Book: American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. 2002. Ivie . Michael A.. Arnett . Ross H. Jr.. Thomas . Michael C.. Skelley . Paul E.. Frank . J. Howard. CRC Press. Family 105: Zopheridae Solier, 1834. 457–462. 978-0-8493-0954-0.