Astragalus mongholicus explained

Astragalus mongholicus, synonyms including Astragalus propinquus and Astragalus membranaceus, commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English;[1] 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; huáng qí, běi qí or huáng huā huáng qí,[2] in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine.[3] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.[4]

Distribution

A. mongholicus is widespread in temperate Asia, being found in Kazakhstan, from Siberia to the Russian Far East, in Mongolia, and in west and north China.

Herbalism

A. mongholicus is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).[5] A. mongholicus is a component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis,[6] though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.[7]

Chemistry

Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides),[8] as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates.[9] It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.

Toxicology

While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium,[10] none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus mongholicus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.[11]

Compendial status

A. mongholicus is listed (as A. propinquus) in the following official pharmacopoeia:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: English Names for Korean Native Plants . . 2015 . 978-89-97450-98-5 . Pocheon . 368 . 26 January 2017 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf . 25 May 2017 .
  2. Web site: Huang qi . Complementary and Alternative Healing University . Joe Hing Kwok Chu . 2012-02-27 .
  3. Web site: Astragalus membranaceus – Moench . Plants for a Future .
  4. Web site: Astragalus propinquus Schischkin . 2012-02-27 . 2005-11-01 . LegumeWeb . International Legume Database & Information Service .
  5. Block. Keith I.. Mead. Mark N.. Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 1 September 2003. 2. 3. 247–267. 10.1177/1534735403256419. 15035888. 21465896 .
  6. Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis . 2010 . Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N . 19504468 . 10.1002/ptr.2877 . 24 . 2 . Phytother Res . 175–81. 46201817 .
  7. Guo. Ruoling. Pittler. Max H.. Ernst. Edzard. Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. December 2007. 99. 6. 483–495. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. 18219828.
  8. Xu . Q. . Ma . X. . Liang . X. . 2007 . Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry . Phytochemical Analysis . 18 . 5 . 419–427 . 17624885 . 10.1002/pca.997 . 2007PChAn..18..419X .
  9. Lin, L. Z. . He, X. G. . Lindenmaier, M. . Nolan, G. . Yang, J. . Cleary, M. . Qiu, S. X. . Cordell, G. A. . 2000 . Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus . Journal of Chromatography A . 876 . 1–2 . 87–95 . 10823504 . 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7.
  10. A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus . Phytotherapy Research . 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6 . 11 . 6 . 411–418. 1997 . Rios . J. L. . Waterman . P. G.. 84850794 . free .
  11. Web site: Astragalus . WebMD .
  12. Book: Japanese Pharmacopoeia . 15th . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105441/http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp15e/JP15.pdf . 2011-07-22.

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