Arhynchobdellida Explained

Arhynchobdellida, the proboscisless leeches, are a monophyletic order of leeches. They are defined by the lack of the protrusible proboscis that defines their sister taxon, the Rhynchobdellida.[1] [2] Arhynchobdellida is a diverse order, compromising both aquatic and terrestrial, besides sanguivorous and predatory, leeches. The order is divided into two suborders, Erpobdelliformes and Hirudiniformes (sometimes also called the Pharyngobdelliformes and Gnathobdelliformes, respectively).

Taxonomy

Historically, the Arhynchobdellida were split into two orders, the Gnathobdellida and the Pharyngobdellida.[3] The Gnathobdellida were jawed and carnivorous or parasitic while the Pharyngobdellida were jawless and carnivorous.[4] [5] Current taxonomy accepts the order Arhynchobdellida and divides into two suborders. There are 215 species of Arhynchobdellid leech, in 47 genera and 13 families.[6] The placement of Americobdellidae is uncertain; it has rudimentary jaws and is terrestrial.

Erpobdelliformes

Erpobdelliformes are jawless predators of aquatic invertebrates of varying sizes, including insect larvae, mollusks, and other annelids.[7] [8] Unlike other leeches, they do not penetrate the skin of hosts; and are not at all parasitic.[9] [10] The pharynx is spirally twisted and very large to allow for large prey; it can constitute up to one third of the leech's body length.

Hirudiniformes

Hirudiniformes are a diverse suborder defined by the presence of toothed jaws.

Cladogram

Notes and References

  1. Book: Ecology, Environment and Conservation . EM International, Publishers of Quality International Journals. 10.53550/eec .
  2. Uttam, Suneha, and Seema Langer. "Distribution and Identification key for species of freshwater leech genus Erpobdella Blainville, 1818 (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes: Erpobdellidae)."
  3. Feb 1987 . PAR volume 94 issue 1 Cover and Back matter . Parasitology . en . 94 . 1 . b1–b3 . 10.1017/S0031182000053385 . 1469-8161. free .
  4. Web site: Pharyngobdellida Encyclopedia.com . 2023-01-01 . www.encyclopedia.com.
  5. Web site: Gnathobdellida Encyclopedia.com . 2023-01-01 . www.encyclopedia.com.
  6. Web site: Proboscisless leeches - Encyclopedia of Life . 2023-01-01 . www.eol.org.
  7. Kwak . Hee-Jin . Kim . Jung-Hyeuk . Kim . Joo-Young . Jeon . Donggu . Lee . Doo-Hyung . Yoo . Shinja . Kim . Jung . Eyun . Seong-il . Park . Soon Cheol . Cho . Sung-Jin . 2021-05-25 . Behavioral variation according to feeding organ diversification in glossiphoniid leeches (Phylum: Annelida) . Scientific Reports . en . 11 . 1 . 10940 . 10.1038/s41598-021-90421-1 . 34035418 . 235199192 . 2045-2322. free . 8149456 .
  8. Web site: Phylogeny and Revision of Erpobdelliformes (Annelida, Arhynchobdellida) from Mexico Based on Nuclear and Mithochondrial Gene Sequences . 2022-12-31 . Docslib.
  9. Kutschera, U. "Description of a new leech species, Erpobdella wuttkei nov. sp.(Hirudinea: Erpobdellidae)."
  10. Borda . Elizabeth . Siddall . Mark E . Jan 2004 . Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): phylogenetic relationships and evolution . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 30 . 1 . 213–225 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.002 . 15022771 . 1055-7903.

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