1999 Argentine general election explained

Election Name:1999 Argentine general election
Country:Argentina
Module:
Election Name:Presidential election
Embed:yes
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1995 Argentine general election
Previous Year:1995
Next Election:2003 Argentine general election
Next Year:2003
Election Date:24 October 1999
Party Name:no
Registered:24,111,270
Turnout:82.32%
Image1:Fernando de la Rúa con bastón y banda de presidente (recortada).jpg
Nominee1:Fernando de la Rúa
Party1:Radical Civic Union
Color1:C90016
Alliance1:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education
Running Mate1:Carlos Álvarez
States Carried1:19 + CABA
Popular Vote1:9,167,220
Percentage1:48.37%
Nominee2:Eduardo Duhalde
Party2:Justicialist Party
Color2:75AADB
Alliance2:Justicialist Consensus for Change
Running Mate2:Ramón Ortega
States Carried2:4
Popular Vote2:7,255,586
Percentage2:38.28%
Image3:Domingo_Cavallo_(cropped).jpg
Nominee3:Domingo Cavallo
Party3:Action for the Republic
Alliance3:Action for the Republic
Color3:3E5298
Popular Vote3:1,937,544
Percentage3:10.22%
States Carried3:0
Running Mate3:Armando Caro Figueroa
President
Before Election:Carlos Menem
After Election:Fernando de la Rúa
Before Party:Justicialist Party
After Party:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education
Module:
Embed:yes
Election Name:Legislative election
Previous Election:1997
Next Election:2001
Seats For Election:130 of 257 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
Election Date:8 August 1999 to 24 October 1999
Turnout:82.27%
Noleader:yes
Heading1:Chamber of Deputies
Color1:
  1. E10019
Party1:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education
Percentage1:45.89%
Last Election1:65
Seats1:66
Color2:
  1. 318CE7
Party2:Justicialist Party
Percentage2:38.63%
Last Election2:52
Seats2:51
Color3:
  1. 3E5298
Party3:Action for the Republic
Percentage3:8.12%
Last Election3:3
Seats3:9
Color4:grey
Party4:Buenos Aires Unity Party
Percentage4:1.57%
Last Election4:0
Seats4:1
Color5:
  1. 005C9E
Party5:Democratic Party of Mendoza
Percentage5:1.27%
Last Election5:2
Seats5:1
Color6:
  1. 0070B8
Party6:Republican Force
Percentage6:0.54%
Last Election6:2
Seats6:1
Color7:
  1. 0070B8
Party7:Neuquén People's Movement
Percentage7:0.48%
Last Election7:1
Seats7:1
Party8:Others
Percentage8:4.04%
Last Election8:2
Seats8:0
Map:Mapa de las elecciones legislativas de Argentina de 1999.png
Map Upright:1

Argentina held presidential elections on 24 October 1999. Legislative elections were held on four dates, 8 August, 12 September, 26 September and 24 October, though most polls took place on 24 October.

Background

The Convertibility Plan, which had helped bring about stable prices and economic recovery and modernization, had endured the 1995 Mexican peso crisis, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and other global shocks; but not without strain. Argentine business confidence struggled following these events and unemployment, already higher as a result of a wave of imports and sharp gains in productivity after 1990, had hovered around 15% since 1995. Economic problems also led to a sudden increase in crime, particularly property crime, and President Carlos Menem's unpopularity had left his Justicialist Party (whose populist Peronist platform he had largely abandoned) weakened.[1] [2]

Having himself experienced the burdens of an economy in crisis, former president and centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR) leader Raúl Alfonsín negotiated the Alliance for Work, Justice, and Education between the center-left FREPASO, who had finished second in the 1995 general elections, and his own UCR party. The Alliance had great electoral success in the 1997 midterm elections winning a majority of congressional seats up for election preventing the Justicialist Party from obtaining a legislative majority, though they retained a legislative plurality. Following their initial victory, the party geared for the 1999 elections by nominating Buenos Aires Mayor Fernando de la Rúa for president and FREPASO leader Carlos 'Chacho' Álvarez as his running mate. De la Rúa had overwhelmingly won the party's Álvarez, a former Peronist who had broken ranks with his party following Menem's turn to the right in 1989, remained the country's most prominent center-left figure following FREPASO's defeat in 1995. He also provided an ideological counterbalance to De la Rúa, a moderately conservative UCR figure who had himself, in 1973, previously been the running mate on a UCR ticket defeated by Juan Perón.

The Justicialist Party was badly positioned as the economy re-entered recession in late 1998. President Menem had only worsened its image by flirting with seeking an unprecedented third straight term, though this was barred by the Argentine Constitution. Unable to persuade Congress to approve these plans, he pledged to run again in 2003, stating that "if I had been permitted to run, I am sure I would have won."[3] His dismissal of de la Rúa as "boring" moreover was effectively used by the Alliance campaign in their ads, by which de la Rúa's tedium became a desirable alternative to Menem's "party" (a reference to the outgoing administration's numerous corruption scandals).[4]

Broadsides like these only further undermined his party's nominee, Buenos Aires Province Governor Eduardo Duhalde, who as a more traditional Peronist, had been distanced from the President since being elected governor in 1991. Duhalde's own approval suffered, however, as crime rates in the Greater Buenos Aires area (home to 2/3 of his constituents) rose steadily. This weakness was highlighted by the Ramallo massacre, a botched police intervention of a bank robbery on September 17 in which members of the force were implicated. An imposing figure in his party despite his diminutive height, Duhalde could only agree on a marginal figure in the party as his running mate: pop musician and former Tucumán Province Governor Ramón Ortega.[5]

Domingo Cavallo, the economist behind the "Argentine miracle" of the early 1990s, had become unpopular during the 1995 recession. He was acrimoniously dismissed by the President in 1996 following his public allegations of influential "mafias" in Menem's entourage. His statements gained validity, however, following the 1997 murder of a news magazine photojournalist targeted by a shipping magnate close to Menem. Cavallo founded the Action for the Republic, and thus became a further obstacle to Duhalde, who would now lose a large share of the Menem vote to the unpredictable economist.[5]

The recession, which had begun to ease on the eve of the October 24 election date, remained a central campaign issue. De la Rúa, who had earned plaudits for his fiscal discipline while mayor of Buenos Aires, stressed the need to crack down on graft and corruption. Besides referring to Menem himself, he pointed to the presence of exiled Paraguayan strongman General Lino Oviedo (who had been allowed in as a fugitive by Menem) as a poster child of the prevailing state of the rule of law. Duhalde focused on promises to combat the recession and double-digit unemployment. An anticipated runoff election was ultimately not needed, since the Alliance obtained 48% of the total vote - winning on the first round by 10% over Duhalde. Cavallo received only 10%, and much of the remainder went to left-wing parties (in contrast to 1995, when the far-right gained top minor-party status).[5]

The 1999 legislative elections renewed about half of the Chamber of Deputies (130 seats); there were no elections to the Senate. The Alliance obtained 63 seats, the Justicialist Party 51, and Domingo Cavallo's Action for the Republic 7. This left the Justicialists in the minority in the Lower House for the first time since 1989.[6]

Candidates for President

Results

President

Presidential
candidate
Vice Presidential
candidate
PartyVotes%
align=left rowspan=4Fernando de la Rúaalign=left rowspan=4Carlos Álvarezbgcolor=#E10019 rowspan=4Total de la Rúa - Álvarez9,167,22048.37
Alliance for Work, Justice and Education (Alianza)8,788,83446.37
Democratic Progressive Party (PDP)297,1291.57
Autonomist - Liberal - Democratic Progressive81,2570.43
align=left rowspan=8Eduardo Duhaldealign=left rowspan=8Ramón "Palito" Ortegabgcolor=#318CE7 rowspan=8Total Duhalde - Ortega7,253,90238.27
Justicialist Consensus for Change6,466,86734.12
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCEDE)562,6742.97
Federal Integration Front79,7490.42
Justicialist Party (PJ)69,3970.37
United Popular Movement50,0820.26
Front of Hope18,0890.10
Federal Party7,0440.04
align=left rowspan=3Domingo Cavalloalign=left rowspan=3Armando Caro Figueroabgcolor=#3E5298 rowspan=3Total Cavallo - Caro Figueroa1,937,54410.22
Action for the Republic1,859,9959.81
Union of the Democratic Centre of Santa Fe (UCEDE)77,5490.41
Patricia WalshRogelio de Leonardibgcolor=redUnited Left (IU)151,9770.80
Lía MéndezJorge Pompeibgcolor=orangeHumanist Party (PH)131,8110.70
Jorge AltamiraPablo Rieznikbgcolor=darkredWorkers' Party (PO)113,9160.60
Jorge Emilio ReynaNéstor Gabriel Mocciabgcolor=lightblueResistance Front57,1330.30
Juan Ricardo MussaIrene Fernanda Herrerabgcolor=darkblueSocial Christian Alliance53,1430.28
José Alberto MontesOscar Hernándezbgcolor=redSocialist Workers' Party (PTS)43,9110.23
Domingo Camilo QuarracinoAmelia Reartebgcolor=pinkAuthentic Socialist Party (PSA)43,1470.23
Total18,953,704100
Positive votes18,953,70495.49
Blank votes708,8763.57
Invalid votes186,7610.94
Total votes19,849,341100
Registered voters/turnout24,111,27082.32
Sources:[7] [8]

Chamber of Deputies

PartyVotes%Seats wonTotal seats
Alliance for Work, Justice and Education (Alianza)8,497,07645.8966131
Justicialist Consensus for Change7,153,78638.6351103
Action for the Republic (AR)1,502,7328.12912
bgcolor=greyBuenos Aires Unity Party (PAUBO)289,8601.5711
Democratic Party of Mendoza (PD)235,3571.2713
bgcolor=orangeHumanist Party (PH)144,7120.78
bgcolor=redUnited Left (IU)150,4930.81
bgcolor=darkredWorkers' Party (PO)110,5760.60
Republican Force (FR)99,5720.5413
Neuquén People's Movement (MPN)89,7980.4812
bgcolor=pinkAuthentic Socialist Party (PSA)46,0010.25
bgcolor=lightblueResistance Front42,3880.23
bgcolor=redSocialist Workers' Party (PTS)35,9770.19
bgcolor=purpleUnity and Liberty Party (PUyL)23,4710.13
bgcolor=lightgreyUnion for the Future20,6700.11
bgcolor=lightgreyNeighborhood Unity Movement12,5450.07
bgcolor=lightgreyRenewal Party11,4040.06
bgcolor=darkblueSocial Christian Alliance6,7110.04
bgcolor=lightgreyNew Alliance6,5950.04
bgcolor=lightgreyNew Liberal Alternative Party5,6550.03
bgcolor=lightgreyParty of the City5,5730.03
bgcolor=lightgreyRío Gallegos Neighborhood Movement for Santa Cruz4,8360.03
bgcolor=darkblueFueguian People's Movement (MOPOF)4,5620.021
bgcolor=lightgreyEducational Party3,4630.02
Chaco Action (ACHA)3,1850.02
bgcolor=lightgreyThird Epoch Party2,9210.02
bgcolor=lightgreyFuegian Action Front2,0840.01
bgcolor=lightgreySalta Solidarity Party1,6030.01
bgcolor=lightgreyIndependence Party1,5400.01
bgcolor=lightgreySolidarity Movement1,4320.01
bgcolor=lightgreyEmancipatory Front2920.00
Development and Justice PartyDid not run1
Total18,516,870100130257
align=left colspan=2Positive votes18,516,87093.37
align=left colspan=2Blank votes1,122,9805.66
align=left colspan=2Invalid votes192,8620.97
align=left colspan=2Total votes19,832,712100
align=left colspan=2Registered voters/turnout24,107,41482.27
Sources:[9]

Results by province

ProvinceAlianzaJusticialist ConsensusAROthers
Votes%SeatsVotes%SeatsVotes%SeatsVotes%Seats
scope=rowBuenos Airesbgcolor=pink3,080,133bgcolor=pink43.30align=center bgcolor=pink162,984,89841.9716511,4657.192536,1757.541
scope=rowBuenos Aires Citybgcolor=pink1,029,340bgcolor=pink52.39align=center bgcolor=pink8439,19922.351348,81417.753147,5707.51
scope=rowCatamarcabgcolor=pink82,086bgcolor=pink53.94align=center bgcolor=pink166,57043.7413,5372.32
scope=rowChacobgcolor=pink255,096bgcolor=pink58.60align=center bgcolor=pink2172,84639.7117,3511.69
scope=rowChubutbgcolor=pink105,017bgcolor=pink60.74align=center bgcolor=pink264,34637.2113,5442.05
scope=rowCórdobabgcolor=pink761,728bgcolor=pink45.74align=center bgcolor=pink4675,20340.554170,21510.22158,1113.49
scope=rowCorrientes192,17545.432bgcolor=lightblue203,569bgcolor=lightblue48.12align=center bgcolor=lightblue222,5625.334,6961.11
scope=rowEntre Ríosbgcolor=pink315,659bgcolor=pink49.94align=center bgcolor=pink2289,11745.74221,6553.435,6260.89
scope=rowFormosa91,79148.651bgcolor=lightblue95,743bgcolor=lightblue50.74align=center bgcolor=lightblue21,1500.61
scope=rowJujuybgcolor=pink116,369bgcolor=pink49.32align=center bgcolor=pink2107,76245.6717,5133.184,2891.82
scope=rowLa Pampa79,26047.631bgcolor=lightblue79,601bgcolor=lightblue47.84align=center bgcolor=lightblue15,4683.292,0731.25
scope=rowLa Rioja38,86031.021bgcolor=lightblue86,412bgcolor=lightblue68.98align=center bgcolor=lightblue2
scope=rowMendozabgcolor=pink302,244bgcolor=pink38.27align=center bgcolor=pink2175,16422.18166,8128.461245,53131.091
scope=rowMisiones189,93845.682bgcolor=lightblue224,029bgcolor=lightblue53.87align=center bgcolor=lightblue21,8740.45
scope=rowNeuquén74,67136.31133,32716.21bgcolor=LightSteelBlue97,623bgcolor=LightSteelBlue47.48align=center bgcolor=LightSteelBlue1
scope=rowRío Negrobgcolor=pink136,121bgcolor=pink57.32align=center bgcolor=pink260,96125.67134,20514.406,1882.61
scope=rowSaltabgcolor=pink200,697bgcolor=pink44.94align=center bgcolor=pink2210,72347.18220,0444.4915,1513.39
scope=rowSan Juanbgcolor=pink159,254bgcolor=pink51.92align=center bgcolor=pink299,52132.44145,01314.672,9500.96
scope=rowSan Luisbgcolor=pink73,276bgcolor=pink44.62align=center bgcolor=pink167,49041.09123,47114.29
scope=rowSanta Cruzbgcolor=pink37,561bgcolor=pink45.85align=center bgcolor=pink137,33445.5817,0208.57
scope=rowSanta Febgcolor=pink865,846bgcolor=pink52.32align=center bgcolor=pink6547,00433.053194,64411.76147,4682.87
scope=rowSantiago del Esterobgcolor=pink115,652bgcolor=pink34.35align=center bgcolor=pink2189,62756.3328,7762.6122,5976.71
scope=rowTierra del Fuego10,11225.7619,65824.601bgcolor=LightSteelBlue11,484bgcolor=LightSteelBlue29.26align=center bgcolor=LightSteelBlue18,00020.38
scope=rowTucumán184,19032.702bgcolor=lightblue233,682bgcolor=lightblue41.49align=center bgcolor=lightblue234,0626.05111,28119.761
Total8,497,07645.89667,153,78638.63511,502,7328.1291,363,2767.364

Governors

Provincial elections were held in every province except Corrientes. Elections for Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires were held the following May. The Justicialist Party increased their majority among governors by one, to 15; outgoing Vice President Carlos Ruckauf was elected Governor of Buenos Aires Province, the nation's largest. The UCR retained 6, mainly in the Alliance (all but 3 Alliance candidates, in turn, were from the UCR). The Justicialists wrested governorships from the UCR (Córdoba), from the MPF in Tierra del Fuego (which endorsed the Justicialists), and from the far-right Republican Force (Tucumán); the UCR, in turn, displaced the Justicialists in Entre Ríos, Mendoza, and San Juan.[10] [11]

DistrictElected GovernorParty%Runner-upParty%
48.3 FREPASO (Alliance) 41.4
Civic Social Front (UCR) 52.6 44.7
Ángel Rozas R 63.4 35.9
José Lizurume UCR (Alliance) 52.0 Justicialist 46.1
City of Buenos Aires1 FREPASO (Alliance) 49.3 33.2
Córdoba2 Justicialist 49.6 Ramón Mestre LUCR 40.5
UCR (Alliance) 49.1 Héctor Maya 47.5
Gildo Insfrán R Justicialist 73.7 Gabriel Hernández UCR (Alliance) 26.1
Eduardo Fellner R Justicialist 50.6 UCR (Alliance) 49.4
Rubén Marín R Justicialist 56.7 Juan Carlos Passo UCR (Alliance) 39.8
Ángel Maza R Justicialist 68.6 José Luis Bellia UCR (Alliance) 29.5
UCR (Alliance) 37.9 Carlos Balter 32.2
Carlos Rovira R 53.7 Ricardo Barrios Arrechea UCR (Alliance)45.8
44.2 Oscar Massei FREPASO (Alliance) 36.7
Pablo Verani RUCR (Alliance) 48.6 Remo Costanzo 41.7
Juan Carlos Romero R Justicialist 58.5 UCR (Alliance) 40.2
UCR (Alliance) 55.7 Jorge Escobar LJusticialist 42.3
Adolfo Rodríguez Saá RJusticialist 54.3 Walter Ceballos UCR (Alliance) 45.0
Néstor Kirchner RJusticialist 54.6 Anselmo Martínez UCR (Alliance) 44.3
Justicialist 57.6 UCR (Alliance) 41.4
Carlos Juárez RJusticialist 52.2 Héctor Ruiz New Alliance 26.3
Carlos Manfredotti Justicialist 50.9 UCR (Alliance) 49.1
Justicialist 36.5 Ricardo Bussi 35.8
----

1: Election held May 7, 2000. The City of Buenos Aires is not a province but an autonomous federal territory. The head of the local Executive is referred to as "Government Chief."

2: Election held December 20, 1998.

R: Reelected.

L: Incumbent lost.

See also

Notes and References

  1. http://todo-argentina.net/historia/democracia/menem2/index.html Todo Argentina: 1995-99
  2. Web site: Argentina: Elections held in 1999. IPU.
  3. Web site: Anti-Peronist claims victory in Argentina presidential election. CNN. October 24, 1999. 2009-05-19. https://archive.today/20120718052319/http://quiz.cnn.com/WORLD/americas/9910/24/argentina.election.03/. 2012-07-18. dead.
  4. Web site: Vote for me, declares Argentine. I'm boring.. New York Times. September 26, 1999.
  5. http://todo-argentina.net/historia/democracia/menem2/1999.html Todo Argentina: 1999
  6. Web site: Diputados Nacionales, 1999. Atlas Electoral de Andy Tow. 2012-07-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20120322083810/http://towsa.com/andy/totalpais/1999d.html. 2012-03-22. dead.
  7. Web site: Recorriendo las Elecciones de 1983 a 2013 - Presidenciales. Dirección Nacional Electoral. 2017-09-27. 2017-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20170928005511/https://recorriendo.elecciones.gob.ar/presidente1999.html#/3/1. dead.
  8. Web site: Elecciones Nacionales ESCRUTINIO DEFINITIVO 1999. https://web.archive.org/web/20160324121126/http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/asuntos_politicos_y_alectorales/dine/infogral/RESULTADOS%20HISTORICOS/1999.pdf . 24 March 2016 . Ministry of the Interior .
  9. Web site: Recorriendo las Elecciones de 1983 a 2013 - Diputados Nacionales . Dirección Nacional Electoral . 2021-01-03 . 2022-06-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220626141332/https://recorriendo.elecciones.gob.ar/diputados1999.html#/ . dead .
  10. Web site: Gobernador electo (1999). Atlas Electoral de Andy Tow. 2012-07-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20120404175224/http://towsa.com/andy/totalpais/1999g.html. 2012-04-04. dead.
  11. Web site: En el 2003, el peronismo logra el mayor predominio político-electoral de los últimos veinte años . Observatorio Electoral Latinoamericano . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130924091126/http://www.observatorioelectoral.org/informes/electoral/?country=argentina&file=031125 . 2013-09-24 .