Arnold Monto Explained

Arnold S. Monto
Birth Place:Brooklyn, New York
Citizenship:American
Education:Weill Cornell Medicine (MD)
Cornell University (BA)
Years Active:1958-Present
Known For:Influenza seasonality[1]
Work Institutions:University of Michigan School of Public Health
Research Field:Influenza virus epidemiology
Prizes:Career Development Award, NIH
Charles Merieux Award, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases
Alexander Fleming Lifetime Achievement Award, Infectious Diseases Society of America[2]

Arnold Monto (born March 22, 1933) is an American physician and epidemiologist. At the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Monto is the Thomas Francis, Jr. Collegiate Professor Emeritus of Public Health, professor emeritus of both epidemiology and global public health, and co-director of the Michigan Center for Respiratory Virus Research & Response. His research focuses on the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of viral respiratory infections in industrialized and developing countries' populations.

Education

Born in Brooklyn, New York City, Monto graduated from Erasmus Hall High School. He received a B.A. in zoology from Cornell University in 1954 and earned his M.D. from Cornell University Medical College, now Weill Cornell Medicine, in 1958.[3] From 1958 to 1960, he completed his internship and residency in medicine at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center.[4] From 1960 to 1962, he was a USPHS Post-Doctoral Fellow in Infectious Diseases at Stanford University Medical Center.[5]

Career

Monto fulfilled his national service commitment in the Virus Diseases Section of the Middle America Research Unit: a part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. While there, he began his career-long interest in respiratory illnesses; confirming that the same viruses causing illnesses in the temperate zones cause illnesses in the tropics.[6] He was among the first to observe that influenza viruses, in areas where temperatures were stable year-round, mainly occurred in the rainy season.[7] In 1965, Monto was recruited to the University of Michigan School of Public Health by Thomas Francis Jr., chair of and professor in the school's Department of Epidemiology. Monto rose through the academic ranks from research associate to professor. He served as chair of the school's Department of Population Planning and International Health from 1993 to 1996 and as director of the University of Michigan Center for Population Planning.[8] From 2002 to 2004, Monto was director of the University of Michigan Bioterrorism Preparedness Initiative.[9] In 2010, he was named the Thomas Francis Collegiate Professor of Public Health.[10] He is the founder and director of the University of Michigan-Israel Public Health Partnership for Collaborative Research and Education (2014–present) and is co-director of the Michigan Center for Respiratory Virus Research and Response, one of five centers across the country that collects data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[11] [12] Monto spent periods as a visiting scientist at Northwick Park Hospital Clinical Research Center in Harrow, England; at the World Health Organization in Geneva, working on implications of lower respiratory tract infections globally; and at the National Research Council, Washington, D.C. organizing studies of the causes of respiratory infections in low-resourced countries.

He is the author of over 350 research papers focusing mainly on the epidemiology and implications of respiratory infections, and co-editor of the Textbook of InfluenzaSecond Edition.[13]

In a career spanning six decades Monto has been involved in pandemic planning and emergency response[14] to influenza and other respiratory virus outbreaks, including the 1968 Hong Kong influenza pandemic, avian influenza, SARS,[15] MERS,[16] and the COVID-19 pandemic.[17]

In 2015, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the annual "Arnold S. Monto Award" in honor of Monto for innovation in epidemiology and vaccinology. "Dr. Monto's work has helped us understand the value of measuring vaccine effectiveness in the communities where vaccines are used and taking that data to help enhance influenza prevention programs", said Joe Bresee, Chief of the Epidemiology and Prevention Branch of CDC's Influenza Division."[18]

In 2020, Monto was selected to chair the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) on COVID-19 vaccines.[19]

Research

Throughout his career, Monto has focused on the occurrence, prevention, and control of respiratory infections, with a particular interest in influenza. At the University of Michigan in 1965, he developed the Tecumseh Study of Respiratory Illness, which described the specific viruses involved in causing illnesses in American families over an 11-year period.[20]   During the 1968 influenza pandemic, he found that vaccinating school-age children reduced infection in the entire community, an early demonstration of herd immunity.[21] Subsequently, he was involved in evaluating a variety of strategies to control influenza including vaccines, antivirals, and non-pharmaceutical interventions such as antiseptic tissues and face masks.[22] In particular, he designed and carried out critical studies evaluating the value of the neuraminidase inhibitors now in use for influenza. In the 2000s he was involved in developing pandemic control strategies including social distancing, leading to work at WHO and in the US during the 2009 swine flu pandemic.[23] He also led clinical trials establishing the superiority of inactivated vaccines compared to live attenuated vaccines in preventing influenza in adults.[24]

In 2010, Monto returned to the study of respiratory illnesses in families with the establishment of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study. The design is a comprehensive one, allowing researchers to study many aspects of infection occurrence and prevention over time. The study has resulted in several notable findings related to natural infection with different viruses and the immune correlates of protection from different influenza vaccines. It was the first to demonstrate the potential problems with the serial use of such vaccines.[25] These issues are now being addressed as part of the Universal Influenza Vaccine Program.[26] [27] Monto was the plenary speaker for a 2017 NIH-led workshop of U.S. and international experts from academia, industry, and government to develop a strategic plan and research agenda aimed at the development of a universal influenza vaccine.[28] The design also allows study over time of other respiratory viruses including the coronaviruses. Monto is involved in other studies assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing medical encounters and hospitalization with a goal of improving protection.[29] A study in progress addresses the role of antivirals in seasonal and pandemic influenza control.

Selected service, international and national

Awards

Selected publications

External links

Notes and References

  1. Monto . Arnold . 1987-06-19 . Influenza: Quantifying morbidity and mortality . The American Journal of Medicine . en . 82 . 6 . 20–25 . 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90556-0. 3591814 . 2027.42/26677 . free .
  2. Web site: Curriculum Vitae . fda.gov . 27 July 2022.
  3. Web site: monto . arnold . Cornell Medical College Class of 1958 . Artstor . 12 June 2020.
  4. monto . arnold . The Liver in Ulcerative Disease of the Intestinal Tract: Functional and Anatomic Changes . Annals of Internal Medicine . 1 June 1959 . 50 . 6 . 1385–94 . 10.7326/0003-4819-50-6-1385 . 13661766 .
  5. monto . AS . Rantz . LA . The development and character of bacteriuria in pregnancy . Annals of Internal Medicine . 1 Aug 1963 . 59 . 2 . 186–93 . 10.7326/0003-4819-59-2-186 . 14049347 .
  6. Monto . AS . A community study of respiratory infections in the tropics I Description of the community and observations on the activity of certain respiratory agents . American Journal of Epidemiology. 1967 . 86 . 1 . 78–92 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120735 . 4951566.
  7. Monto . Arnold S. . 1987-06-19 . Influenza: Quantifying morbidity and mortality . The American Journal of Medicine . en . 82 . 6 . 20–25 . 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90556-0. 3591814 . 2027.42/26677 . free .
  8. Web site: Population Planning and International Health . UM International Certificate in International Health and Social Development . University of Michigan . 9 May 2020.
  9. Web site: School of Public Health launches bioterrorism initiative . Michigan News . 21 February 2002. university of michigan . 9 May 2020.
  10. Web site: Arnold S. Monto . School of Public Health, University of Michigan . University of Michigan . 9 May 2020.
  11. Web site: Ben-Gurion U. announces new School of Public Health and U. Michigan partnership . EurekaAlert . AAAS . 9 May 2020 . 11 Oct 2017.
  12. News: Mayberry . Sarah . What will this flu season look like . 18 May 2020 . clickondetroit.com . 14 Dec 2018.
  13. Book: Webster . Robert . Monto . Arnold . Braciale . Thomas . Lamb . Robert . Textbook of Influenza . 2013 . John Wiley and Sons . 9780470670484 . second .
  14. Book: Knobler . Stacey . Mack . Alison . Mahmoud . Adel . Lemon . Stanley . The Threat of Pandemic Influenza Are We Ready? Workshop Summary . 2005 . National Academies Press . Washington DC, US . 9780309095044 . 17 May 2020.
  15. News: Anstett . Patricia . SARS has virus hunter very busy . 17 May 2020 . Detroit Free Press . Knight-Ridder Newspapers . 3 June 2003.
  16. Book: Monto . Arnold . Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks: Readiness for 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop . 5 June 2019 . National Academies Press . 9780309490351 . 52–56 .
  17. Web site: Michigan Study Finds Common Human Coronaviruses Seasonal, Like Flu NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases . NIAID Now . . en . 13 April 2020.
  18. Web site: Arnold S. Monto Award for Exceptional Contribution to the Understanding of Influenza Epidemiology and Prevention . cdc.gov . 13 February 2019 . National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases . 17 May 2020.
  19. The FDA's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee and its Role in Advising the Agency on COVID-19 Vaccines. FDA. 20 October 2020.
  20. Monto . AS . Koopman . JS . Longini . IM . Tecumseh study of illness XIII Influenza infection and disease, 1976-1981 . American Journal of Epidemiology. 1985 . 121 . 6 . 811–22 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114052 . 4014174.
  21. Monto. AS. Olazabal. F. 1966. Asian influenza in the Panama Canal zone: isolation of a virus variant and protective effect of a vaccine containing A2/Japan/305/57. American Journal of Epidemiology. 83. Jan. 101–12. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120558. 5910213.
  22. Aiello . AE . Murray . GF . Perez . V . Coulborn . RM . Davis . BM . Uddin . M . Shay . DK . Waterman . SH . Monto . AS . Mask use, hand hygiene, and seasonal influenza-like illness among young adults: a randomized intervention trial . The Journal of Infectious Diseases . 2010 . 201 . 4 . 491–8 . 10.1086/650396 . 20088690. free .
  23. Monto . AS . The threat of an avian influenza pandemic . New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 . 352 . 4 . 323–5 . 10.1056/NEJMp048343 . 15668220.
  24. Monto . AS . Ohmit . SE . Petrie . JG . Johnson . E . Truscon . R . Teich . E . Rotthoff . J . Boulton . M . Victoer . JC . Comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines . New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 . 361 . 13 . 1260–7 . 10.1056/NEJMoa0808652 . 19776407. 205090564 . free .
  25. Ohmit . SE . Petrie . JG . Malosh . RE . Cowling . BJ . Thompson . MG . Shay . DK . Monto . AS . Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the community and the household . Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2013 . 56 . 10 . 1363–9 . 10.1093/cid/cit060 . 23413420. 3693492 .
  26. News: Branswell . Helen . Despite push for a universal flu vaccine, the 'holy grail' stays out of reach . STAT . 5 March 2018.
  27. Web site: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases . . en . 5 September 2019.
  28. Paules . Catherine . Marston . Hilary D . Eisinger . Robert W . Baltimore . David . Fauci . Anthony S. . The Pathway to a Universal Influenza Vaccine . Immunity . 17 Oct 2017 . 47 . 4 . 600 . 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.007 . 29045889 . free .
  29. Monto . Arnold . Petrie . Joshua . Improving Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: Ways to Begin Solving the Problem . Clinical Infectious Diseases . 2019 . 69 . November . 1824–1826 . 10.1093/cid/ciz416 . 31102404 . 18 May 2020. subscription .
  30. Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Principles for United States Action . IDSA . 2012 . September . i . 18 May 2020.
  31. Web site: ESWI: Who we are, what we do . eswi.org . ESWI . 18 May 2020.
  32. Web site: List of Members of, and Advisor to, the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee concerning Influenza Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 . WHO.int . 18 May 2020.
  33. Web site: Holdren . John . Lander . Eric . Varmus . Harold . Report to the President on U.S. Preparations for 2009-H1N1 Influenza . President Obama White House archives . 7 August 2009 . 18 May 2020.
  34. Monto . Arnold . Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network position statement: antiviral resistance in influenza A/H5N1 viruses . Antiviral Therapy . 2006 . 11 . 1 . 873–7 . 16430192 .
  35. Monto . Arnold . Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza: A 2007 Update on Challenges and Solutions . Clinical Infectious Diseases . 2008 . 46 . 7 . 1024–1031 . 10.1086/528720 . 18444819 . free .
  36. Web site: Dr. Charles Mérieux Award for Achievement in Vaccinology and Immunology . nfid.org . 29 August 1999 . National Foundation for Infectious Diseases . 17 May 2020.
  37. Web site: Alexander Fleming Award for Lifetime Achievement . idsociety.org . Infectious Disease Society of America . 17 May 2020.

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