  10. Book: Cunliffe, Barry. A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64. 2008. The Prehistoric Society. 61.
  11. Book: Brandherm, Dirk. Celtic from the West 2 - Westward Ho? Sword-bearers and all the rest of it.... 2013. Oxbow Books. Oxford. 978-1-84217-529-3. 148. https://web.archive.org/web/20130121025118/http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/celtic-from-the-west-2.html. dead. 2013-01-21.
  12. Book: Koch, John T.. Celtic from the West 2 -Prologue: The Earliest Hallstatt Iron Age cannot equal Proto-Celtic. 2013. Oxbow Books. Oxford. 978-1-84217-529-3. 10. https://web.archive.org/web/20130121025118/http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/celtic-from-the-west-2.html. dead. 2013-01-21.

External links