| Arthur Gaillard | |
| Office: | Head of the State Archives in Belgium |
| Term Start: | 1904 |
| Term End: | 1912 |
| Predecessor: | Alphonse Goovaerts |
| Successor: | Joseph Cuvelier |
| Birth Date: | 23 November 1847 |
| Birth Place: | Ghent |
| Death Place: | Schaerbeek |
| Nationality: | Belgian |
| Education: | Doctor of Law and political science |
| Alma Mater: | Leuven University |
Arthur Gaillard (1847–1912) was the head of the State Archives in Belgium from 1904 until his death. His career as an archivist began in 1872 and he worked his way up through all the ranks of the service to become its head. He instituted the practice of publishing summary inventories of the collections, many of which he prepared himself. He is best known for fundamental work on the major institutions of the Habsburg Netherlands, in particular the Great Council of Mechelen and the Council of Brabant.[1]