| Asa Matsuoka | |
| Birth Date: | 11 July 1893 |
| Birth Place: | Kyōbashi, Tokyo |
| Death Place: | Uchisaiwaicho, Tokyo |
| Other Names: | Asahi Matsuoka Akemi Matsuoka |
| Known For: | Chairman of UNICEF Japan |
| Occupation: | Social Worker |
| Spouse: | Masatsugu Suzuki (m. 1914; div 1918) |
| Parents: | Kenichi Matsuoka (father) Sachi Matsuoka (mother) |
was a Japanese philanthropist and cultural ambassador best known as the founder and first chairman of the UNICEF National Committee for Japan. She was born in Kyōbashi-ku, Tokyo (now part of Chuo-ku), on 11 July 1893, and was the first Japanese woman to earn a PhD from an American university.[1] [2]
Born in 1893 (Meiji 26), Asa was the third daughter of Kenichi Matsuoka, a successful merchant in Tokyo known for donating to build a bridge between Fujisawa and the tidal island of Enoshima. Kenichi embraced the concept of Bunmei Kaika[3] [4] or the contrast between Japan's traditional roots infused with a new Western veneer.
Kenichi believed in gender equality and raised his family liberally, sending Asa and her sisters to Kyoritsu Girls' School and providing them with English tutors, while her mother Sachi insisted on a traditional Japanese education in chado, ikebana, shamisen, and Japanese culture, which would serve Asa well in her later overseas travels.[5]
When Asa was 21, her younger brother Kengo died as a result of complications from injuries sustained at Mt Fuji. Asa would remember her father's promise to her brother, telling him that he would devote his life to the welfare of children, and encouraged Asa to follow the same path. That same year, Asa would marry an influential bureaucrat, Masatsugu Suzuki, whom she would divorce 3 years later due to irreconcilable differences. Asa would relate that her dream to continue her studiesproved to be the separation point in their relationship.
Emboldened by the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, Asa would seek sponsorship from the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, then prominent for their support of universal suffrage, and board a ship bound for America to attend Northwestern University in 1922.[6]
Completing remedial studies at Northwestern, Asa began attending Barnard College at Columbia when the Great Kanto earthquake struck Tokyo in 1923. Asa's family's business suffered from the resulting economic downturn and was unable to afford the cost of tuition. Asa, determined to complete her studies, decided to sell her kimono and jewelry. Luckily, she consulted with a trusted friend who introduced her to a collector of Japanese art who would lead to an introduction to Bashford Dean of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Dean was impressed by Asa's knowledge of traditional Japanese arts, and hired Asa to identify and catalog their growing collection in Japanese Art.[7]
Obtaining a master's degree from Barnard in 1927, Asa returned to Japan to prepare for her PhD and was invited to speak at the Tokyo National Museum, gaining the attention of Princess Shoko, the granddaughter of Iwakura Tomomi, whose family were longtime patrons of cultural exchange and international education, and who led the diplomatically significant 1871 Iwakura mission.
After spending a year in Japan, Asa returned to the US to complete her doctoral dissertation. Her dissertation, Labor Conditions of Women and Children in Japan, would be published by the US Department of Labor, earning Asa the distinction of the first Japanese woman to not only earn a PhD, but to be published in the United States.[8] [9]
Invited to speak on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the American Council of Education, Asa travelled to America again in 1938, meeting with Eleanor Roosevelt at the White House, and speaking to the Japan Society, the National Education Association, the Pan-Pacific Ocean New Education Association, and was featured on NBC Radio, and in The New York Times. In all, she gave 150 lectures on subjects as varied as the positions of Japan and China, slide screenings of Shosoin's Imperial Treasure, flower arranging, Bonseki, and Kimono during her 18 months of stay.[10] [11]
Asa would spend WW2 in China, establishing the Nanjing Children's Academy and a soup kitchen for refugees escaping the frequently shifting alliances during the Chinese Civil War. Returning to Japan after the fall of the Wang Jingwei regime, Asa was introduced to UNICEF representative Margarita Streer who convinced her to volunteer and cooperate with the organization in support of Japanese children affected in the aftermath of WW2. In 1950, Asa would establish the Japan Committee for UNICEF, and become its first managing director. Until her retirement in 1966, Asa would work tirelessly as UNICEF's official representative to Japan, helping to provide meals and education to under-privileged Japanese children, joining the UNICEF Executive Committee every year at United Nations Headquarters, and met with Jackie Kennedy at the White House, presenting her with Japanese dolls for her daughter Caroline, the future United States ambassador to Japan who fondly remembered the gesture during her tenure as Ambassador.[12] [13] [14]
Retiring from UNICEF, Asa continued her role as a cultural ambassador, founding the International Culture Appreciation and Interchange Society, Inc. in 1968, focusing on overseas cultural exchange, underwriting a Spanish Art exhibition in Japan, and persuading as many as 40 Living National Treasures such as Togyū Okumura, Meiji Hashimoto, and Tamako Kataoka to hold exhibitions in Australia and New Zealand, and donated their work to number of local museums including the newly built International Pavilion at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne.[15] [16]
Asa died as a result of colorectal cancer on 16 November 1980, at Hibiya Hospital in Chiyoda, Tokyo at 87 years of age.
| Year | Title | Publisher | Reference No. | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1928 | Social status of married women under present law in the United States and Japan | Columbia University | [17] | ||
| 1930 | Shoso-in, Ancient Storehouse of Treasures of Old Japan: A Brief Account of the Building and Its More Important Historic and Artistic Treasures | Japan Society | [18] | ||
| 1930 | Two Great Japanese Masterpieces in the Brooklyn Museum | Brooklyn Museum | [19] | ||
| 1932 | Labor Conditions of Women and Children in Japan | US Department of Labor | US Government Publication No. 558 | ||
| 1932 | Sacred Treasures of Nara in Shōsō-in & Kasuga Shrine | Hokuseidou Press | [20] | ||
| 1932 | Battle Dress of Feudal Japan | Asia Publishing Co | [21] | ||
| 1938 | 米國博物館の組織とその使命 | Japan Museum Cooperation | |||
| 1945 | 奈良の聖寶 | 輝ク | |||
| 1945 | ルーズベルト大統領夫人訪問記 | 誠文堂新光社 |
The International Culture Appreciation and Interchange Society, Inc continues Asa's mission in fostering goodwill between Japan and the Oceania region. They offered its inaugural "Asa Matsuoka Award" in 2013 to 3 Australian artists, Heidi Axelsen, Hugo Moline, and Nathan Hawkes.[22]