An arsinide, arsanide, dihydridoarsenate(1−) or arsanyl compound is a chemical derivative of arsine, where one hydrogen atom is replaced with a metal or cation. The arsinide ion has formula . It can be considered as a ligand with name or arsanido. Few chemists study arsanyl compounds, as they are both toxic and unstable.[1] The IUPAC names are arsanide and dihydridoarsenate(1−). For the ligand the name is arsanido. The neutral group is termed arsanyl.
Alkali metal arsinides can form by bubbling arsine through a liquid ammonia solution of alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or alkaline earth metal such as calcium.[2]
Arsinides are also formed when arsine reacts with thin layers of alkali metals.
The arsine may reduce some compounds to metals, so for example an attempt to make an indium arsinide results in metallic indium.
When heated, metal hydrogen arsinide and metal dihydrogen arsinide compounds lose hydrogen to become a metal arsenide:
[3] With lithium dihydrogen arsinide, it can also lose arsine to become dilithium hydrogen arsinide :
[3] These reactions take place even at room temperature, and result in a discolouration of the original chemical.
Sodium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with alkyl halides RX (where X = F, Cl, Br, I, and R is alkyl) to make dialkylarsine . Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with alkyl halides to make trialkylarsine .[4]
Sodium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with diethyl carbonate to yield the 2-arsaethynolate ion, (analogous with cyanate ion) which can be crystallised with the sodium ion and 18-crown-6.[5]
Arsinides react with water to yield arsine :
Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with halobenzenes, where X = Cl, Br, I (chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene) to produce benzene, tetraphenyldiarsine and triphenylarsine .[7]
Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with a silyl halide, e.g. chlorosilane , producing trisilylarsine.[8]
Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with and a crown ether resulting in .[9]
| Formula | Name | Crystal system | Space group | Unit cell (Å) | Volume | Density | Comment | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium arsanide | ||||||||
| Dilithium arsanide | decomposition at 0°C | |||||||
| Sodium arsanide | white; decomposition at room temperature | |||||||
| Disodium arsanide | ||||||||
| Lithium tetraarsanidoaluminate | ||||||||
| (Dipp2Nacnac)Al(AsH2)2 Dipp2Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐''i''Pr<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)]2 | ||||||||
| IDipp⋅AlH2AsH2 IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) | monoclinic | I2/a | colourless | [10] | ||||
| IDipp⋅AlH(AsH2)2 | monoclinic | I2/a | a 18.3591 b 9.0485 c 34.4864 β 91.580° | |||||
| Potassium arsanide | stable to 80°C; decomposition at 90°C | |||||||
| Calcium arsanide | ||||||||
| (Dipp2Nacnac)Ga(AsH2)2 | ||||||||
| IDipp⋅GaH2AsH2 | monoclinic | I2/a | colourless | |||||
| IDipp⋅GaH(AsH2)2 | monoclinic | I2/a | a 18.465 b 9.1493 c 34.661 β 91.509° | |||||
| Th(TrenTRIPS)AsH2 | Th-As 3.065 Å | [11] | ||||||
| U(TrenTRIPS)AsH2 | U-As 3.004 Å | |||||||
The hydrogen atoms in the arsinide anion may be substituted by organic or other groups which can then also produce ions, for example by methyl, like in potassium methyl arsinide,[12] or by trimethylsilyl . The doubly bonded ligand =AsH (or) is called arsinidene.