| Above: | Athena and Phevos |
| Headerstyle: | background:#dde8ff; |
| Labelstyle: | background:#fed; |
| Header1: | Mascots of the 2004 Summer Olympics (Athens) |
| Label2: | Creator |
| Data2: | Spyros Gogos |
| Label3: | Significance |
| Data3: | Two modern children resembling ancient Greek terracotta daidala |
| Above: | Proteas |
| Headerstyle: | background:#dde8ff; |
| Labelstyle: | background:#fed; |
| Header1: | Mascots of the 2004 Summer Paralympics (Athens) |
| Label2: | Creator |
| Data2: | Spyros Gogos |
| Label3: | Significance |
| Data3: | A seahorse |
Athena and Phevos (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Αθηνά, Φοίβος; pronounced in Greek, Modern (1453-); pronounced as /aθiˈna/ and in Greek, Modern (1453-); pronounced as /ˈfivos/ were the official mascots of the 2004 Summer Olympics and Proteas (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πρωτέας, in Greek, Modern (1453-); pronounced as /proˈte.as/) was the official mascot of the 2004 Summer Paralympics, both held in Athens, Greece.[1]
Athena and Phevos are one of the few examples of anthropomorphic mascots in the history of the Olympics. According to the official mascot webpage, "their creation was inspired by an ancient Greek doll and their names are linked to ancient Greece, yet the two siblings are children of modern times - Athena and Phevos represent the link between Greek history and the modern Olympic Games."[2]
The Athens 2004 Olympic Organizing Committee claimed that the mascots represented "participation, brotherhood, equality, cooperation, fair play [and] the everlasting Greek value of human scale."
For the Paralympic Games, ATHOC subsequently requested Gogos for the creation of a new mascot along the creative lines of Athena and Phevos. He created Proteas, a seahorse that is to convey the nature of the competitions and the athletes’ constant goal of achieving excellency.[3]
The mascots have been emblazoned on a variety of items for sale, including pins, clothing and other memorabilia.
An international competition for the design of the Olympic mascots was launched by the Athens Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (ATHOC) on 26 February 2001: on 18 May 2001, ATHOC shortlisted seven proposals out of the 127 entries that met the initial requirements. The winning proposal, submitted by Spyros Gogos of Paragraph Design Limited,[4] was announced on 26 October 2001.[5]
The mascots were named after the Greek gods Athena and Apollo, Phevos being a transcription of the modern Greek pronunciation of Phoebus, an epithet of Apollo. They were loosely modeled after an archaic Greek terra cotta daidala from the 7th century BC, which was recommended by curators at the National Archaeological Museum.
Prior to the Games, a group affiliated with the Societas Hellenica Antiquariorum called the Greek Society of the Friends of the Ancients and a Hellenic polytheistic group called the Committee for the Greek Religion Dodecatheon, devoted to the preservation of ancient Greek culture, sued over the mascots, claiming that they "savagely insult" Classical Greek culture.[6] In a BBC Radio interview on June 26, 2004, Dr. Pan. Marinis, President of the Societas Hellenica Antiquariorum, said that the mascots:
"mock the spiritual values of the Hellenic Civilization by degrading these same holy personalities that were revered during the ancient Olympic Games. For these reasons we have proceeded to legal action demanding the punishment of those responsible."
The fact that the organizing committee referred to the daidala as dolls has been the cause of some controversy among scholars of Ancient Greek culture, as the daidala were religious artifacts.