| Honorific Prefix: | Honourable |
| Ashok Kumar Rai | |
| Native Name: | अशोककुमार राई |
| Native Name Lang: | ne |
| Office3: | Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha |
| Term Start3: | 22 December 2022 |
| Predecessor3: | Jay Kumar Rai |
| Constituency3: | Sunsari 1 |
| Termstart4: | October 1994 |
| Termend4: | May 1999 |
| Predecessor4: | Kul Prasad Sharma |
| Successor4: | Shiva Kumar Basnet |
| Constituency4: | Khotang 2 |
| Termstart5: | May 1991 |
| Termend5: | August 1994 |
| Predecessor5: | Constituency established |
| Successor5: | Constituency abolished |
| Constituency5: | Khotang 3 |
| Office6: | Member of for |
| Termstart6: | 21 January 2014 |
| Termend6: | 14 October 2018 |
| Birth Date: | 30 August 1957 |
| Birth Place: | Udayapur District, Nepal |
| Party: | Janata Samajbadi |
| Otherparty: | CPN (UML) (until 2012) FSP (2012–2015) FSF-N (2015–2019) |
| Office: | chairman of People's Socialist Party |
| Predecessor: | position established |
| Termstart: | 6 June 2024 |
| Office1: | Minister of Education, Science and Technology |
| President1: | Ram Chandra Paudel |
| Primeminister1: | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
| Termstart1: | 31 March 2023 |
| Termend1: | 6 March 2024 |
| Successor1: | Sumana Shrestha |
| Vicepresident1: | Ram Sahaya Yadav |
| Predecessor1: | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
Ashok Kumar Rai (ne|अशोककुमार राई) is a Nepalese politician and chairman of the newly formed People's Socialist Party. Rai is also the current MP for Sunsari 1 and the current Minister for Science, Education and Technology of Nepal.
He was previously the vice-chairman of CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist) before he broke off with other indigenous leaders in the party to form the Federal Socialist Party.[1] He later merged the party with Madheshi Janaadhikar Forum and Khas Samabesi Party to form the Federal Socialist Forum.[2]
He was elected to the House of Representatives from Sunsari 1 at the 2022 general elections. He had previously served as an MP from Khotang 2 and Khotang 3 after being elected at the 1991 and 1994 elections, respectively. He was also elected as a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly from the Federal Socialist Party list.[3]