Pamplona massacre explained

Pamplona massacre
Location:Pamplona, Negros Oriental, Philippines
Target:Roel Degamo
Timezone:PhST
Type:Shooting, assassination
Fatalities:10 (including the target)
Injuries:12
Motive:Under investigation, possibly politics

The Pamplona massacre was a mass shooting and assassination incident that took place at Pamplona, Negros Oriental in the Philippines. On March 4, 2023, at approximately 9:36 A.M. (PhST), a group of former members of the Philippine military stormed the residence of Roel Degamo, the governor of Negros Oriental, in Pamplona and killed Degamo, the target, as well as nine others.[1] The attack happened during the distribution of aid to the local beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Degamo was rushed to a nearby provincial hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 11:41 A.M. (PhST).[2]

An investigation was launched by Philippine authorities after the attack. Politics was considered to be the primary motive behind the attack, as Degamo was involved in a contested May 2022 gubernatorial election which saw him assuming the office for a fourth term after winning an electoral protest against Pryde Henry Teves, who was proclaimed winner of the elections. Eleven suspects were arrested by the police in multiple operations across the province. Two of the suspects named a certain 'Cong Teves' as the mastermind in an ambush interview with the media.[3] Negros Oriental 3rd District representative Arnolfo Teves Jr., who was abroad during the attack, was suspended by the House of Representatives following his failure to return to the country to face investigation. He was later expelled by the House, the first expulsion of a representative in the Fifth Republic. The Philippine Senate also launched an inquiry regarding the incident, and invited the representative via teleconferencing but ultimately withdrew due to legal uncertainties. Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla considers the representative to be the 'highest mastermind' of the attack.[4]

On February 29, 2024, the Interpol issued a red notice against Teves upon the request of the Philippines. Weeks later, on March 21, Teves was arrested in Timor-Leste by local authorities while playing golf in Dili.

Background

Roel Degamo was the governor of Negros Oriental at the time of his assassination. He became governor in January 2011, after Governor Agustin Perdices died. Perdices himself assumed the post following the death of Governor Emilio Macias II. Degamo was elected governor in 2013 and was reelected in the 2016 and 2019 elections.[5]

Degamo ran for a fourth term in 2022 election, but lost to Pryde Henry Teves who was proclaimed governor. Degamo filed an electoral protest before the Commission on Elections. A recount was made, with votes for a nuisance candidate named Ruel Degamo considered as a vote for Roel Degamo. The final tally of the recount concluded Degamo as the winner and Teves' proclamation was nullified.[5] Degamo took his oath as governor on October 5, 2022, while his rival Teves voluntarily stepped down from his position on October 11, 2022.[6] [7]

Shooting

On March 4, 2023, at approximately 9:36 a.m., Degamo was shot several times by unidentified men at his residence in Pamplona, Negros Oriental. He was distributing aid to local beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) conditional cash transfer program when the attack happened.[8] [9] He was rushed to Negros Polymedic Hospital in Sibulan, but was pronounced dead at 11:41 a.m.[10] [11] [12]

Eight other people were also killed in the shooting;[13] another died more than two months later.[14] The dead included a barangay kagawad (councilor) and another civilian who were mistaken as Degamo's bodyguards.[15]

On March 16, 2023, Degamo was interred in their family mausoleum at his hometown of Siaton.[16] [17]

Four suspects were arrested in Bayawan while another died in an encounter with state forces.[18] [19] [20]

Suspects

Eleven suspects, all former military men, are under police custody by April 3; nine of them are former personnel while others were a reservist and a trainee. Six of them were arrested while the rest surrendered.[21] [22] [23] One of those arrested was one of the alleged masterminds, former Army reservist Marvin Miranda.[24] Another suspect killed in pursuit operations was later identified as Arnil Labradilla of Bindoy, a former New People's Army rebel.[25]

Murder and frustrated murder charges were filed by Department of Justice prosecutors against four of those arrested (as listed below) as well as twelve John Does before the Tanjay Regional Trial Court (RTC); also, charges of illegal possession of firearms, ammunition, and explosives against three of them before the Bayawan RTC.[26] Those indicted over the assassination include:[27] [28] [29]

Upon request by Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla, these criminal cases were later transferred by the Supreme Court to the Manila RTC[30] wherein the cases against seven more suspects, including Miranda, were later filed.[31] A total of 39 complaints have been filed in relation to the incident: ten for murder, 17 for frustrated murder and nine for attempted murder;[32] in addition to one for illegal possession of firearms and two for illegal possession of explosives.

It was reported that there are "more or less" five other suspects.[33]

DOJ later confirmed that on August 18, charges of frustrated murder, attempted murder and murder were filed against another alleged mastermind, then-expelled Negros Oriental's third district representative Arnolfo Teves Jr., and four other individuals, before the Manila RTC. Teves and his co-accused Nigel Electona are among the members of the so-called Teves group who were earlier designated by the Anti-Terrorism Council as terrorists.[34]

Alleged mastermind

The Degamo family speculated that the killing had a political motive pointing out previous killings in the province, some dating prior to the 2022 elections, of supporters of Degamo.[35] Degamo's wife and Pamplona mayor, Janice Degamo, believed that the mastermind was "very known in the country today" but did not specify any name.[36]

Joint Task Force Negros spokesperson Major Cenon Pancito III said that the mastermind could be a former soldier.[37]

'Cong Teves'

Suspects Labrador and Rodriguez on March 9, 2023, pinned a certain "Cong Teves" as the mastermind of the shooting. They testified that they were tasked to kill the governor and was told that the provincial executive was a drug lord. They said they had not met this individual personally.[38] [39]

Among the politicians of Negros Oriental who have served as a member of the House of Representatives bearing the Teves family name were Degamo's rival Arnolfo Teves Jr., and former governor Pryde Henry Teves.[40] [39]

In a privilege speech in Congress, Talino at Galing ng Pinoy (TGP) party-list representative Jose "Bong" Teves Jr. clarified that he was not the "Cong. Teves" referred to by the suspects. He pointed out, that despite sharing his family name with the Teveses of Negros island, that his family hails from Catanduanes in the Bicol Region.[41]

Arnolfo Teves Jr.

Earlier, to dispel speculations that he was involved in the killing, Arnolfo Teves Jr. said he was undergoing stem cell treatment in the United States at the time of the attack and therefore could not have planned the assassination.[42] He also pointed out that his brother Pryde Henry could not replace Degamo as governor and that the vice governor was his only suitable successor by law.[43]

Following Degamo's killing, Teves Jr. refused to go home to the Philippines, citing concerns over his safety. By April 2023, his whereabouts became unknown, with the Department of Justice saying he was in Cambodia, and Senator Joel Villanueva saying he was sighted in South Korea.[44] [45]

On May 9, Teves had an application to seek political asylum in Timor Leste rejected.[46] The following day the Department of Justice was informed that a blue notice was issued against him by Interpol.[47] On July 26, 2023, the Anti-Terrorism Council designated him, his brother Pryde Henry and 11 others as terrorists due to their links to "alleged killings and harassments," including Degamo's murder, in Negros Oriental.[48] This was the first time the council designated an elected official as a terrorist.[49] In response, Teves criticized President Bongbong Marcos, First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos, several members of his cabinet, House Speaker Martin Romualdez and others in an online press conference for using his case to distract from other issues in the country, while his lawyer called his terrorist designation an "overreaction".[50]

On August 18, charges related to the incident were filed against Teves at Manila RTC. Teves is also facing another, separate murder complaint over the deaths of three individuals in 2019.[51] On 5 September, the court released an arrest warrant for Teves over Degamo's murder.[52] As of 13 September, the Justice Department believes that Teves is in hiding somewhere in Southeast Asia, purportedly under the protection of local warlords.[53] Teves' passport was ordered cancelled by the court on February 9, 2024.[54] A Red Notice was placed on him by Interpol on February 29.[55]

On March 21, 2024, Teves was arrested by the Interpol, National Central Bureau of Dili, and East Timorese Police in Dili.[56] In a conference with the media after the arrest, the Department of Justice acknowledges that the Philippines has no extradition treaty with Timor-Leste, so they are using other channels to bring Teves back to the country as soon as possible.[57]

On April 18, "Teves, Jr.’s son offered a $2,000 (around P114,000) bribe to a member of Timor Leste’s Criminal Investigation Police “in exchange for ‘security’ inside and outside Becora Prison, in Dili,” the Department of Justice said. “On the contrary, it was the officer who demanded money from my client’s son,” reported lawyer Ferdinand Topacio who refuted the allegations.[58] [59]

Investigation

The Degamo family was open to suspects being placed under the government's witness protection program (WPP), to aid the investigation on the case.[60] Two suspects were placed under the WPP.[29]

Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla also disclosed that they retrieved a video of the suspects discussing the planning of the assassination.[61]

Senate hearing

The Senate Public Order and Dangerous Drugs Committee launched a probe on Degamo's killing. The first public hearing was held on April 17, 2023.[62]

Arnolfo Teves Jr. was to join via video teleconferencing but senators disproved his participation over uncertainty of whether he would be legally able to testify under oath.[63] Senator Francis Tolentino pointed out that Teves could be able to testify under oath in future hearings by appearing physically in one of the Philippines' diplomatic missions and a military attaché could enforce a contempt order when needed.[62] Senator Ronald dela Rosa initially allowed Teves to participate virtually, which was opposed by Janice Degamo, who believed it would be unfair to those would attend physically to give a 'fugitive' such accommodation.[64]

Response

President Bongbong Marcos attended Degamo's wake and vowed to "bring justice" in Negros Oriental.[60] Marcos and other governors from other provinces condemned the killing.[65] Marcos ordered the formation of a special panel of prosecutors to look into killings in Negros Oriental including Degamo's assassination.[66]

Interior Secretary Benhur Abalos issued a directive calling for the replacement of all police personnel in Negros Oriental following the assassination.[28]

The Commission on Elections vowed faster resolution of election-related protests after Senator Risa Hontiveros said that the Teves–Degamo electoral protest was related to the assassination.[67] Senate President Migz Zubiri described the shooting as an act of political terrorism.[68]

The Region 7 office of the Department of Social Welfare and Development provided worth of financial assistance to survivors and relatives of those who died from the attack.[69]

On August 16, 2023, Arnolfo Teves Jr. was unanimously expelled by the House of Representatives due to his abandonment of duty, prolonged absence, and "indecent behavior on social media." With this, he became the first expelled representative since the ratification of the 1987 Constitution that restored the Congress.[70] In response, Teves' lawyer called the body a "kangaroo court".[71]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2023-05-29 . BREAKING: Negros Oriental Governor Dead At 56 After An Armed Attack News and Updates . https://web.archive.org/web/20230529155449/https://www.thenegrostimes.com/article/breaking-negros-oriental-governor-dead-at-56-after-an-armed-attack-news-and-updates . dead . 2023-05-29 . 2023-10-21 . The Negros Times web.archive.org.
  2. News: Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo killed in attack. Rappler. March 4, 2023. June 5, 2023. March 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304062947/https://www.rappler.com/nation/visayas/negros-oriental-governor-roel-degamo-attack-march-4-2023/. live.
  3. News: Suspects say 'Cong Teves' ordered hit on Degamo. March 9, 2023. June 5, 2023. GMA News Online. June 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230606021018/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/863369/suspects-say-cong-teves-ordered-hit-on-degamo/story/. live.
  4. News: Teves considered 'highest mastermind' in Degamo slay. Cayabyab. Marc Jayson. April 4, 2023. June 5, 2023. Philstar. June 5, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605074033/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/04/04/2256721/teves-considered-highest-mastermind-degamo-slay. live.
  5. News: Who is Roel Degamo, the slain Negros Oriental governor? . March 11, 2023 . Rappler . March 4, 2023 . March 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230306220948/https://www.rappler.com/nation/visayas/things-to-know-roel-degamo-killed-negros-oriental-governor/ . live .
  6. Web site: 2 governors fighting over Negros Oriental seat . October 7, 2022 . . October 7, 2022 . October 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221007000748/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1676440/2-governors-fighting-over-negros-oriental-seat . live .
  7. Web site: Mary Judaline . Partlow . Teves steps down as 'governor' of Negros Oriental . October 11, 2022 . . October 12, 2022 . October 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221012054422/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1185911 . live .
  8. News: Negros Oriental governor shot inside home by group of men. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304065511/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/3/4/negros-oriental-governor-shot-in-home.html. dead. March 4, 2023. Seth. Cabanban. CNN Philippines. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023.
  9. News: Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo, others hurt in shooting —police. GMA Integrated News. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304065523/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/862785/negros-oriental-governor-roel-degamo-others-hurt-in-shooting-police/story/. live.
  10. News: Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo killed in attack. Rappler. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304062947/https://www.rappler.com/nation/visayas/negros-oriental-governor-roel-degamo-attack-march-4-2023/. live.
  11. News: 6 key developments on the shooting incident that killed Negros Oriental Governor Roel Degamo. SunStar. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304064722/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1955088/cebu/local-news/6-key-developments-on-the-shooting-incident-that-killed-negros-oriental-governor-roel-degamo. dead.
  12. News: Negros Oriental governor, 5 others dead in broad daylight shooting. Tara. Yap. Manila Bulletin. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. March 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230304052140/https://mb.com.ph/2023/03/04/negros-oriental-governor-ambushed/. live.
  13. News: Death toll in Negros Oriental shooting rises to 9; 14 others hurt . Alex . Pal . . March 4, 2023 . March 5, 2023 . March 4, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230304173632/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1738366/death-toll-in-negros-oriental-shooting-rises-to-9-14-others-hurt . live .
  14. News: Argosino . Faith . Another victim of Pamplona massacre dies; death toll climbs to 10 . 7 May 2023 . Inquirer.net . 8 May 2023 . May 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230508013300/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1766053/another-victim-of-pamplona-massacre-dies-death-toll-climbs-to-10 . live .
  15. News: Espina . Marchel . 2 victims of Pamplona massacre mistaken for bodyguards of governor . 19 March 2023 . SunStar . 13 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319003153/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1955885/bacolod/local-news/2-victims-of-pamplona-massacre-mistaken-for-bodyguards-of-governor . live .
  16. News: Brier . Kaye . Cries of justice ring out in Degamo burial . 19 March 2023 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 17 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319004107/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1744123/cries-of-justice-ring-out-in-degamo-burial . live .
  17. News: Lomotan . Roi Anthoni . Slain NegOr guv laid to rest . 17 April 2023 . Philippine Information Agency . 17 March 2023 . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417231242/https://pia.gov.ph/news/2023/03/17/slain-negor-guv-laid-to-rest . live .
  18. Web site: Cruz . Tonyo . March 4, 2023 . "The Negros Times" reports that former Army tagged as shooters in the ambush that killed Gov. Roel Degamo and other civilians have been arrested en route to Bayawan City in Negros Oriental. . 2023-03-25 . Twitter . en . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025025/https://twitter.com/tonyocruz/status/1631957777055907844?s=46&t=34RDSF_IwEYeT6bf5PVZnQ . live .
  19. News: PNP: One suspect in Degamo assassination killed in encounter; death toll now 9 . . . March 5, 2023 . March 5, 2023 . March 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230305031103/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/862838/pnp-one-suspect-in-degamo-assassination-killed-in-encounter-death-toll-now-9/story/ . live .
  20. News: 5th suspect in murder of Negros Oriental governor nabbed . Alex . Pal . . March 5, 2023 . March 6, 2023 . March 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230305175418/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1738725/5th-suspect-in-murder-of-negros-oriental-governor-nabbed . live .
  21. News: Patag . Kristine Joy . Another suspect, tagged as main player in the killing of Degamo, surrenders . March 20, 2023 . Philstar.com . March 20, 2023 . March 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320053058/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/20/2253061/another-suspect-tagged-main-player-killing-degamo-surrenders . live .
  22. News: Macasero . Ryan . Teves' bodyguard a 'co-mastermind' in Degamo slay, says gov't task force . April 3, 2023 . Rappler . April 3, 2023 . April 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230403114429/https://www.rappler.com/nation/government-task-force-report-co-mastermind-degamo-killing/ . live .
  23. News: Patag . Kristine Joy . Remulla: Four new suspects in Degamo killing surrender . March 21, 2023 . Philstar.com . March 21, 2023 . March 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230321111840/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/21/2253366/remulla-four-new-suspects-degamo-killing-surrender . live .
    News: Argosino . Faith . 10 suspects in Degamo killing now under police custody, says DILG chief . March 22, 2023 . Inquirer.net . March 22, 2023 . March 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230322180905/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1746605/10-suspects-in-degamo-killing-now-under-police-custody-says-dilg-chief . live .
  24. News: Gerg . Cahiles . Degamo's widow says nabbed 'mastermind' had plans to kill gov since 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230403003704/http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/4/2/Degamo-widow-mastermind-plans-since-2020.html . dead . April 3, 2023 . April 2, 2023 . CNN Philippines . April 3, 2023.
  25. News: Degamo slay suspect killed in pursuit operations identified as ex-rebel . March 16, 2023 . Rappler . March 16, 2023 . March 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230316020835/https://www.rappler.com/nation/suspect-degamo-slay-killed-pursuit-operations-identified-ex-rebel/ . live .
  26. News: Hachero . Ashzel . DOJ: 4 suspects in gov's slay case agree to help probers . March 8, 2023 . Malaya Business Insight . March 16, 2023 . March 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230316161611/https://malaya.com.ph/news_news/doj-4-suspects-in-govs-slay-case-agree-to-help-probers/ . live .
  27. News: Patag . Kristine Joy . Criminal raps filed vs 3 suspects in Degamo killing . March 8, 2023 . The Philippine Star . March 6, 2023 . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308153510/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/06/2249705/criminal-raps-filed-vs-3-suspects-degamo-killing . live .
  28. News: Abalos orders replacement of all police personnel in Negros Oriental after Degamo slay . March 8, 2023 . GMA News . March 8, 2023 . en.
  29. News: 2 of 4 arrested suspects in Pamplona Massacre turned over to Witness Protection Program . March 11, 2023 . Cebu Daily News . Philippine Daily Inquirer . March 7, 2023 . en . March 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311052812/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/492328/2-of-4-arrested-suspects-in-pamplona-massacre-turned-over-to-witness-protection-program . live .
  30. News: Casilao . Joahna Lei . Supreme Court OKs transfer of Degamo cases to Manila RTC . March 8, 2023 . GMA News Online . March 16, 2023 . March 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230314150351/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/863809/supreme-court-oks-transfer-of-degamo-cases-to-manila-rtc/story/ . live .
  31. News: Navallo . Mike . Alleged mastermind in Degamo slay faces multiple murder raps . April 5, 2023 . ABS-CBN News . April 15, 2023 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416003040/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/05/23/alleged-degamo-slay-mastermind-faces-multiple-murder-raps . live .
  32. News: Despite recantations, evidence vs Degamo suspects strong – PNP . Emmanuel . Tupas . . July 8, 2023 . July 8, 2023 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707180115/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/07/08/2279471/despite-recantations-evidence-vs-degamo-suspects-strong-pnp . live .
  33. News: Remaining suspects in Degamo slay still in Negros —police . March 11, 2023 . GMA News . March 7, 2023 . en . March 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311051746/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/863021/remaining-suspects-in-degamo-slay-still-in-negros-police/story/ . live .
  34. News: Murder raps filed vs Teves . Franco Jose . Baroña . . August 27, 2023 . August 27, 2023 . May 23, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523001243/https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/08/27/news/murder-raps-filed-vs-teves/1907128 . live .
  35. News: Sararaña . Pegeen . Degamo family eyes politics as motive in killing of Negros Oriental governor . March 8, 2023 . Cebu Daily News . Philippine Daily Inquirer . March 6, 2023 . en . March 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307171258/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/492051/degamo-family-eyes-politics-as-motive-in-killing-of-negros-oriental-governor . live .
  36. News: Mayor has idea on who masterminded Negros Oriental governor's slay . March 8, 2023 . ABS-CBN News . March 6, 2023 . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308152934/https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/news/03/06/23/mayor-has-idea-on-who-masterminded-negros-oriental-governors-slay . live .
  37. News: Degamo slay brains believed to be former soldier . 19 March 2023 . Cebu Daily News . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 13 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319004606/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/493108/degamo-slay-brains-believed-to-be-former-soldier . live .
  38. Web site: WATCH Cong. Arnulfo Teves, Jr. gintudlo sang 2 ka suspects nga mastermind sa pagpatay kay Negros Oriental Gov. Roel Degamo – Aksyon Radyo Iloilo . 2023-03-25 . en-US . March 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211319/https://www.aksyonradyoiloilo.com.ph/2023/03/10/cong-arnulfo-teves-jr-gintudlo-sang-2-ka-suspects-nga-mastermind-sa-pagpatay-kay-negros-oriental-gov-roel-degamo/ . live .
  39. News: Suspects say 'Cong Teves' ordered hit on Degamo . 19 March 2023 . GMA News . 9 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319005259/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/863369/suspects-say-cong-teves-ordered-hit-on-degamo/story/ . live .
  40. Web site: Manalaysay . Mike . Karibal sa pulitika ng napatay na gobernador, nagsalita na. Mga naarestong suspek sinampahan na ng kaso . 2023-03-25 . arkipelagonews.com . en . March 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211624/https://arkipelagonews.com/nation/karibal-sa-pulitika-ng-napatay-na-gobernador-nagsalita-na-mga-naarestong-suspek-sinampahan-na-ng-kaso . live .
  41. News: Lalu . Gabriel Pabico . TGP rep: I'm not the Teves linked to Degamo killing . 19 March 2023 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 15 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319005901/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1743457/tgp-rep-im-not-the-teves-linked-to-degamo-killing . live .
  42. News: Vigilia . Wendell . House to Teves: Show up today or face sanctions . 17 April 2023 . Malaya Business Insights . 20 March 2023 . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417133702/https://malaya.com.ph/news_news/house-to-teves-show-up-today-or-face-sanctions/ . live .
  43. News: Bayoran . Gilbert . Political rival says nothing to gain from Degamo killing . March 8, 2023 . The Philippine Star . March 7, 2023 . March 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307102638/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/07/2249839/political-rival-says-nothing-gain-degamo-killing . live .
  44. News: Chi . Cristina . Teves still refuses to return to the country amid terrorist tag threat . 17 April 2023 . The Philippine Star . 17 April 2023 . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417134907/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/04/17/2259591/teves-still-refuses-return-country-amid-terrorist-tag-threat . live .
  45. News: Sarao . Zacarian . Teves still mum about his whereabouts . 17 April 2023 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 17 April 2023 . en . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417133406/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1757608/teves-still-mum-on-his-whereabouts . live .
  46. News: Timor-Leste denies Teves' application for political asylum . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509125502/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/5/9/Teves-to-seek-asylum-in-Timor-Leste-.html . dead . May 9, 2023 . 10 May 2023 . CNN Philippines . 9 May 2023 . en.
  47. News: Casilao . Joahna Lei . Interpol notice issued vs. Arnie Teves, says Remulla . 10 May 2023 . GMA News . 10 May 2023 . en . May 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230510164539/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/869609/interpol-notice-issued-vs-arnie-teves-says-remulla/story/ . live .
  48. News: Anti-Terrorism Council designates Arnie Teves, 12 others as terrorists. Joviland. Rita. GMA Integrated News. August 1, 2023. August 1, 2023. August 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230801011113/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/877515/anti-terrorism-council-designates-arnie-teves-12-others-as-terrorists/story/. live.
  49. News: Anti-Terrorism Council defends tagging Teves as terrorist . August 1, 2023 . Rappler . August 2, 2023 . August 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230802151958/https://www.rappler.com/nation/anti-terrorism-council-defends-tagging-arnie-teves-terrorist/ . live .
  50. News: Pushed into a corner, 'terrorist' Teves blasts Marcos, other officials, media . Dwight . de Leon . Rappler . August 1, 2023 . August 2, 2023 . August 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230802064704/https://www.rappler.com/nation/arnie-teves-hits-marcos-other-officials-media-after-terrorist-designation-august-2023/ . live .
  51. News: Teves charged with murder in Degamo slay, DOJ says . Kristine . Daguno–Bersamina . Philstar.com . August 26, 2023 . August 26, 2023 . August 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230826173949/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/08/26/2291563/teves-charged-murder-degamo-slay-doj-says/ . live .
  52. News: Warrant of arrest out vs Teves over Degamo slay . ABS-CBN . 5 September 2023 . 5 September 2023 . September 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230905104921/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/05/23/arrest-warrant-out-vs-teves-over-degamo-slay . live .
  53. News: Teves, nanatili sa Southeast Asia, protektado ng warlords: DOJ . ABS-CBN . 13 September 2023 . 13 September 2023 . September 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230915070012/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/13/23/doj-teves-nasa-southeast-asia-protektado-ng-warlords . live .
  54. News: Ayalin . Adrian . NBI told to find Teves as court orders cancellation of passport . 9 February 2024 . ABS-CBN . 9 February 2024 . February 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240209142338/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/2/9/nbi-told-to-find-teves-as-court-orders-cancellation-of-passport-1928 . live .
  55. News: February 28, 2024 . Interpol's Red Notice out vs fugitive Arnie Teves – DOJ . . February 28, 2024 . February 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228103733/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/doj-says-interpol-red-notice-out-fugitive-arnie-teves/ . live .
  56. News: Casilao . Joahna Lei . Arnie Teves arrested in Timor-Leste —DOJ . . March 21, 2024 . March 21, 2024 . March 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321161000/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/901305/doj-arnie-teves-arrested-in-timor-leste/story/ . live .
  57. News: DOJ: Teves to return to PH through repatriation or deportation. March 22, 2024. Regional TV Weekend News. March 22, 2024. May 23, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240523001245/https://www.gmanetwork.com/regionaltv/news/101059/doj-teves-to-return-to-ph-through-repatriation-or-deportation/story/. live.
  58. News: Bolledo . Jairo . Arnie Teves son bribed Timor-Leste police for father’s special treatment – DOJ . April 21, 2024 . . April 18, 2024 . April 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421061304/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/doj-says-arnie-teves-son-bribed-timor-leste-police-father-special-treatment/ . live .
  59. News: Bautista. Jane. Teves lawyer disputes DOJ account of Timor-Leste ‘bribery’. April 21, 2024. April 21, 2024. April 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240421061314/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/232652/teves-lawyer-disputes-doj-account-of-timor-leste-bribery. live.
  60. News: Tomacruz . Sofia . Marcos visits Degamo's wake, vows justice in Negros Oriental . March 8, 2023 . Rappler . March 8, 2023 . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308153837/https://www.rappler.com/nation/visayas/marcos-jr-visits-degamo-wake-vows-justice-negros-oriental/ . live .
  61. News: 5 key updates on the investigation into the Degamo assassination . March 8, 2023 . Sunstar . March 8, 2023 . en . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308153510/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1955502/manila/local-news/5-key-updates-on-the-investigation-into-the-degamo-assassination . live .
  62. News: Senators thumb down Teves' appeal to virtually join Senate probe on Degamo killing . 17 April 2023 . Manila Bulletin . 17 April 2023 . en . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417134633/https://mb.com.ph/2023/4/17/senators-thumb-down-teves-appeal-to-virtually-join-senate-probe-on-degamo-killing . live .
  63. News: Bordey . Hana . Senate panel blocks Arnie Teves' virtual attendance in Degamo killing probe . 17 April 2023 . GMA News . 17 April 2023 . en . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417134633/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/867146/senate-panel-blocks-arnie-teves-virtual-attendance-in-degamo-killing-probe/story/ . live .
  64. News: Border . Hana . Degamo's wife dismayed over Bato's decision to allow Teves to virtually attend Senate probe . 17 April 2023 . GMA News . 14 April 2023 . en . April 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417134940/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/866951/degamo-s-wife-dismayed-over-bato-s-decision-to-allow-teves-to-virtually-attend-senate-probe/story/ . live .
  65. News: Palaubsanon . Mitchelle . Antojado-Orillaneda . Le Phyllis F. . Marcos condemns Degamo killing, assures justice . March 8, 2023 . The Freeman . The Philippine Star . March 5, 2023 . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308153836/https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2023/03/05/2249434/marcos-condemns-degamo-killing-assures-justice . live .
  66. News: Casilao . Joahna Lei . Marcos orders formation of panel of prosecutors for Negros Oriental killings . 19 March 2023 . GMA News . 14 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319004829/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/863859/marcos-orders-formation-of-panel-of-prosecutors-for-negros-oriental-killings/story/ . live .
  67. News: Patag . Kristine Joy . After Degamo slay, Comelec vows faster resolution of poll protests . March 11, 2023 . The Philippine Star . March 8, 2023 . March 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311054139/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/08/2250187/after-degamo-slay-comelec-vows-faster-resolution-poll-protests . live .
  68. News: Zubiri on Pamplona massacre: This is political terrorism . 19 March 2023 . Cebu Daily News . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 7 March 2023 . en . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319003449/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/492326/zubiri-on-pamplona-massacre-this-is-political-terrorism . live .
  69. News: Tilos . Jennifer . DSWD7 extends over P513k aid to Pamplona massacre victims, survivors . 19 March 2023 . Philippine Information Agency . 15 March 2023 . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319003852/https://pia.gov.ph/news/2023/03/15/dswd7-extends-over-p513k-aid-to-pamplona-massacre-victims-survivors . live .
  70. Web site: De Leon . Dwight . In historic first, House expels congressman Arnie Teves . Rappler . 16 August 2023 . August 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230816110346/https://www.rappler.com/nation/house-representatives-expels-arnolfo-arnie-teves-jr/ . live .
  71. News: Teves camp calls House panel 'kangaroo court' after solon's expulsion . ABS-CBN . August 16, 2023 . August 16, 2023 . August 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230816124516/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/16/23/teves-camp-calls-house-panel-kangaroo-court-after-expulsion . live .

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