| Ashraf Ali Khan | |
| Succession: | Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Bihar |
| Reign: | 10 March 1770 – 24 March 1770 |
| Coronation: | 21 March 1770 |
| Full Name: | Sayyid Ashraf 'Ali Khan |
| Birth Date: | c. 1759 |
| Birth Place: | Murshidabad, Bengal, British India |
| Death Date: | 24 March 1770 |
| Death Place: | Namak Haram Deorhi, Bengal, British India |
| Burial Place: | Jafarganj, West Bengal, India |
| Predecessor: | Najabat Ali Khan |
| Successor: | Mubarak Ali Khan |
| Queen: | Sakina Begum |
| Issue: | Sharif ud-din 'Ali Khan (one son and three daughters) |
| Dynasty: | Najafi |
| Father: | Mir Jafar |
| Mother: | Rahat un-Nisa Begum |
| Religion: | Shia Islam |
Sayyid Ashraf 'Ali Khan Bahadur (Bengali: আশরাফ আলী খান; before 1759 – 24 March 1770), was Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Bihar. He was the fourth son of Mir Jafar.
He was adopted by his aunt, Nafisat un-Nisa Begum Sahiba (Manjhli Begum). On 11 March 1770, he was proclaimed as Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Bihar on the death of his elder brother Najabat Ali Khan. He was formally installed on the Khahar Balish, at Murshidabad Fort, 21 March 1770.
But shortly he died of smallpox, at Murshidabad Fort, 24 March 1770.