Army of the Three Guarantees explained

Army of the Three Guarantees
Native Name:Ejército Trigarante o Ejército de las Tres Garantías
Native Name Lang:es
War:Mexican War of Independence Spanish American Wars of Independence
Image Alt:The flag of the Three Guarantees as displayed at the General Archive of the Nation in Mexico City.
Active:February 24, 1821
Ideology:Nationalism
Clans:
  • Mexican royalist troops
  • Mexican insurgent troops
Leader1 Title:Army Commander
Leader1 Name:Agustín de Iturbide
Leader2 Title:Guerrilla Commander
Leader2 Name:Vicente Guerrero
Opponents: Spain; Royalists

At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees (Spanish; Castilian: Ejército Trigarante or Spanish; Castilian: Ejército de las Tres Garantías) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain. The decree creating this army appeared in the Plan de Iguala, which stated the three guarantees which it was meant to defend:
1.- Religion,
2.- Independence, and
3.- Unity.
Mexico was to be a Catholic empire, independent from Spain, and united against its enemies.

History

The Army of the Three Guarantees was created on February 24, 1821, and continued battling Spanish royalist forces which refused to accept Mexican independence. These battles continued until August 1821, when Iturbide and Spanish Viceroy Juan de O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, virtually ratifying Mexico's independence. The Army was a decisive force during the Battle of Azcapotzalco. The victory in this last battle of the war cleared the way to Mexico City. On September 27, 1821, the Army of the Three Guarantees triumphantly entered Mexico City, led by Iturbide. The following day Mexico was declared independent.

By that time, the Army of the Three Guarantees was composed of 7,616 infantrymen, 7,755 cavalry, and 763 artillery with 68 cannons.