Asaphodes stinaria explained

Asaphodes stinaria is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has previously been observed in both the North and South Islands. The range of this species has contracted and it has recently only been located in Westland, Otago and Southland. This species inhabits wetlands, tussock country, and in grassy openings in native forest. The larval host species has been hypothesised as being 'hairy' Ranunculus species however as at 2000 this hasn't been confirmed. It is classified as Nationally Vulnerable by the Department of Conservation. There has been considerable reductions of the range of this species with it possibly becoming extinct in eastern parts of New Zealand.

Taxonomy

A. stinaria was first described by Achille Guenée in 1868 from a specimen collected in Canterbury by Richard William Fereday.[1] Guenée named the species Camptogramma stinaria.[2] In 1898 George Vernon Hudson subsequently placed this species within the genus Xanthorhoe.[3] In 1971 John S. Dugdale assigned Xanthorhoe stinaria to the genus Asaphodes.[4] He confirmed this placement in 1988.[1] The male holotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.

Description

Guenée described the species as follows:

Distribution

A. stinaria is endemic to New Zealand.[5] [6] This species has historically occurred in the following areas but has not been located there recently: Taupo, Hawkes Bay, North Canterbury, Mid Canterbury, South Canterbury, Dunedin and Fiordland. Areas where it has been located recently include Westland, Central Otago, Otago Lakes and Southland.[7]

Ecology and habitat

Adults of the species emerge during the months of November until March with December being the most common month in which the adult moth has been collected. A. stinaria has been found in wetlands,[8] tussock country,[9] open non-forest habitat as well as grassy openings in forested habitat.[10] [11]

Host plants

Fereday is recorded to have stated that this species frequented Carex subdola.[12] It is currently thought that A. stinaria is associated with a 'hairy' Ranunculus species.[13] However at present the name of the specific host species is unconfirmed.

Conservation status

This species has considerably reduced its range in recent times. It is regarded as possibly becoming extinct in the eastern parts of New Zealand. The moth has therefore been classified under the New Zealand Threat Classification system as being Nationally Vulnerable.[14] It has been suggested that the decline of this moth is as a result of habitat destruction and the overgrazing of its possible host plant.

Notes and References

  1. Dugdale. J. S.. 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand. 14. 174. 1 May 2018. 27 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190127012448/https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/26324/FNZ14Dugdale1988.pdf. dead.
  2. Guenée. A.. 1868. New species of heterocerous Lepidoptera from Canterbury, New Zealand collected by Mr. R.W. Fereday.. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. en. 5. 92. 0013-8908. Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  3. Book: Hudson, G. V.. New Zealand moths and butterflies (macro-lepidoptera). Newman & Co.. 1898. London. 60. 10.5962/bhl.title.7912. George Hudson (entomologist).
  4. Dugdale. J. S.. 1971. Entomology of the Aucklands and other islands south of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, excluding non-crambine Pyralidae. Pacific Insects Monograph. 27. 55–172.
  5. Web site: Asaphodes stinaria (Guenee, 1868). www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. 2018-05-02.
  6. 459.
  7. Book: Conservation status of the New Zealand Lepidoptera.. Patrick. Brian. Dugdale. John S.. Department of Conservation. 2000. 0478218672. Wellington, New Zealand. 20.
  8. Patrick. Brian. 2014. Ecology and conservation of the rare moth Asaphodes frivola Meyrick. Weta. 47. 17–38.
  9. Pawson. Stephen M.. Emberson. Rowan M.. 2000. The conservation status of invertebrates in Canterbury. Conservation Advisory Science Notes. en. 10182/1658. 1171-9834.
  10. Book: Sherley. Greg. Important Conservation research topics on terrestrial arthropod species in New Zealand.. August 1989. Department of Conservation. 2 May 2018.
  11. Web site: Invertebrate services within Cape to City and comparison of environmental DNA with conventional invertebrate community monitoring: Research Synthesis 2015/2016. Watts. C.. 2016. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. 13 May 2018.
  12. Meyrick. Edward. A Monograph of the New Zealand Geometrina.. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1884. 16. 49–113. 2 May 2018. en.
  13. November 2005 . Mt Aspiring Station Conservation Resources Report Part 1 . Department of Conservation. 1–62. 2 May 2018 .
  14. Book: Conservation status of New Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015. Hoare. R.J.B.. Dugdale. J.S.. Edwards. E.D.. Gibbs. G.W.. Patrick. B.H.. Hitchmough. R.A.. Rolfe. J.R.. New Zealand Department of Conservation. 2017. 9781988514383. Wellington, New Zealand. 6.