Arkady and Boris Strugatsky explained

Arkady and Boris Strugatsky
Birth Date:Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky:
28 August 1925
Batumi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union
Boris Natanovich Strugatsky:
14 April 1933
Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Death Date:Arkady:

Moscow, Russia
Boris:

Saint Petersburg, Russia
Occupation:Writers

The brothers Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky (Russian: Аркадий Натанович Стругацкий; 28 August 1925 – 12 October 1991) and Boris Natanovich Strugatsky (Russian: Борис Натанович Стругацкий; 14 April 1933 – 19 November 2012) were Soviet-Russian science-fiction authors who collaborated through most of their careers.

Life and work

The Strugatsky brothers (Russian: братья Стругацкие or simply Russian: Стругацкие) were born to Natan Strugatsky, an art critic, and his wife, a teacher. Their father was Jewish and their mother was Russian Orthodox. Their early work was influenced by Ivan Yefremov and Stanisław Lem. Later they went on to develop their own, unique style of science fiction writing that emerged from the period of Soviet rationalism in Soviet literature and evolved into novels interpreted as works of social criticism.[1]

Their best-known novel, Piknik na obochine, has been translated into English as Roadside Picnic. Andrei Tarkovsky adapted the novel for the screen as Stalker (1979).

Algis Budrys compared their "An Emergency Case" and Arkady's "Wanderers and Travellers" to the work of Eando Binder.[2] Several other of their fiction works were translated into English, German, French, and Italian, but did not receive the same magnitude of critical acclaim as that granted by their Russian audiences. The Strugatsky brothers, however, were and still are popular in many countries, including Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, the former republics of Yugoslavia, and Germany, where most of their works were available in both East and West Germany. They are well-known Russian science fiction writers with a well-developed fan base.

The Strugatsky brothers were Guests of Honour at Conspiracy '87, the 1987 World Science Fiction Convention, held in Brighton, England.

In 1991, Text Publishers brought out the collected works by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky.[3] [4]

Arkady

Arkady Strugatsky was born 25 August 1925 in Batumi; the family later moved to Leningrad. In January 1942, Arkady and his father were evacuated from the Siege of Leningrad, but Arkady was the only survivor in his train car; his father died upon reaching Vologda. Arkady was drafted into the Soviet army in 1943. He trained first at the artillery school in Aktyubinsk and later at the Military Institute of Foreign Languages in Moscow, from which he graduated in 1949 as an interpreter of English and Japanese. He worked as a teacher and interpreter for the military until 1955. In 1955, he began working as an editor and writer. In 1958, he began collaborating with his brother Boris, a collaboration that lasted until Arkady's death on .[5] Arkady Strugatsky became a member of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1964. In addition to his own writing, he translated Japanese short stories and novels, as well as some English works with his brother.

Boris

Born 14 April 1933, Boris Strugatsky remained in Leningrad with his mother during the siege of the city during World War II. He graduated from high school in 1950 and applied to the physics department at Leningrad State University, but studied astronomy instead. After graduating in 1955, he worked as an astronomer and computer engineer at the Pulkovo Observatory. In 1960 he participated in a geodetic and astronomical expedition in the Caucasus. Boris Strugatsky became a member of the writers' union of the USSR in 1964. In 1966, he became a full-time writer.[6] From 1972 he acted as the head of the Leningrad seminar of young speculative fiction writers, which subsequently became known as the "Boris Strugatsky Seminar". He established the "Bronze Snail" literary prize. He was an agnostic.[7] After the death of his brother, he published two more novels under a pseudonym. Boris Strugatsky died in Saint Petersburg on .[8] [9]

Noon Universe

Several of the Strugatsky brothers' books take place in the World of Noon, also known unofficially as the Wanderers Universe. The name is derived from the title of one of their texts, . The Noon Universe started as a "socialist utopia" in which the conflict is between "the good and the better" while the later books set in the same universe took on darker tones.[10]

The main characteristics of the Noon Universe are: a very high level of social, scientific, and technological development; creativity of the general population; and the very significant level of societal maturity compared to the modern world. For instance, this world knows no monetary stimulation (indeed, money does not exist), and every person is engaged in a profession that interests him or her. The Earth of the Noon Universe is governed by a global meritocratic council composed of the world's leading scientists and philosophers.

The Noon Universe was described by the authors as the world in which they would like to live and work. It became highly influential for at least a generation of Soviet people, e.g., a person could quote the Strugatsky books and be sure of being understood. At first the authors thought the Noon Universe would become reality "by itself", but then they realized that the only way to achieve it was by inventing the High Theory of Upbringing, making the upbringing of each person a unique deed.

One of the important story arcs of those books addresses how the advanced human civilization covertly steers the development of those considered less advanced. Agents of humans are known as Progressors. At the same time, some humans suspect that a very advanced spacefaring race called Wanderers exists and is "progressing" humanity itself.

Works

Novels

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in EnglishType of work
From BeyondИзвне19581982novella
The Land of Crimson CloudsСтрана багровых туч1959N/Anovel
The Way to Amalthea (also known as Destination: Amaltheia)Путь на Амальтею19601963novella
Полдень, XXII век19621978novel /
collection of linked stories
Space Apprentice (also known as Probationers, includes "The Gigantic Fluctuation" short story)Стажеры19621981novel
Escape AttemptПопытка к бегству19621982novella
Far RainbowДалёкая Радуга19631979novella
Hard to Be a GodТрудно быть богом19641973; 2014novel
Monday Begins on SaturdayПонедельник начинается в субботу19651977; 2017novel
The Final Circle of ParadiseХищные вещи века19651976novel
Disquiet (initial variant of Snail on the Slope)Беспокойство1990
(written 1965)
N/Anovella
Snail on the SlopeУлитка на склоне1966–68
(written 1965)
1980; 2018novel
Ugly Swans (re-translated in English in 2020 and published as a nested novel with Lame Fate)Гадкие лебеди (also known as Время дождя)1972
(written 1966–67)
1972; 2020novel; nested novel
The Second Invasion from Mars
(also known as The Second Martian Invasion)
Второе нашествие марсиан19671970novella
Tale of the TroikaСказка о Тройке19681977novella
Prisoners of Power (also known as The Inhabited Island)Обитаемый остров19691977; 2020novel
Dead Mountaineer's Hotel (also known as Inspector Glebsky's Puzzle)Отель «У Погибшего Альпиниста»19701982, 2015novel
Space MowgliМалыш19711982novel
Roadside PicnicПикник на обочине19721977; 2012novel
The Kid from HellПарень из преисподней19741982novella
The Doomed CityГрад обреченный1988–89
(written 1970–75)
2016novel
One Billion Years to the End of the World (originally published in English under the title Definitely Maybe)За миллиард лет до конца света19771978; 2014; 2020novella
Tale of Friendship and Non-friendshipПовесть о дружбе и недружбе19801988novelette
Beetle in the AnthillЖук в муравейнике19801980novel
Lame Fate (translated into English in 2020 and published as a nested novel with Ugly Swans)Хромая судьба19862020novel; nested novel
The Time Wanderers (also translated into English in 2023 and published under the title The Waves Extinguish The Wind)Волны гасят ветер19861987novel
Overburdened with EvilОтягощённые злом1988N/Anovel

Short stories

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in EnglishComments
The White Cone of the Alaid Белый конус Алаида 1959 1968 included in the novel as "Defeat"
A Man from Pacifides Человек из Пасифиды 1962 N/A
The Gigantic Fluctuation Гигантская флуктуация 1962 1973 included in the novel Space Apprentice
Wanderers and Travelers О странствующих и путешествующих 1963 1966 included in the novel as Pilgrims and Wayfarers

Short story collections

Short stories originally published in Six Matches:

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in English
Six Matches Шесть спичек 1958 1961
Spontaneous Reflex (also known as Initiative) Спонтанный рефлекс 1958 1959
Forgotten Experiment Забытый эксперимент 1959 N/A
The Examination of SCYBER Испытание СКИБР 1959 N/A
Special Assumptions Частные предположения 1959 N/A
An Emergency Case Чрезвычайное происшествие 1960 1966

Short stories originally published as part of the novel :

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in English
Night on Mars Ночь в пустыне 1960 1978
Almost the Same Почти такие же 1960 1978
Old-timer Перестарок 1961 1978
The Conspirators (short story) Злоумышленники 1962 1978
Chronicle Хроника 1961 1978
Two from the Taimyr Двое с «Таймыра» 1961 1978
The Moving Roads Самодвижущиеся дороги 1961 1978
Cornucopia Скатерть-самобранка 1961 1978
Homecoming Возвращение (also known as Известные люди and Пациенты доктора Протоса)1962 1978
Langour of the Spirit Томление духа 1962 1978
The Assaultmen Десантники 1961 1978
Deep Search Глубокий поиск 1960 1978
Pilgrims and Wayfarers (also known as
Wanderers and Travelers)
О странствующих и путешествующих 1963 1978
The Planet with all the Conveniences Благоустроенная планета 1961 1978
The Mystery of the Hind Leg Загадка задней ноги (a.k.a. Великий КРИ) 1961 1978
Natural Science in the Spirit World Естествознание в мире духов 1962 1978
Candles Before the Control Board Свечи перед пультом 1961 1978
The Meeting Свидание (a.k.a. Люди, люди...) 1961 1978
What You Will Be Like Какими вы будете 1961 1978

Plays

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in English
Five Spoonfuls of Elixir: A Film ScriptПять ложек эликсира19831986
Without WeaponsБез оружия1989N/A
Zhyds of St. Petersburg, or Melancholy Talks by CandlelightЖиды города Питера, или Невесёлые беседы при свечах1990N/A

Solo works

The following titles were published by Arkady Strugatsky under the pseudonym S. Yaroslavtsev (C. Ярославцев):

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in EnglishType of work
The Expedition into Inferno Экспедиция в преисподнюю 1974 N/A novel
The Details of Nikita Vorontsov's Life Подробности жизни Никиты Воронцова 1984 1989 short story
Devil Amongst People Дьявол среди людей 1991 N/A novella

The following titles were published by Boris Strugatsky under the pseudonym S. Vititsky (С. Витицкий):

English titleRussian titlePublished in RussianPublished in EnglishType of work
Search for Destiny or the Twenty Seventh Theorem of Ethics Поиск предназначения, или Двадцать седьмая теорема этики 1994 N/A novel
The Powerless that be Бессильные мира сего 2003 N/A novel

Adaptations

The Strugatsky's books were often adapted for screen, stage, comics, and video games. Some of the adaptations are very loose, like Tarkovsky's Stalker, some are not adaptations but rather new scripts written by the Brothers themselves, like The Sorcerers.

Legacy

Several writers have to a varying degree paid their tribute to the works of Strugatsky brothers:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 1968: Strugatsky Brothers. 2014. 28 May 2014. Seventeen Moments in Soviet history. Macalester College. von Geldern. James.
  2. Budrys . Algis . September 1968 . Galaxy Bookshelf . Galaxy Science Fiction . 187–193.
  3. Book: Осенев, И.А. . Фантастика нашего времени: новейшие собрания сочинений братьев Стругацких . Fiction of our time: the latest collections of works by the Strugatsky brothers.
  4. Бабенко В., Бак Д., Василевский А., Иванова Н., Курицын В., Латынина А., Немзер А., Ткачёв М . Пикник в муравейнике: Феномен братьев Стругацких . Литературная газета.
  5. Alexandr Usov, Strugatsky Brothers bio
  6. http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/sforres1/syllabi/R+EE_SF/StrugatskysQ.html Arkadii and Boris Strugatsky, Escape Attempt
  7. Web site: Boris Strugatsky: "The seeds of culture do not die even in the soil, which seems to be frozen to the bottom,". Cobepwehho Cekpetho. 14 December 2012. Boris Strugatsky. I was an atheist, or as it is now for some reason, say, an agnostic. I (unfortunately or fortunately) I can not bring myself to believe in the existence of a conscious self Omnipotence that controls my life and the life of humanity..
  8. Lenta.ru (20 November 2012), Умер Борис Стругацкий.
  9. Locus Online (19 November 2012), Boris Strugatsky (1933–2012)
  10. News: (Give Me That) Old-Time Socialist Utopia . 25 May 2024 . The Paris Review . 11 May 2015.
  11. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0906052/ IMDb record of TV movie Nesmluvená setkání
  12. Web site: Works. F.A.Q. Full list of questions and answers. Sergei Lukyanenko. 14 February 2008. ru. Sergei Lukyanenko.
  13. http://www.rusf.ru/abs/int0136.htm OFF-LINE интервью с Борисом Стругацким Январь 2010
  14. https://baltika.fm/news/94465 В Петербурге отложили открытие музея Стругацких с донецким архивом
  15. Web site: Darkwood FAQ. Darkwood. Acid Wizard Studio. July 20, 2016.
  16. Web site: Steam :: Disco Elysium :: Disco Elysium - FAQ - Inspiration & Recommendations. 17 January 2020.