Astara, Iran Explained

Official Name:Astara
Native Name:Persian: آستارا
Settlement Type:City
Pushpin Map:Iran
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Iran
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Gilan
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Astara
Subdivision Type3:District
Subdivision Name3:Central
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Meysam Alvanpour
Population As Of:2016
Population Total:51579
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone:IRST
Utc Offset:+3:30
Coordinates:38.4219°N 48.8692°W
Coordinates Footnotes:[1]

Astara (fa|آستارا; pronounced as /fa/) is a city in the Central District of Astara County, Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of both the county and the district.[2] It lies on the border with Azerbaijan Republic and on the Caspian Sea. It is an important border trade center between Iran and the Caucasus.

History

The earliest mention, under the name Astārāb, comes in the Ḥodūd al-ʿālam, written toward the end of the 10th century. In the 14th century, Astara became the seat of the small principality of the Esfahbad or Espahbad (-bod) of Gīlān. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the Ṭālešī Khans of Āstārā were either autonomous or nominally subordinate to the governors of Gīlān or Ardabīl; on several occasions they played an important role in the history of the Caspian provinces.[3] According to Minorsky, we do not know whether the later governors of Astara still continued the line of the Ispahbads. Even after the conquest of Northern Tālish by the Russians (1813) the family of the Tālish-khans retained certain rights.[4]

Astara was part of the short lived Talysh Khanate in the 18th and 19th centuries, and for a short while it was the capital of the Khanate before it was moved to Lankaran.[5] In 1828, with the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Astara was split into two. The city of Astara in Azerbaijan is located just across the Astarachay River.

Demographics

Language

Linguistic composition of the city.[6]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 40,664 in 11,436 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 48,470 people in 14,639 households.[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 51,579 people in 16,696 households.[9]

Climate

Astara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with relatively cold, wet winters and warm, humid summers. It has the most precipitation days than any other cities in Iran.

Agriculture

Rice has been cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous cultivars (landrace) were conventionally bred by farmers.[10]

Culture

Astara is home to one of the first libraries established in the country.[11]

Tourism

Astara has various attractions and is considered a major tourist destination for Iranians and foreigners, especially those from the Caucasus. The city has a selection of beaches and is near to a Temperate rainforest. Annually over six million Iranians, and six hundred thousand foreigners visit the city.[12] The most popular beaches in this city are Shariati park and Sadaf beach. Shariati beach park is located in the city, and Sadaf beach is 7 kilometers from Astara city[13]

Education

Notable people

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. ((OpenStreetMap contributors)) . Astara, Astara County. . 12 October 2024. 12 October 2024. fa.
  2. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Gilan province centered on the city of Rasht. fa. rc.majlis.ir. Islamic Parliament Research Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20161012175417/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113040. Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Habibi. Hassan. 12 October 2016. Approved 21 June 1369. 21 October 2015. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Notification 82846/T135K. 12 December 2023.
  3. Encyclopedia: ĀSTĀRĀ i. Town and sub-province. Encyclopædia Iranica. 18 August 2011. 15 December 1988. Fasc. 8. II. 837–838. Bibliotheca Persica Press. New York City. Bazin. Marcel .

    fa:مارسل بازن

    . Yarshater. Ehsan. Ehsan Yarshater. 29 January 2018.
  4. Minorsky. Vladimir. Vladimir Minorsky. A Mongol Decree of 720/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Zāhid. subscription. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. October 1954. 16. 3. 515–527. 10.1017/S0041977X00086821. SOAS, University of London. London. 159901706.
  5. Web site: دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی.
  6. Web site: 2015. Language distribution: Gilan Province. 22 March 2021. Iran Atlas.
  7. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Gilan Province. fa. The Statistical Center of Iran. amar.org.ir. 25 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083905/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/01.xls. Excel. 20 September 2011.
  8. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Gilan Province. fa. The Statistical Center of Iran. irandataportal.syr.edu. Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University. https://web.archive.org/web/20231008063316/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gilan.xls. 8 October 2023. 19 December 2022. Excel.
  9. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Gilan Province. fa. The Statistical Center of Iran. amar.org.ir. 19 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20201204200858/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_01.xlsx. Excel. 4 December 2020.
  10. Pazuki . Arman . Sohani . Mehdi . amp . 2013 . Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in 'Indica' rice cultivars . Acta Agriculturae Slovenica . 101 . 2 . 239–247 . 10.2478/acas-2013-0020 . free .
  11. Web site: Nikookaran . 25 January 2018 . 22 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130522035559/http://nikookaran.ir/Portal/Home/ShowPage.aspx?Object=Contact&CategoryID=f1a3ff2a-0a52-497e-966b-297d5d06abd8&WebPartID=a77e46f5-1402-46f2-81bc-778daaff99e6&ID=c3b86c88-5d30-4c26-913c-52e5a0161523 . dead .
  12. Web site: Untitled Page . 2018-01-25 . 2018-01-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180123014832/http://www.irna.ir/theme1/fa/pages/4.aspx . dead .
  13. Web site: ساحل صدف آستارا. zare. meysam. 2019-04-02. جاذبه های گردشگری - گیلان من. fa-IR. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404165944/https://guilaneman.ir/Tourism/astara/oyster-beach. 2019-04-04. 2019-04-06. dead.

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