Rank insignia of the Austro-Hungarian Army explained

This article deals with the rank insignia of the Austro-Hungarian Army, as worn by the Austro-Hungarian Army after the reorganisation in 1867 until 1918.

In the Austrian army rank insignia are traditionally called Paroli(pl. Parolis) and are worn as gorget patch or collar tap, appliquéd to the gorget fore-part of the uniform coat, uniform jacket and/or battle-dress.

Austro-Hungarian Army

The rank insignia – so-called Paroli – of the Austro-Hungarian Army (1867–1918) were worn on the fore-part of the sleeves for jackets, but never on shoulder straps of shirts, service jackets, and dress uniforms. This extended to the Common Army as well as to the Imperial-Royal Landwehr. However, the mountain corps wore additionally an edelweiss since 1907 behind the distinction star(s).

The rank or distinction stars of enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers (NCO) were made from white celluloid, those of the ranks Feldwebel and Stabsfeldwebel have been made from white silk since 1914. The rank stars of the junior officer ranks normally consisted of relief metal.[1] Pertaining self procured uniforms, embroidered (from metallic fibre) rank stars might have been selected. The embroidered version was mandatory for staff officer ranks from major (OF3[2]) onwards.[3]

For all other k.k. badges of the Austrian-Hungarian mountain corps from OR1-rank[4] Jäger (en: hunter/ private) to the OF5-rank[2] Oberst (en: colonel)

Even on the field shirts, officer rank stars showed the button-colour of the uniform jacket.[5]

However, staff officers had additionally to wear a galloon on the uniform sleeve. If the galloon colour was silver, the colour of the buttons and the stars had to be golden and vice versa. On the galloon there was a serrated ornament. Generals wore always silver stars on golden galloon. From that derives, that the colour of the rank stars and galloons had nothing to do with the rank.

On coats rank insignias had never been worn. Officers of the so-called Kaiserschützen as well as of the "Landwehr infantry regiments number 4 and 27" (also Mountain infantry regiments 4 and 27) wore on their dress uniforms shoulder straps with the imperator´s insignias (not to be mixed up with the particular rank). For any rank description there had to be provided as well an equivalent expression in Hungarian language. Military units, who consisted mainly of Czech, Slovakian, and/ or Polish personal, used unofficially the rank term in their mother language. NCOs were counted to the enlisted personnel, and did not made up a separate rank group.

Cadet

The Cadet (German: Kadett), in its position as aspirant to the professional officer career, ranked as well to the enlisted rank group. The cadet ranks counted to the appropriate nominal rank, however, behind the next higher rank. E.g. the "Cadet-gefreiter" was counted for the German: [[Gefreiter]], however, behind the Corporal, who himself was lower than the "Cadet-corporal".

The characteristic of the cadet ranks was the so-called distinction-galloon on the sleeve ends. It was similar to the feldwebel-galloon, however, from gold colour instead of emperor-yellow. The particular rank was added as well.

Designation Performance 1908–1918
Rank insignia
collar
Rank descriptionGerman: Kadett (en: Cadet)German: Kadett (en: Cadet)
1908–19141914–1918
(with silk stars)
1908–1914
mountain infantry
1914–1918
(with silk stars)
(Hungarian)(Hungarian: Hadapród)

Stabsfeldwebel

The ranks German: [[Stabsfeldwebel]], German: Stabsoberjäger, German: Stabsfeuerwerker and German: Stabswachtmeister were introduced to the k.u.k. armed forces in 1913. Before it was equivalent to the German: Bezirksfeldwebel (en: District-Sergeant) of the Gendarmerie (as part of the German: [[Landsturm]]; in Austria German: Landwehr). To the Feldwebel–uniform the German: Stabsfeldwebel/Bezirksfeldwebel wore a headgear similar to the officers cap, however, without the characteristic golden officers distinction.

In 1913 the sleeve distinction consisted of a 1.3 cm broad feldwebel-galloon made from imperator-yellow silk. Additionally three white rank celluloid stars were appliquéd. In June 1913 the rank insignia was changed. The galloon was now silver designed, and the rank stars were made from white silk and embroidered.

In 1915 the ranks German: Stabsfeldwebel/Stabswachtmeister und [[Offiziersstellvertreter]] (en: officer deputy) were summarised to the new rank group higher/ senior NCOs (German: höhere Unteroffiziere).

Designation Performance 1913–1914
Rank insignia
collar
Rank descriptionGerman: StabsfeldwebelGerman: Stabsfeuerwerker
Artillery
German: Stabswachtmeister
Dragoon
German: Stabsoberjaeger
Mountain infantry
(Hungarian)(Hungarian: Törzsőrmester)
Designation Performance 1914–1918
Rank insignia
collar
Rank descriptionGerman: Stabsfeldwebel
Stabswachtmeister
German: Stabsfeuerwerker
Artillery
German: Stabsfeldwebel
Railway regiment
German: Stabsoberjaeger
Mountain infantry
(Hungarian)(Hungarian: Törzsőrmester)

One-year volunteer

The officer aspirant (German: Offizieranwaerter (OA)/ Hungarian: Tisztjelölt) of the reserve undertook military training as a One-year volunteer (German: Einjaehrig-Freiwilliger (EF)/ Hungarian: Egyévi Önkéntesi). The distinguishing badge was an imperator-yellow silk square-galloon on the upper part of the cuff. In 1915 the galloon was removed after passing the final examination. It was replaced by the so-called bright “EF-button” to be worn on the collar. The EF-button was fixed behind the nominal rank stars, and was removed on promotion to first officer grade.

Designation One-year volunteer with EF-button
Rank insignia
collar
Rank descriptionCadet
One-year volunteer
Corporal
One-year volunteer
(German)(German: Kadett EF)(German: Korporal EF)

Ensign

The rank „Cadet officer-deputy“ (German: Kadett-Offiziersstellvertreter) was renamed to Ensign (German: Fähnrich) in 1908. The service insignia was a map case, made from black coloured leather, and to be worn on the waist belt. More characteristics were the black officer's cap, however with imperator-yellow side ornament (instead from gold). The white celluloid star was replaced by a silver coloured star. Also in this year, the old term (rank) “German: Kadett-Feldwebel” was replaced by the new one Cadet (German: Kadett / Hungarian: Hadapród).

Designation Cadet officer-deputy until 1908Ensign 1908–1918
Rank insignia
collar
Rank descriptionGerman: Kadett-OffizierstellvertreterGerman: [[Fähnrich]]
(Hungarian)(Hungarian: Hadapród-Tiszthelyettes)(Hungarian: Zászlós)

Shako

In addition to the gorget rank insignias, the so-called distinction, the individual rank was indicated by the yellow distinction-galloon on the parade headgear, called shako (German: Tschako, Hungarian: Csákó) a special version of helmet.

The distinction galloons and pipings for enlisted ranks and NCOs were made from yellow sheep's wool, for Ensigns since 1908 from yellow silk, and for officers from gold yarn. Pertaining private procured special editions to enlisted ranks and NCOs, silk trims have been allowed as well.

The German: [[Waffenfarbe (Austria)|Waffenfarbe]] (en: corps colour) had to be in correlation to the appropriate military unit, branch, or branch of service.

Enlisted men, NCOs, officer aspirants, and officer-deputies

(RK means the Rangklasse (Rank classification. As the k.u.k. Army was never a member of NATO, it did not use NATO Rank Codes)

Grade Rank in German / Hungarian, equivalent in English Rank insignia
example description
GemeineGerman: [[Infanterist]] / Hungarian: Honvéd | German: [[Jäger (infantry)|Jäger]] | German: Dragoner | Ulan | German: Husar | German: Kanonier | German: Pionier | German: Trainsoldat | German: Sanitätssoldat without rank insignia - Infantryman | Rifleman | Dragoon | Uhlan | Hussar | Gunner | Engineer | Trainmen | Medical
ChargesGerman: [[Gefreiter#Austria|Gefreiter]] / Hungarian: Őrvezető | German: [[Vormeister]] | German: [[Patrouilleführer]] 1 white star - Private 1st class | Gunner 1st class | Rifleman 1st class
German: [[Korporal]] / Hungarian: Tizedes | German: Geschütz-Vormeister | German: Gewehr-Vormeister | German: Unterjäger | German: Bataillonstambour | German: Waffenmeister 3. Klasse | German: Bataillonshornist2 white stars - Corporal | Gunner-Corporal | Machinegun-Corporal | Rifles-Corporal | Battalion drummer | Weapon master 3rd class | Battalion bugler
German: [[Zugsführer]] / Hungarian: Szakaszvezető | German: [[Farrier|Kurschmied]] | German: Rechnungs-Unteroffizier 2. Klasse | German: Waffenmeister 2. Klasse3 white stars - Sergeant - Sgt) | German: [[Bandleader|Stabsführer]] | Fiscal Sergeant 2nd class | Weapon master 2nd class
no RKGerman: [[Feldwebel#Austria|Feldwebel]] / Hungarian: Őrmester | German: [[Wachtmeister]] | German: [[Feuerwerker]] | German: [[Oberjäger]] | German: Rechnungs-Unteroffizier I. Klasse | German: Waffenmeister I. Klasse | German: Beschlagmeister I. Klasse | German: Regimentstambour | German: Regimentshornist | German: Einjährig-Freiwilliger-Feldwebel | German: Kadett-Feldwebel (only until 1908)3 white stars, 13mm yellow silk galloon - Master-sergeant | Cavaly master-sergeant | Artillery master-sergeant | Rifles master-sergeant | Fiscal Sergeant 1st class | Weapon master 1st class | Master-Blacksmith 1st class | Regiment drummer | Regiment bugler | Feldwebel - volunteer serving one year | Kadet-Feldwebel
no RKGerman: [[Stabsfeldwebel]] / Hungarian: Törzsőrmester | German: [[Stabswachtmeister]] | German: [[Stabsfeuerwerker]] | German: [[Stabsoberjäger]]
  • 3 white stars, 13mm imperial-yellow silk galloon with 2mm broad black middle strap, 3mm above a 6mm braiding
  • since June 1914: silver galloon with silk stars
- 1st Sergeant | Cavalry 1st sergeant | Artillery 1st sergeant | Rifles 1st sergeant
no RKGerman: Kadett-Offiziersstellvertreter / Hungarian: Hadapród-Tiszthelyettes, cancelled in 1908Golden galloon as to Feldwebel with 1 silver-plated star - Cadet-officer-deputy - German: [[Kadett]] / Hungarian: Hadapród established in 1908
  • 3 white stars on 13mm gold galloon
  • since June 1914: 3 stars from white silk on 13mm gold galloon
- Cadet
no RKGerman: [[Offiziersstellvertreter]] / Hungarian: Tiszthelyettes since 1915one 13mm silver galloon, above one 6mm galloon with one brass star - Officer deputy
no RKGerman: [[Fähnrich]] / Hungarian: Zászlós1 silver star on 13mm on 13mm gold galloon - Ensign

Officers and officials

Grade Rank in German - Hungarian, equivalent in English Rank insignia
RK XIIGerman: Praktikant (N.N.)1 rosette with 13mm gold galloon
RK XIGerman: Untertierarzt / Hungarian: Akzessist / German: Assistent / German: Lehrer 2. Klasse / German: Fechtmeister 2. Klasse / German: Wirtschaftsadjunkt1 gold/silver embroidered star rosette
Veterinarian junior grade/ Accessist / Assistant (civilian army branch)/ Teacher 2nd class (civilian army branch)/ Fencing-master 2nd class / Economy adjunct (civilian army branch)
RK XIGerman: Leutnant - Hungarian: Hadnagy / German: Assistenz-Arzt / German: Leutnant-Rechnungsführer1 gold/silver embroidered star
Lieutenant / Assistant medical doctor / Fiscal lieutenant
RK XIGerman: Tierärztlicher Assistent / German: Tierarzt / German: Apotheker / German: Offizial / German: Lehrer 1. Klasse / German: Fechtmeister 1. Klasse / German: Wirtschaftsunterverwalter / German: Kriegswirtschaftskommissär2 gold/silver embroidered star rosettes
Veterinarian assistant / Veterinarian / Pharmacist / Official (civilian army branch)/ Teacher 1st class (civilian army branch)/ Fencing instructor 1st class / Economy manager junior grade (civilian army branch)/ War economy commissioner (civilian army branch)
RK XGerman: Artillerieingenieur-Assistent / German: Militär-Bauingenieur-Assistent2 gold/silver embroidered stars
Artillery assistant engineer / Military construction engineer assistant
RK XGerman: Oberleutnant - Hungarian: Főhadnagy / German: Oberarzt / German: Oberleutnant-Auditor / German: Oberleutnant-Rechnungsführer
First Lieutenant / Assistant medical director / Auditor first lieutenant / Fiscal first lieutenant
RK IXGerman: Tierärztliche Adjunkt / German: Obertierarzt / German: Oberapotheker / German: Oberoffizial / German: Oberlehrer / German: Oberfechtmeister / German: Wirtschaftsverwalter / German: Kriegswirtschafts-Oberkommissär / German: Forstverwalter3 gold/silver embroidered star rosettes
Veterinarian adjunct / Veterinarian senior grade/ Pharmacist senior grade/ Official senior grade (civilian army branch) / Teacher senior grade/ Fencing-instructor senior grade / Economy manager (civilian army branch)/ War economy first commissioner (civilian army branch)/ Forest-administrator (civilian army branch)
RK IXGerman: Sekretär der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Unterintendant / German: Artillerie-Ingenieur / German: Militär-Bauingenieur3 gold/silver embroidered stars
Secretary of the military office of His Majesty / Director junior grade/ Artillery engineer / Military construction engineer
RK IXGerman: Hauptmann - Hungarian: Százados / German: [[Rittmeister]] / German: Regimentsarzt / German: Hauptmann-Auditor / German: Hauptmann-Rechnungsführer
Captain / Captain cavalery / Regimental medical doctor / Captain auditor / Fiscal Captain
RK VIIIGerman: [[Stabsarzt]] / German: Stabstierarzt / German: Stabsapotheker / German: Technischer Rat / German: Rechnungsrat / German: Zahlmeister / German: Registrator / German: Artilleriezeugsverwalter / German: Verpflegsverwalter / German: Oberlehrer / German: Wirtschaftsoberverwalter / German: Kriegswirtschafts-Rat1 gold/silver embroidered star rosette on 33mm gold/silver galloon
Veterinarian senior grade/ Pharmacist senior grade / Technical consultant (civilian army branch)/ Financing consultant (civilian army branch)/ Paymaster / Registry official / Artillery supply administrator / Food administrator / Senior teacher / Senior economy administrator / War economy consultant
RK VIIIGerman: Sekretär der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Intendant / German: Artillerie-Oberingenieur 3. Klasse / German: Militär-Bauoberingenieur 3. Klasse1 gold/silver embroidered star on 33mm gold/silver galloon
Secretary of the military office of His Majesty / Intendant / Senior artillery engineer 3rd class / Military construction engineer 3rd class
RK VIIIGerman: [[Major (rank)|Major]] - Hungarian: Őrnagy / German: Stabsarzt / German: Major-Auditor
Major / Surgeon / Major auditor
RK VIIGerman: Außerordentlicher Professor / German: Oberstabstierarzt / German: Oberstabsapotheker 2. Klasse / German: Technischer Oberrat / German: Artillerie-Oberzeugsverwalter 2. Klasse / German: Oberrechnungsrat 2. Klasse / German: Kassendirektor 2. Klasse / German: Oberverpflegsverwalter / German: Registratur-Unterdirektor / German: Wirtschaftsdirektor / German: Kriegwirtschafts-Oberrat 2. Klasse2 gold/silver embroidered star rosettes on 33mm gold/silver galloon
Extraordinary professor (civilian army branch)/ Major veterinarian / Major pharmacist 2nd class / Senior technical adviser / Senior artillery supply administrator 2nd class (civilian army branch)/ Senior financing consultant 2nd class (civilian army branch)/ Cashier`s office director 2nd class / Senior food administrator / Registry official director junior grade/ Economy director / Senior war economy consultant 2nd class
RK VIIGerman: Hofsekretär der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Sekretär der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Oberintendant 2. Klasse / German: Artillerie-Oberingenieur 2. Klasse / German: Militär-Bauoberingenieur 2. Klasse2 gold/silver embroidered stars on 33mm gold/silver galloon
Court-secretary of the military office of His Majesty / Secretary of the military office of His Majesty / Senior director 2nd class / Senior artillery director 2nd class / Senior military construction engineer 2nd class
RK VIIGerman: Oberstleutnant - Hungarian: Alezredes
Lieutenant colonel
RK VIGerman: Ordentlicher Professor / German: Oberstabsapotheker 1. Klasse / German: Technischer Rat 1. Klasse / German: Technischer Oberrat 1. Klasse / German: Artillerie-Oberzeugsverwalter 1. Klasse / German: Oberrechnungsrat 1. Klasse / German: Registratur-Direktor / German: Kassendirektor 1. Klasse / German: Baurechnungsrat 1. Klasse / German: Kriegswirtschafts-Oberrat 1. Klasse3 gold/silver embroidered stars rosettes on 33mm gold/silver galloon
Ordinary professor(civilian army branch) / Major pharmacist 1st class / Technical adviser 1st class / Senior technical adviser 1st class /Senior artillery supply administrator 1st class (civilian army branch)/ Senior financing consultant 1st class (civilian army branch)/ Registry director (civilian army branch)/ Cashier`s office director 1st class / Senior war economy consultant 1st class (civilian army branch)
RK VIGerman: Sektionsrat der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Regierungsrat der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Oberintendant 1. Klasse / German: Artillerie-Oberingenieur 1. Klasse / German: Militär-Bauoberingenieur 1. Klasse3 gold/silver embroidered stars on 33mm gold/silver galloon
Section-consultant of the military office of His Majesty / Senior administrative officer of the military office of His Majesty / Senior director 1st class / Senior artillery engineer 1st class / Senior military construction engineer 1st class
RK VIGerman: Oberst - Hungarian: Ezredes / German: Oberstabsarzt 1. Klasse / German: Oberst-Auditor
Colonel
RK VGerman: Hofrat der Militärkanzlei Sr. Majestät / German: Generalintendant / German: Artillerie-Generalingenieur / German: General-Bauingenieur / German: Hofrat der Mil. Tierärztlichen Hochschule / German: Ministerialrat / German: Kriegwirtschafts-Generalrat1 silver embroidered star on 33mm gold galloon
Court-consultant of the military chancellery office of His Majesty / General-indendant / Artillery general-engineer / Construction general-engineer / Court-consultant of the veterinarian high school / Superior counsellor in a ministerial department / War economy director-general
RK VGerman: Generalmajor - Hungarian: Vezérőrnagy / German: [[Generalstabsarzt]] / German: General-Auditor1 silver embroidered star on 33mm gold galloon
Brigadier-general
RK IVGerman: Sektionschef2 silver embroidered stars on 33mm gold galloon
Section chief
RK IV
  • German: [[Feldmarschall-Leutnant]]
- Hungarian: [[Altábornagy]] / German: General-Oberstabsarzt
  • German: General-Chefauditor
2 silver embroidered stars on 33mm gold galloon
  • Major-general / General-Chief Surgeon
  • General-Chiefauditor
RK III
  • German: General der Infanterie
- Hungarian: Gyalogsági Tábornok
  • German: General der Kavallerie
- Hungarian: Lovassági Tábornok
  • German: Feldzeugmeister
- Hungarian: Táborszernagy
3 silver embroidered stars on 33mm gold galloon
RK IIGerman: Generaloberst - Hungarian: Vezérezredes since 19153 silver embroidered stars, underlaid by a 40mm silver embroidery wreath on 33mm gold galloon
Colonel-general
RK IGerman: Feldmarschall - Hungarian: Tábornagy33mm gold embroidery with oak leaves directed below
Field-Marshal

Members of the military personal status

Enlisted men

Designation Enlisted/Private ranks
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: Infanterist German: Jäger German: Dragoner German: Ulan German: Husar German: Kanonier German: Pionier German: Trainsoldat German: Sanitätssoldat
Branch Mountain infantry Medical
corps
(English)(Infantry man)(Jäger)(Dragoon)(Lancer)(Hussar)(Gunner)(Engineer)(Private)(Medical)
Designation Enlisted/Lance-corporal ranks
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: Patrouilleführer German: GefreiterGerman: Vormeister
k.k. Mountain
troops
k.u.k.
Rifles
Machine-gun
units
Infantry
generic
branchRifles Infantry
(equivalent)(Rifle 1st class)(Private 1st class)(Gunner 1st class)
Designation Enlisted / Corporal ranks
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: Korporal k.u.k.
German: Radfahrtruppe
German: Korporal k.u.k.
German: Regimentsmusik
German: Unterjäger German: Korporal German: Geschütz-Vormeister German: Korporal German: Korporal German: Korporal
Branch Mountain infantry Medical
corps
(English)(Cpl k.u.k. cyclistes)(Regimental musician corporal)(Mountain infantry corporal)(Corporal)(Corporal)(Gunner-corporal)(Corporal)(Corporal porter unit)(Corporal)

NCO ranks

Designation Enlisted / Sergeant ranks
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: Rechnungs-<br />Unteroffizier<br />2. Klasse German: Zugsführer German: Zugsführer German: Kurschmied German: Waffenmeister<br />2. Klasse Zugsführer German: Zugsführer
(German: Kraftfahrtruppe)
German: Zugsführer
(German: Sanitätstruppe)
Branch Mountain infantry Medical
corps
(English)(Zugsführer)(Viscal NCO
2nd class)
(Zgf)(Zgf cavalry)(Blacksmith)(Ordnance Sergeant
2nd class)
(Zgf mil. engineering)(Zgf vehicle troops)(Zgf medical corps)
Designation Feldwebel / Master Sergeant ranks
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: [[Feldwebel]] German: Kadett-Feldwebel German: Oberjäger German: Kadett-Oberjäger German: [[Wachtmeister]] German: Kadett-Wachtmeister German: Feuerwerker German: Kadett-Feuerwerker German: Stabführer(German: Musikkorps)
Branch Mountain infantry Military band
(English)(Master-sergeantl)(Cadet master-sergeant)(Rifles master-sergeant)(Cadet master-sergeant)(Cavalry
sergeant)
(Cadet master-sergeant)(Artillery master-sergeant)(Cadet master-sergeant)(Tambour-Major)
Designation German: Stabsfeldwebel / First Sergeant ranks
1913–1914 1914–1918 1913–1914 1914–1918 1913–1914 1914–1918 1913–1914 1914–1918 1906–1918
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: [[Stabsfeldwebel]] German: Stabsoberjäger German: [[Stabswachtmeister]] German: Stabsfeuerwerker German: Militärkapellmeister
Branch Mountain infantry Artillery
(English)(1st sergeant)(Rifles 1st sergeant)(Cavalry 1st sergeant)(Artillery 1st sergeant)(Military bandmaster)

Higher Staff NCO-ranks and officer aspirant (OA) ranks

Designationcancelled 1908 established 19081908–1918 1915–1918
Rank insignia
Rank descriptionGerman: Kadett-OffiziersstellvertreterGerman: KadettGerman: Kadett<br />Einjähriger-FreiwilligerGerman: Offiziersstellvertreter German: Fähnrich
EnglishCadet officer-deputyCadetCadet
volunteer serving one year
Warrant officer Ensign

Officers

The different colors of the rank patches and buttons on the tunic are the marks for identifying the infantry regiments (except Generals)
DescriptionRank
class
Insignia
German Hungarian English Army Mountain infantry
Low grade officer ranks
German: [[Leutnant]] also:
  • German: Assistenz-Arzt
  • German: Leutnant-Rechnungsführer
Hungarian: Hadnagy RK XI
German: [[Oberleutnant]] also:
  • German: Oberarzt
  • German: Oberleutnant-Auditor
  • German: Oberleutnant-Rechnungsführer
Hungarian: Főhadnagy RK X
Captain ranks
German: [[Hauptmann]] also:
  • German: [[Rittmeister]]
  • German: Regimentsarzt
  • German: Hauptmann-Auditor
  • German: Hauptmann-Rechnungsführer
Hungarian: Százados RK IX
Staff officer ranks
German: [[Major (rank)|Major]] also:
  • German: Stabsarzt
  • German: Major-Auditor
Hungarian: Őrnagy Major RK IIX
German: [[Oberstleutnant]] also:
  • German: Oberstabsarzt 2. Klasse
  • German: Oberstleutnant-Auditor
Hungarian: Alezredes RK VII
German: [[Oberst]] also:
  • German: Oberstabsarzt 1. Klasse
  • German: Oberst-Auditor
Hungarian: Ezredes RK VI
Note:The embroideries of the collars of the ranks major to colonel were always in the same color as the tunic buttons (silver/gold). The rank stars were converse (silver embroidery - golden star(s))
The ranks lieutenant to captain had stars in the same color as the tunic buttons.

Generals

In the course of uniform reorganisation pertaining the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (de: k.k. Landwehr), the service coat (German: Waffenrock or German: Uniformrock) of all enlisted personnel was substituted by a tunic (German: Bluse) in general. The rotary-coloured gorget patch was replaced by a standard gorget patch (German: Paroli) in grass-green with rank insignias. According to the special function, e.g. as member to a "machine gun unit", the Edelweiss on the gorget patch was additional.

Enlisted personnel insignia of Guards formations

In the Austrian-Hungarian armed forces there existed five guard units. In two of them served exclusively officer grades. The remaining three of them were called “Enlisted men guards” (German: Mannschaftsgarden).

Rank Description of the rank insignia
German English
German: Gardeinfanterist / Gardereiter Guardsman / Guard trooper 15mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon; three white stars from silk; scarlet corps colour
German: Gardekorporal (Guard infantry) Guard corporal 18mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; scarlet corps colour
German: Gardezugsführer (Guard infantry) Guard sergeant 20mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; scarlet corps colour
German: 2. Gardewachtmeister (Guard cavalry) Guard master sergeant 2nd class 20mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; scarlet corps colour
German: Gardefeldwebel (Guard infantry) Guard master sergeant 22mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; scarlet corps colour
German: 1. Gardewachtmeister (Guard cavalry) Guard master sergeant 1st class 22mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; scarlet corps colour
German: Trabanten-[[Leibgarde (military)|Leibgarde]] Companion life-guards 18mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; ponceau-red corps colour
German: Vizeskondewachtmeister der Trabanten-Leibgarde 2nd vice master sergeant of the companion life-guards 20mm broad imperial yellow silk galloon (divided by a 1mm broad black stripe); three white stars from silk; ponceau-red corps colour

There was no difference between the rank insignias of the officers in comparison to regular troops.

Estate riflemen troops

k.k. Estate riflemen units and companies were established in the 15th/16th century and did belong to the so-called German: Landwehr (en: home guard). However, k.k. Estate riflemen troops did not wear regular uniforms. After k.k. Estate riflemen troops had to be involved in 1915 to regular military engagement, the Austrian-Hungarian administration was forced to procure these units with regular uniforms. To emphasise the character and status of the Estate riflemen, they did wear slightly different rank insignias. Officer collar patches showed a gold embroidered rosette. Pertaining enlisted personnel and NCOs the rosette was silver embroidered. Because silver and gold embroidery was deficit, the rosettes were finally replaced by celluloid stars, as this was the case to regular troops. The rank insignias were fixed on the collar patches (German: Parolis) showing at the background the corps colour of the Riflemen infantry (also: Hunter-troops or Riflemen-troops; German: Jägertruppe) "Grass-green". Tyrolese collar patches showed the silver metallic "Tyrol eagle" behind the rosette/star. For the Vorarlberg estate riflemen the eagle was replaced by a white metallic shield with the "Vorarlberg coat of arms".

Major was the highest rank of the Estate riflemen troops.

Military officials

As regards to military officials, there were in force exactly the same rules who applied to military officer ranks. However, military officials wore only four-leaved star rosettes instead of the rank stars (the only exception: officials with explicit star ranks!).

Fiscal officials (German: Rechnungsführer) in line service have been provided always with silver color buttons.

Further exemptions from the principal rule are described as follows:

Examples

The gallery below shows examples of different kinds of German: [[Adjustierung]] (en: uniforms).

See also

Notes

  1. Rank stars who consisted of relief metal were officially procured by the military administration
  2. The abbreviation "OF" stands for "officer / officier"
  3. Austro-Hungarian Army staff officer ranks from major (OF3) onwards had to were embroidered rank stars
  4. The abbreviation "OR" stands for "Other Ranks / fr: sous-officiers et militaires du rang / ru:другие ранги, кроме офицероф"
  5. Officer rank stars basically showed the button-colour of the uniform jacket i.g. gold coloured or silver coloured respectively brass coloured or white alloy.

Sources