Army Foundation College Explained

Unit Name:Army Foundation College Harrogate
Dates:1947 – 1996 (as the Army Apprentices School, Harrogate)
3 August 1998 – Present
Country: United Kingdom
Branch: British Army
Role:Phase 1 Training establishment
Size:~1,300 soldiers under training
~500 permanent staff
Command Structure:Initial Training Group (ITG)
Garrison:Uniacke Barracks, Penny Pot Lane, Harrogate HG3 2SE
Garrison Label:Location
Motto:Trust, Courage, Team Spirit
Colors Label:Colours
Identification Symbol Label:Welcome Board
Current Commander:Lt Col Mike Butler ETS
Current Commander Label:Commanding Officer
Ceremonial Chief:Col Bear Grylls OBE
Ceremonial Chief Label:Honorary Colonel

The Army Foundation College (AFC) in Harrogate, England, is the sole initial military training unit for British Army recruits who enlist aged between 16 and 17.5 years. AFC delivers two 'Phase 1' initial training courses: the 'long course' of 49 weeks, mainly for recruits in combat roles, and the 23-week 'short course' for recruits in most other roles.[1] In addition to their military training, recruits are enrolled onto basic Functional Skills courses in English, maths, and ICT.

Approximately 1,200 boys and 100 girls begin training at AFC annually, of whom approximately 500 are enrolled for the infantry. On average, 70% of recruits complete their course, then moving to other army units for their 'Phase 2' role-specific training.

AFC is graded 'outstanding' for welfare by Ofsted but has also attracted criticism for the physical and sexual abuse of recruits,[2] high drop-out rate, and high running costs.[3]

History

The Royal Signals Apprentices School was established in Harrogate to provide military and vocational training for the Royal Corps of Signals, Royal Artillery (RA) and Royal Engineers (RE) in 1947.[4] It was renamed the Army Apprentices College in 1961 when the RA and RE were relocated, providing Royal Signals training until it closed in 1998. In September 1998, the site reopened as the Army Foundation College to provide initial military training to the army's youngest other ranks trainees, aged between 16 years and 17 years, 5 months, for a range of combat arms and services.[5] It was rebuilt by Jarvis under a private finance initiative contract worth £526.6 million between 2000 and 2002.[6]

Tom Moore was appointed as the first honorary colonel of the college on his 100th birthday, in recognition of his fundraising success during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.[7] [8] When acting in that capacity, he was addressed as 'Colonel Tom'.[9] In July 2024, Bear Grylls was appointed Honorary Colonel of the college.[10]

Training

AFC delivers two Phase 1 (initial military training) courses:

Despite the differing course lengths, all recruits are trained to the same standard of the Common Military Syllabus (see Selection and Training in the British Army).

Intake and retention

There are two entry points annually, in September and March; and two graduations, in August and February.

Each year, approximately 1,200 boys and 100 girls begin their army training at AFC, of whom approximately 500 are training for infantry roles.[13]

Official figures for the period from 2017–18 to 2020–21 show that, on average, 70% of recruits on the 49-week course complete their year at the college.[14]

Education

In addition to initial military training, Junior Soldiers can study Functional Skills courses in maths, English and IT at Levels 1 and 2, provided by Pearson TQ.[15] Those who already have qualifications in mathematics and English have the option to study two units of a BTEC Certificate in Public Services at Level 3, however not the full qualification.[16]

The education provided has drawn both praise[17] and criticism.[18]

Graduation

AFC's biannual passing out parades, attended by friends, family and VIPs,[19] are second only in size to Trooping the Colour.[20] Each event is usually celebrated with a flypast from the Royal Air Force,[21] a musical performance from a Royal Corps of Army Music band, and a parachute display from one of the Army's parachute display teams.[22] [23]

Running costs

, it cost £85.5 million per annum to operate AFC;[24] the cost of training an infantry soldier through AFC for Phase 1 and then at the Infantry Training Centre for Phase 2 was £170,000.[25]

Controversy

Retention

The British Army's policy of enlisting from age 16 has been criticised for leading to lower trainee retention than is found among adult recruits.[26]

Age of enlistment

In view of developing children's rights standards and evidence showing a detrimental impact of military training and employment on younger recruits,[27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] several bodies, including the Children's Commissioners for each of the four nations of the UK and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, have also called on the armed forces to raise the minimum age of enlistment to 18.[33] [34]

In response to these concerns, the Ministry of Defence (MOD) has defended the current policy, stating in 2016: 'The army needs to attract school and college leavers at the earliest opportunity.'[35] In the same year, the Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Nick Carter, added: '[T]he fact that our junior entry is always 100% manned is indicative of people finding that it is something that is really positive to do.'[36]

Duty of care

Ofsted grade

In 2018 and 2021, the education inspectorate Ofsted awarded the college an 'outstanding' grade for its duty of care. The 2021 report noted: 'Recruits speak consistently of fair and respectful treatment from all staff...'[37]

Abuse cases

Between 2014 and 2022, recruits made 72 formal complaints of allegations of assault or other ill-treatment by staff at the college.[38] [39] 13 of the allegations were proven following investigation, of which seven occurred since 2017.[40]

In 2021, nine investigations were opened into sexual offences against 22 girls at AFC; in one investigation, three of the suspected perpetrators were members of staff.[41] [42] The revelations were the subject of a Vice News report in July 2022.[43]

In 2021, an instructor was convicted for abusing recruits.[44] [45]

In 2023, another instructor was convicted of eight counts of disgraceful conduct of a cruel or indecent kind and one count of sexual assault, which took place over nine months between 2020 and 2021.[46]

Also in 2023, North Yorkshire Police revealed that 13 complaints of sexual assault AFC, including nine of rape, had been referred to them between July 2022 and August 2023.[47]

Recruit abuse investigation 2014–18

See main article: Army Foundation College recruit abuse investigation 2014–2018.

In 2017, the MOD confirmed reports that 17 instructors at AFC would be standing trial at court martial for 40 counts of alleged physical abuse of recruits during battle camp at Kirkudbright, Scotland, in 2014.[48] ForcesTV, and the Guardian reported that the allegations included assault, holding trainees' heads under water, and forcing animal dung into their mouths.[49] [50] [51] The case was reported as the British Army's largest ever investigation of abuse.[52] [53]

At a preliminary hearing in September 2017, the accused pleaded not guilty to all charges. The trial in February 2018 collapsed after the judge ruled that the investigation by the Royal Military Police had been 'seriously flawed', and that a fair trial for the defendants would no longer be possible.[54]

An internal review confirmed multiple failings by the Royal Military Police. It noted that, in addition to recruits who had lodged formal complaints, 'a considerable number of JS [junior soldier recruits] who had been the subject of ill treatment / assaults' had not wished to do so.[55]

See also

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: British Army . n.d. . Army Foundation College Harrogate . 4 December 2017 . www.army.mod.uk.
  2. News: Sabbagh . Dan . 5 October 2023 . Nine rapes at Harrogate military college reported to civilian police in 13 months . The Guardian . 2 November 2023 . 0261-3077.
  3. Web site: Westminster . Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons . House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 23 Jun 2014 (pt 0003) . 6 December 2017 . publications.parliament.uk.
  4. Web site: Home – The Harrogate Apprentice. The Harrogate Apprentice. 4 December 2017.
  5. Web site: Army Foundation College Harrogate – Regiment History, War & Military Records & Archives. www.forces-war-records.co.uk. 4 December 2017.
  6. News: PricewaterhouseCoopers advises MoD on £86.2m PFI deal for Army Foundation College – Accountancy Age. 9 February 2000. Accountancy Age. 4 December 2017.
  7. Web site: Laycock . Mike . Captain Tom made honorary colonel on his 100th birthday . York Press . 29 April 2020 .
  8. DefenceHQ/ . 1255634247303323648 . 30 April 2020 . In recognition of his incredible fundraising achievements for @NHSuk charities, @captaintommoore has been appointed as the first Honorary Colonel of the Army Foundation College, Harrogate. May we be one of the first to say, happy birthday Colonel Tom! .
  9. Web site: Honorary Colonels in the British Army. Ministry of Defence. 30 April 2020. Medium.
  10. Web site: Bear Grylls joins forces with British Army . army.mod.uk . . 11 July 2024.
  11. Web site: Individualise to Optimise. Coach Mike Chadwick . 25 April 2020. coachmikechadwick.com.
  12. Web site: Op Achilles. Lt Col Mike Buttler. 1 March 2020. Twitter.com.
  13. Web site: House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 23 Jun 2014 (pt 0004). Westminster. Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons. publications.parliament.uk. 6 December 2017.
  14. Web site: British Army . 23 March 2022 . Freedom of Information request ref. FOI2022/02428 . 16 August 2022 . whatdotheyknow.com.
  15. Web site: Pearson TQ. 1 August 2019 . Army Foundation College, Harrogate . 17 August 2022 . www.pearson.com.
  16. Web site: Army Foundation College: Qualifications:Written question – 198354. UK Parliament. 13 March 2019.
  17. Web site: Why an army education is hard not to admire Zoe Williams. Williams. Zoe. 21 February 2014. The Guardian. 1 June 2016.
  18. Web site: Education in the British army: Comparison with civilian standards for the 16–17 age group. Child Soldiers International. 4 December 2017.
  19. Web site: 15 August 2013 . Thousands watch biggest military graduation parade in Europe in Harrogate . 13 July 2023 . The Northern Echo .
  20. Web site: UK hosts largest European military graduation parade . 13 July 2023 . GOV.UK .
  21. Web site: Hartle . Harry Adams Lisa . 18 February 2022 . Flypast marks passing out of over 400 British Army Junior Soldiers . 13 July 2023 . Forces Network .
  22. Web site: Ministry of Defence . 2023 . Army Parachute Display Teams The British Army .
  23. Web site: Chambers . Kirstie . 5 August 2021 . Special Day For Army's Graduating Junior Soldiers . 13 July 2023 . Forces Network .
  24. Web site: Murrison MP . Andrew . 17 October 2023 . Army Foundation College: Question for Ministry of Defence . 2 November 2023 . Parliament.uk.
  25. Web site: Murrison MP . Andrew . 13 October 2023 . Army: Training. Question for Ministry of Defence . 2 November 2023 . Parliament.uk.
  26. Gee . David . Taylor . Rachel . 1 November 2016 . Is it Counterproductive to Enlist Minors into the Army? . The RUSI Journal . 161 . 6 . 36–48 . 10.1080/03071847.2016.1265837 . 157986637 . 0307-1847.
  27. News: General comment No. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. 6 December 2017.
  28. Web site: Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2016. tbinternet.ohchr.org. 6 December 2017.
  29. News: The First Ambush? Effects of military employment and training. Gee. D.. 3 July 2017. Veterans For Peace UK. 6 December 2017.
  30. Web site: Written evidence submitted by Medact. Medact. 8 March 2018. parliament.uk. 15 June 2018.
  31. Web site: The recruitment of children by the UK armed forces. Medact. 2016. 15 June 2018.
  32. Web site: Why 18 Matters: A rights-based analysis of child recruitment. Child Soldiers International. 2018. 15 June 2018.
  33. Web site: Letter from UK Children's Commissioners and others to the Ministry of Defence. 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308192243/https://www.child-soldiers.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=47932680-1531-498c-abe1-826acab81a37. 8 March 2019. 6 December 2017. dead.
  34. Web site: Children's Rights. House of Commons and House of Lords Joint Committee on Human Rights. 2009. 6 December 2017.
  35. Web site: Armed Forces Bill – Report: 27 Apr 2016: House of Lords debates – TheyWorkForYou. Earl Howe. TheyWorkForYou. 6 December 2017.
  36. Web site: General N Carter, cited in Oral evidence – Armed Forces Bill 2015–16 – 18 Nov 2015. data.parliament.uk. 6 December 2017.
  37. Web site: Ofsted . 20 October 2021 . 'Welfare and duty of care in Armed Forces initial training 2020 to 2021' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211020123313/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/welfare-and-duty-of-care-in-armed-forces-initial-training/welfare-and-duty-of-care-in-armed-forces-initial-training-2020-to-2021 . 20 October 2021 . 4 November 2021 . Gov.uk.
  38. Web site: British Army . 13 December 2021 . Freedom of Information request, ref. Army/PolSec/C/U/FOI2021/13445 . 17 August 2022 . whatdotheyknow.com.
  39. Web site: Ministry of Defence . 23 March 2023 . Freedom of information request, ref. Army/Sec//U/A/FOI2023/02395 . 31 March 2023 . WhatDoTheyKnow.com.
  40. Web site: British Army . 11 January 2022 . Freedom of information request, ref. Army/Sec/C/U/FOI2021/15645 . 17 August 2022 . whatdotheyknow.com.
  41. Web site: Docherty . Leo . 14 April 2022 . Armed Forces: Offences against Children . 17 August 2022 . parliament.uk.
  42. Web site: Docherty . Leo . 16 May 2022 . Armed Forces: Offences against Children . 17 August 2022 . parliament.uk.
  43. Web site: Teenage Girls Serving in British Army Report Record Levels of Sexual Assault . 17 August 2022 . www.vice.com .
  44. Web site: Shaw . Neil . Teale . Connor . 9 November 2021 . Army instructor 'punched' teen recruits asking ' who thinks they're hardest?' . 31 March 2023 . YorkshireLive .
  45. News: Brown . Larisa . Army recruits 'abused and humiliated' by college staff . . 31 March 2023 . 0140-0460.
  46. Web site: Robinson . Calvin . 2 March 2023 . Former Harrogate Army Foundation College instructor sentenced for sex assault . 31 March 2023 . The Stray Ferret .
  47. News: 6 October 2023 . Rapes reported at Harrogate's Army Foundation College . BBC News . 2 November 2023.
  48. Web site: Defence in the media: Sunday 13 August 2017 (Court Martial of 17 Army instructors). Ministry of Defence. modmedia.blog.gov.uk. 6 December 2017.
  49. News: 17 Ex-Army Instructors To Face Court Martial. Forces Network. 6 December 2017.
  50. News: 17 army instructors charged with assaulting teenage recruits. Perraudin. Frances. 13 August 2017. The Guardian. 6 December 2017. 0261-3077.
  51. News: UK army instructors in court over claims they physically abused teen recruits. Morris. Steven. 21 September 2017. The Guardian. 6 December 2017. agency. 0261-3077.
  52. News: Army instructors 'punched and kicked teenage recruits'. Farmer. Ben. 13 August 2017. Telegraph. 12 March 2018. 0307-1235.
  53. News: British Army's 'largest ever abuse case' begins. 12 February 2018. iNews. 13 March 2018.
  54. Web site: R v Girault and Others Ruling on Abuse of Process. 28 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214617/https://www.forceswatch.net/sites/default/files/R_v_Girault_and_Others_Ruling_on_Abuse_of_Process_28_February_2018.pdf. 19 March 2018. 19 March 2018. dead.
  55. Web site: Guinness . Mark E. . June 2018 . A Review of the Royal Military Police investigations into allegations of the ill treatment of Junior Soldiers at the Army Foundation College (Harrogate) (AFC(H)) 2014/15 . 17 August 2008 . whatdotheyknow.com.

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