The athletics competition in the 1954 Central American and Caribbean Games were held at the Estadio Olímpico Universitario in Mexico City, Mexico.
| 100 metres | Rafael Fortún | 10.58A | Les Laing | 10.66A | Raúl Mazorra | 10.80A | |
| 200 metres | Les Laing | 21.66A | Jaime Aparicio | 21.84A | Martin Francis | 21.90A | |
| 400 metres | Angel García | 48.02A | George Rhoden | 48.19A | Ovidio de Jesús | 48.27A | |
| 800 metres | Frank Prince | 1:54.47A | George Rhoden | 1:55.00A | Eric Waldrom | 1:57.74A | |
| 1500 metres | Frank Prince | 4:16.65A | Heliodoro Martínez | 4:16.81A | Filemón Camacho | 4:17.71A | |
| 5000 metres | Doroteo Flores | 15:57.30A | Eligio Galicia | 16:04.52A | Francisco Hernández | 16:07.04A | |
| 10,000 metres | Cruz Serrano | 32:59.63A | Doroteo Flores | 33:52.80A | Francisco Hernández | 34:00.19A | |
| Half marathon | Doroteo Flores | 1:15:20A | Gustavo Ramírez | 1:19:00A | Guillermo Rojas | 1:19:01A | |
| 110 metres hurdles | Samuel Anderson | 14.3A | Keith Gardner | 14.5A | Teófilo Davis Bell | 15.2A | |
| 400 metres hurdles | Jaime Aparicio | 53.35A | Juan Leiva | 53.98A | Amadeo Francis | 54.28A | |
| 3000 metre steeplechase | Eligio Galicia | 10:22.38A | Víctorio Solares | 10:51.49A | José Grenados | 11:00.80A | |
| 4 x 100 m relay | 41.06A (40.9) | 41.56A (41.3) | 42.04A (41.9) | ||||
| 4 x 400 m relay | 3:12.25A (3:12.0) | 3:17.70A (3:17.4) | 3:17.83A (3:17.7) | ||||
| High jump | Roberto López | 1.87A | Gaspar Vigo | 1.87A | Manuel Gómez | 1.85A | |
| Pole Vault | José Barbosa | 4.05A | Jorge Aguilera | 3.90A | Brígido Iriarte | 3.90A | |
| Long jump | Claudio Cabreja | 7.46A | Víctor Hernández | 7.16A | Keith Gardner | 7.02A | |
| Triple jump | Víctor Hernández | 14.86A | Claudio Cabreja | 14.51A | Gilberto Rondón | 14.18A | |
| Shot put | Ramón Rosario | 14.46A | Eduardo Adriana | 14.45A | Rafael Trompiz | 14.38A | |
| Discus throw | Mauricio Rodríguez | 40.14A | Alfonso Cruz | 39.00A | Heriberto Alonso | 38.87A | |
| Hammer throw | Luis Betancourt | 46.96A | Jaime Annexy | 46.82A | Enrique Lagoyete | 45.19A | |
| Javelin throw | Reinaldo Oliver | 67.71A | Carlos Fajer | 61.79A | Guillermo Pasalacqua | 54.97A | |
| Pentathlon | Brígido Iriarte | 2748A | Héctor Román | 2597A | Reinaldo Oliver | 2494A |
| 100 metres | Carlota Gooden | 12.32A | Hyacinth Walters | 12.34A | Julia Díaz | 12.52A | |
| 80 metres hurdles | Amalia Yubi | 12.3A | Kathleen Russell | 12.5A | Gloria Tait | 13.0A | |
| 4 x 100 m relay | 47.49A (47.3) | 48.34A (48.2) | 48.81A (48.7) | ||||
| High jump | Kathleen Russell | 1.50A | Kathleen Robotham | 1.47A | Sheila Leyva | 1.42A | |
| Discus throw | Alejandrina Herrera | 37.18A | Lili Schluter | 36.04A | Concepción Villanueva | 35.51A | |
| Javelin throw | Ana Mercedes Campos | 38.82A | Berta Chiú | 38.43A | Amalia Yubi | 37.45A |