Ardulfurataini Explained

Arabic: أرض الفراتين
Transcription:Arḍu l-Furātayni
English Title:Land of the Euphrates
Prefix:Former national
Alt Title:"Ardulfurataini Watan"
Alt Title 2:"Land of The Two Rivers"
Composer:Walid Georges Gholmieh
Music Date:1981[1]
Adopted:17 July 1981
Until:2003
Predecessor:"Walla Zaman Ya Selahy"
Successor:"Mawtini"
Sound:Ardh al Furatayn full.ogg
Sound Title:Full Vocal Version

"Arḍu l-Furātayni" (Arabic: أرض الفراتين|lit=Land of the Euphrates), also known as the "Land of The Two Rivers", "Ardulfurataini Watan" or "Ardulfurataini", was the national anthem of Iraq from 1981 to 2003, during the Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein.

History

It was adopted in 1981, written by [2] (who died in 1984) with music by Walid Georges Gholmieh.[3]

The lyrics make mention of important people in Iraqi history, such as Saladin, Harun al-Rashid, and al-Muthanna ibn Haritha, with the last verse extolling Ba'athism.

In shortened performances, the chorus was played twice, preceded by an instrumental introduction. Other abridged performances had the chorus twice, then the first verse once, concluding with the chorus performed twice.[4] In full performances, the chorus was sung first twice, then each verse once with the chorus repeated twice in between, then the chorus sung again twice at the end.[5]

After the ousting of Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime in 2003,[6] the former national anthem of Iraq from the late 1950s and early 1960s, "Mawtini" (not to be confused with the current Iraqi national anthem of the same name) was reintroduced on a provisional basis. That was replaced in 2004 by the new Iraqi government with a new national anthem, also called "Mawtini", which is currently in use today.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Walid Georges Gholmieh. www.arkivmusic.com. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20110608170637/http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/Name/Walid-Georges-Gholmieh/Composer/124957-1. 2011-06-08.
  2. Book: Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. 7 November 2013. Scarecrow Press. 9780810879423. Google Books.
  3. Book: Taus-Bolstad, Stacy. Iraq in Pictures. 1 September 2003. Twenty-First Century Books. 9780822509349. Google Books.
  4. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Web site: Old Iraq National Anthem (1979-2003) [Military Salute] ]. YouTube.
  5. https://web.archive.org/web/20171202043714/http://www.albasrah.net/ar_articles_2005/0905/nshid_210905.htm "Ardulfurataini" full lyrics in Arabic along with MP3 of singing
  6. Web site: Iraq (1958-1965, 2003-2004) – nationalanthems.info. 1 December 2017. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033832/http://www.nationalanthems.info/iq-65.htm. 1 December 2017.