| Honorific Prefix: | Honourable |
| Ashok Kumar Rai | |
| Native Name: | अशोककुमार राई |
| Native Name Lang: | ne |
| Office3: | Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha |
| Term Start3: | 22 December 2022 |
| Predecessor3: | Jay Kumar Rai |
| Constituency3: | Sunsari 1 |
| Termstart4: | October 1994 |
| Termend4: | May 1999 |
| Predecessor4: | Kul Prasad Sharma |
| Successor4: | Shiva Kumar Basnet |
| Constituency4: | Khotang 2 |
| Termstart5: | May 1991 |
| Termend5: | August 1994 |
| Predecessor5: | Constituency established |
| Successor5: | Constituency abolished |
| Constituency5: | Khotang 3 |
| Office6: | Member of for |
| Termstart6: | 21 January 2014 |
| Termend6: | 14 October 2018 |
| Birth Date: | 30 August 1957 |
| Birth Place: | Udayapur District, Nepal |
| Party: | Janata Samajbadi |
| Otherparty: | CPN (UML) (until 2012) FSP (2012–2015) FSF-N (2015–2019) |
| Office: | chairman of People's Socialist Party |
| Predecessor: | position established |
| Termstart: | 6 June 2024 |
| Office1: | Minister of Education, Science and Technology |
| President1: | Ram Chandra Paudel |
| Primeminister1: | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
| Termstart1: | 31 March 2023 |
| Termend1: | 6 March 2024 |
| Successor1: | Sumana Shrestha |
| Vicepresident1: | Ram Sahaya Yadav |
| Predecessor1: | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
Ashok Kumar Rai (Nepali: अशोककुमार राई) is a Nepalese politician and the chairman of newly formed People's Socialist Party. Rai is also the current MP for Sunsari 1.
Rai is the current Minister for Science, Education and Technology of Nepal.
He was previously the vice-chairman of CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist) before he broke off with other indigenous leaders in the party to form the Federal Socialist Party.[1] He later merged the party with Madheshi Janaadhikar Forum and Khas Samabesi Party to form the Federal Socialist Forum.[2]
He was elected to the House of Representatives from Sunsari 1 at the 2022 general elections. He had previously served as an MP from Khotang 2 and Khotang 3 after being elected at the 1991 and 1994 elections respectively. He was also elected as a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly from the Federal Socialist Party list.[3]