Architecture of Plymouth, Pennsylvania explained

Introduction

Plymouth, Pennsylvania sits on the west side of Pennsylvania's Wyoming Valley, wedged between the Susquehanna River and the Shawnee Mountain range. Just below the mountain are hills that surround the town and form a natural amphitheater that separates the town from the rest of the valley. Below the hills, the flat lands are formed in the shape of a frying pan, the pan being the Shawnee flats, once the center of the town's agricultural activities, and the handle being a spit of narrow land extending east from the flats, where the center of town is located.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Plymouth's primary industry was agriculture, and many of its residents were the descendants of the Connecticut Yankees who first settled the town. Its early architecture resembled that of a small New England village. However, vast anthracite coal beds lay below the surface at various depths, and by the 1850s, coal mining was the town's primary occupation, attracting a more diverse population. After the arrival of the railroad in 1857, the town's architecture became more typical of a growing industrial center.

Notable buildings (1780–1860)

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Morse Tavern(a.k.a. Jenkins House)1873 PhotoEast Main St. across from Elm StreetBuilt c. 1780DemolishedResidence/Tavern of Dr. Anna Morse

Partly Demolished December 1882.[1]

'Old Jenkins House' moved in March 1883.[2]

House Demolished 1883–1884.

Elm tree cut down September 1895.[3]

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Old Stone HouseUndated PhotoWest Main St. below Coal St.Built c. 1780ExtantMethodist congregation met there in 1792.[4]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Ransom House1873 PhotoWest Main St. near Coal StreetBuilt c. 1800Demolished after 1873An example of New England domestic architecture brought to Plymouth by Connecticut settlers.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Wadhams Homestead1864 Map

1873 Photo

2007 Photo

Academy St., near Shawnee AvenueBuilt c. 1810Extant, but much altered1864: On Schooley Map as "Wadhams Homestead"

1873: On Beers Map as "Wadhams Homestead"

1915: "although it has been changed in appearance and altered to suit the requirements of tenants, [it] is apparently in as good condition as ever."[5]

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
The Old Academy1873 Photo

Photo About 1875

West Main St., at Academy StreetBuilt 1815Converted to Tenements by 1896.[6] Demolished c. 19551815: Built with funds, and on land, provided by Calvin Wadhams. School use lower floor & Church use upper floor1873: Both upper & lower floors assigned for School use

1884: Plymouth Borough gave the Old Academy to the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., in trade for the land at Shawnee Avenue on which the First High School (Central School) was built in 1884.[7]

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Joseph Wright House1873 Photo

1937 Photo

West Main St., below Coal StreetBuilt c. 1815DemolishedJoseph Wright was the father of Hendrick Bradley Wright.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Henderson Gaylord House1873 Photo

1935 Photo

2007 Photo

135 West Main Street near Wadhams StreetBuilt c. 1830Extant but altered
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Jameson Harvey House1864 Painting

1938 Photo

McDonald St. near West Nanticoke, PABuilt 1832Extant but alteredBarn (now a residence) sits across the street
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Elijah C. Wadhams House (a.k.a. Parrish House Hotel)1864 Map

1884 Aerial Map

1873 Photo

Main Street east of Academy StreetBuilt c. 1852.[8] Demolished1852: Built by _____ Bennett1873: Sold by E.C. Wadhams

1875: Converted to a hotel by A.M. Jeffords.[9]

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Methodist Church (First Church Building)Photo 1856—1876Main Street across from Academy StreetDedicated October 8, 1856.[10] Dismantled and relocated in 1876–1877Dismantled and rebuilt at Forty Fort, PA, and rededicated 1877,[11] but destroyed by fire June 2, 1900.[12] [13]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Christian ChurchPhoto about 1904

Photo 2009

Main Street near Center AvenueDedicated August 1857.Extant (as of 2022)1857: building attributed to Thomas U. Walter, Architect

1888: alterations to entrance portico

1905: rededicated with new facade and added steeple

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Derby's FoundryPhoto 1920West Railroad St., near Hanover St.Built 1860Demolished1860: Built by John F. Derby as a foundry1870: Converted to a planing mill and lumber yard

1873: On Beers Map as "Harvey Bros. & Kern"

1912: On Sanborn Map as "West Lumber & Mfgr"

1925: On Sanborn Map as "Plymouth Lumber Co"

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

Notable buildings (1861–1880)

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First National Bank(First Building)Photo c. 1875

Photo About 1904

Main Street below Gaylord AvenueBuilt c. 1865Replaced by New Building in 1915
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First Presbyterian Church1910 Postcard

1910 Postcard

Church StreetFoundation 1866Dedicated June 13, 1868DemolishedMasonry Entrance and Steeple added between 1884–1891

Architect of Sunday School Annex (Built 1896): Harry Livingston French.[14]

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First Welsh Baptist Church(First Church Building)1873 MapGirard Avenue at Ashley StreetBuilt 1870Destroyed by fire in 1875.[15] Brick structure designed by Welsh-born, Wilkes-Barre architect Aneurin Jones (1822–1904).[16] [17] The Congregation relocated to Shawnee Avenue after 1875 fire
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Smith Opera House1873 Photo

1884 Sketch

1918 Photo

West Main StreetBuilt 1871Collapsed During Renovation in 1918Replaced by Polish Alliance Hall in 1928
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Willow St School(First School Building)1873 Map

1884 Aerial Map

Willow StreetLand purchased 1870.[18] Built 1872.Demolished April 1892 after mine subsidence.[19] Replaced by new school building in 1892
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Franklin Street School1884 Aerial Map

1920 Photo

Franklin StreetBuilt 1872.ExtantEnlarged in 1900 by architect Harry Livingston French.[20] Sold by School Board 1978.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Vincent's R.C. Church (First Church Building)Photo c. 1883

1884 Aerial Map

Church StreetDedicated October 1872.[21] Demolished March 1922.[22] Became a school building about 1883
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First Primitive Methodist Church 1909 PhotoChurch Street at Cherry StreetDedicated May 11, 1873.[23] Extant (2021)Altered and elevated June 1887.[24]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
1908 PhotoMountain RoadEstablished September 5, 1873.[25] ExtantAn example of landscape design.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Welsh Presbyterian Church (aka Gaylord Ave Presbyterian Church)1873 Photo

1884 Aerial Map

115 Gaylord AvenueDedicated December 1873.[26] Since 1994 Home of Plymouth Historical SocietyCongregation was chartered June 1868
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Welsh Hill Cemetery(St. Vincent's Cemetery) Cemetery Street at Barney StreetDedicated 1874.Abandoned.Graves relocated to new cemetery in 1911.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First Water Dam (Coal Creek No. 1 Reservoir)Coal CreekBuilt 1876.[27] DemolishedJames H. Brown, engineer; Coon Brothers, builder. The dam was 80 feet long and 15 feet deep
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Second Water Dam (Coal Creek No. 2 Reservoir)Coal CreekBuilt 1876.DemolishedJames H. Brown, engineer; Coon Brothers, builder. The dam was 110 feet long and 20 feet deep
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First Welsh Baptist Church(Second Church Building)1884 Aerial MapWest Shawnee Avenue at Girard AvenueBuilt 1876.[28] ExtantSunday School Annex Added in 1916.[29]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Methodist Church (Second Church Building)Photo August 1877

Photo c. 1890

1902 Map

West Main Street across from Academy StreetBuilt 1876–1877; dedicated January 9, 1878.[30] ExtantArchitect: Charles Vandergrift.[31] Photo by E.W. Beckwith illustrates the church nearing completion during labor strife of 1877 when troops were stationed in Plymouth.[32]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Third Water Dam (Coal Creek No. 3 Reservoir)Coal CreekBuilt 1878.DemolishedJames H. Brown, engineer; Coon Brothers, builder: Coon Brothers.[33] The dam was 130 feet long and 25 feet deep.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Fourth Water Dam (Coal Creek No. 4 Reservoir)Coal CreekBuilt About 1879.DemolishedJames H. Brown, engineer; Coon Brothers, builder. The dam was 330 feet long and 12 feet deep.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Vine Street School(First School Building)1884 Aerial Map

1896 photo

Vine StreetBuilt 1880Demolished 1927Builder: Plymouth Planing Mill.[34]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

Notable buildings (1881–1900)

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Stephen's Convent1904 PhotoWest Main Street at Wadhams StreetBuilt c. 1881 (between 1879–1884)Extant (2021)
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
German Reformed Church1884 Aerial MapWillow StreetDedicated November 5, 1882.[35] Extant (2022)
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Franklin Street Primitive Methodist Church(First Church Building)1884 Aerial Map

1884 Aerial Map

Franklin Street at Mill StreetDedicated January 28, 1883.[36] Destroyed by fire on March 2, 1913.[37] Formerly the Presbyterian Church of Kingston, built in 1842 and moved to Plymouth in 1882.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
John J. Shonk House2017 Photo

Photo about 1900

East Main Street at Vine StreetCompleted December 1883.[38] ExtantFront porch modified between 1912 and 1925.[39] The sprinter Ben Johnson lived in this house from 1929–1933 when it was owned by Shonk's daughter Clara McAlarney.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Peter's Episcopal Church (First Church Building)1884 Aerial MapAcademy St, between Ashley St and West Main St1879–1884Replaced by new church in 1893Formerly "Old Schoolhouse" on Main St., but was relocated and enlarged (after 1879 but before 1884).[40]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First High School1904 Postcard

1904 Photo

Shawnee AvenueBuilt 1884Destroyed by fire in 1905Architect: Frederick J. Amsden.[41] Builder: Samuel Livingston French, Plymouth Planing Mill
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Mary's R.C. Church (First Church Building and Second School Building)1891 MapWillow Street.[42] Completed c. 1885Demolished c. 1950 and replaced with new school building in 1951.Wood frame building.[43] After the dedication of The second church building in 1905, the first church building was converted to a schoolhouse.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Mary's R.C. School (First School Building)1891 MapWillow Street[44] Completed c. 1885DemolishedWood frame building.[45] Converted to a dwelling c. 1907.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Hose Co. No. 2(First Firehouse)Davenport Street at Shawnee AvenueBuilt c. 1886Replaced in 1898 by Second Firehouse on West Main Street.[46]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Vincent's R.C. Church (Second Church Building)Postcardc. 1910

Photo 2017

Church St.Cornerstone laid September 1882.

Dedicated September 1887.

Extant but unused since 2006.Architect: Frederick J. Amsden, Scranton, PA.[47]

Builder: J. Nelson, Scranton, PA.[48]

Murals: Ferdinand Baraldi, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Pioneer Knitting Mills 1896 Map

Lithograph c. 1898

Postcard c. 1910

Shawnee AvenueEast of Downing StreetEstablished 1890.[49] [50] [51] East Wing added 1897Demolished after 1940Basement level remains in use Proprietor: Ambrose West
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Pilgrim Congregational Church Center Avenue at Shawnee AvenueBuilt after 1873 and by 1891.[52] Extant (2022)
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
No. 3 Fire Company (First Fire House)Photo c. 1890Vine Street Built by 1891.[53] Converted to a residence after 1907.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Wyoming Valley Knitting Mills 1896 Map

1897 Portrait

Shawnee Avenue Between Downing and Academy StreetsEstablished 1891 Demolished after 1925Proprietor: Thomas West
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Casimir's (Lithuanian) R.C. Church (First Church Building)Photo c. 1899Chestnut StreetDedicated January 1891.[54] Destroyed by fire January 1902Builder: Grant White.[55]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Ebenezer English Baptist Church Gaylord Avenue at Ashley StreetDedicated October 18, 1891.[56] ExtantCongregation was chartered on June 11, 1888.[57]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Town Hall (Gaylord Avenue)Photo c. 1900

1918 Photo

Gaylord AvenueBuilt 1891.[58] Sold for $2,500 in 1943 then demolished in 1944.[59] Architect: Frederick J. Amsden, Scranton, PA.[60] Builder: Joseph W. Campbell,[61] and/or Charles C. Ransom.[62]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth Armory (PA National Guard)1898 Photo (During Spanish–American War)Gaylord AvenueBuilt 1891DemolishedArchitect: Kipp & Podmore, Wilkes-Barre, PA.Builder: Charles C. Ransom.[63]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Willow Street School(Second School Building) 1896 Map

1920 photo

Willow StreetBuilt 1892Demolished October 1972.[64] Architect: Frederick J. Amsden.[65] Builder: J.W. Campbell, Plymouth, PA

Abandoned as school in 1959.[66]

Re-opened as Youth Center in 1963.

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
DL&W RR Passenger Depot1896 Map

Postcard c. 1910

West Main StreetCompleted August 1893.[67] Demolished after 1949Note: Passenger service ended November 15, 1949.[68]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Second Church Building)Postcard c. 1910Academy Street at Ashley StreetDedicated October 1893DemolishedArchitect: Thomas Podmore.[69]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Vincent's Rectory August 2017 PhotoChurch Street at Eno StreetCompleted December 1893ExtantArchitect: Frederick J. Amsden.[70] Builder: William O'Malley, Wilkes-Barre, PA.[71]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Stephen's R.C. Church (First Church Building)1894 Photo

1904 Photo

Girard AvenueCornerstone laid October 23, 1887.[72]

Dedicated November 29, 1894.[73]

Demolished 1953Architect: Frederick J. Amsden.[74]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Carey Avenue Bridge(First Bridge) 1904 Photo

1904 Photo

Built 1895.[75] Demolished in 1948 and Reused at Retreat Hospital, Newport Twp., PA.[76] Builder: Penn Bridge Co.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Stegmaier's Beer DepotRear of 130 West Main StreetAfter 1891 but before 1896Abandoned or demolished (2022)Later became the Golden Quality Ice Cream factory
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Elm Congregational Church(First Church Building) Photo c. 1900East Main, opposite Elm StreetCornerstone May 24, 1896.[77] Dedicated September 27, 1896.[78] Destroyed by fire on January 15, 1916.[79] Built on site of old Morse Tavern.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Barn Hill School (aka Temperance Hill School)Photo c. 1930Built 1898.Replaced 'Little Red Schoolhouse' on Temperance Hill

Three-room schoolhouse; abandoned as school in 1936

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Hose Company No. 2 (Second Firehouse)Completed October 1898.[80] Extant with Added Wing
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Nottingham Street School Nottingham Street, between 2nd and 3rd StreetsBuilt 1898.Extant (2022) but no longer a schoolhouseEnlarged in 1910Abandoned as school in 1957.[81]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
SS Peter & Paul Greek Catholic Church(First Church Building) 1925 Photo20 Turner StreetDedicated May 30, 1899.[82] Demolished
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. John the Baptist R.C. Church Photo c. 1910Nesbitt Street at 3rd Street (Larksville)Dedicated May 31, 1899.[83] Extant
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Ambrose West HousePostcard c. 1910

1906 Photo

Shawnee AvenueBuilt 1899.[84] Town Hall from 1943–1974Demolished May 1974.[85] Builder: Charles C. Ransom.[86] Became Plymouth Town Hall in 1943
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Polish National Catholic Church(First Church Building)Postcard c. 1950Main Street near Vine StreetUnder construction by November 1898; cornerstone dedicated on December 26, 1898.[87] Demolished 1990Clad in aluminum siding in 1956.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

Notable buildings (1901–1930)

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Casimir's (Lithuanian) R.C. Church (Second Church Building)About 1910Chestnut StreetDedicated April 1903.[88] Demolished in 1955 following mine subsidence.Replaced by new church in Hanover Twp., PA, dedicated April 1957.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Mary's (Polish) R.C. Church(Second Church Building)Postcard about 1915

Postcard about 1940

Willow StFoundation built 1902; Dedicated May 30, 1905Extant but altered.Damaged by fire February 1919.[89] Re-opened September 1921.[90] Architect: Harry A. Weise

Brick bell tower added in 1984

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Vincent's ConventPostcard About 1915Church StreetDedicated 1905ExtantArchitect: Owen McGlynnBuilder: Charles C. Ransom.[91]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Second High School (aka Central High School)Postcard About 1910Shawnee AvenueBuilt 1906Demolished About 1980Architect: Harry Livingston French Builder: Charles C. Ransom
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth National Bank Postcard About 1910East Main StreetBetween Eno St and Center AveBuilt 1907Facade destroyed in 1966 alterationArchitect: Harry Livingston French
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
No. 3 Fire Company Vine Street Dedicated May 26, 1908.[92] [93] ExtantBuilder: Charles C. Ransom
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
No. 1 Fire Company Postcard about 1910Gaylord AvenueDedicated December 1908.[94] ExtantArchitect: Charles Wilson.Builder: J.D. Cooper
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Third High School Postcard About 1920.

2007 Photo

Main St. at Wadhams St.Built 1913

Became the Junior High School after 1925

Became an elementary school after 1979

Demolished 2014Architect: Alfred Freeman, New York, NY

Addition built 1928, Ralph M. Herr, Architect.[95]

13 Room Addition built 1937, Ralph M. Herr, Architect.[96]

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Harveys Creek Aqueduct Components: 1) a 1-1/2 mile open channel leading from Pikes Creek Reservoir runs along the west side of Harveys Creek to 2) a 26" diameter pipeline, running down the hill to Harveys Creek and up the hill on the east side, feeding 3) a 2,700 foot-long reinforced concrete aqueduct on the hillside above Harveys Creek, terminating at 4) a short connecting pipeline, running into 5) a 3,400 foot-long, 9' x 7' tunnel, running beneath Shawnee Mountain, emptying into 6) a small collecting reservoir (known as the Jersey Reservoir), drained by 7) a 48" diameter pipeline, 1,300 feet-long, connecting to the distribution point at Coal Creek.[97] Built 1912–1913Partially Extant; Abandoned 2011 or earlier.Engineer: J.H. Lance, Spring Brook Water Co.Builder: Frank Melvin

Capacity: 50 million gallons per day

NameImageDate of ImageLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Franklin Street Primitive Methodist Church(Second Church Building)1971 PostcardFranklin Street at Mill StreetDedicated November 2, 1913Extant (2018)Replaced First Church Building destroyed by fire in 1913.
NameImageDate of ImageLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth–Breslau Bridge 1914 Photo

1915 Photo

1989 Photo

Opposite Gaylord AvenueCompleted 1914.[98] DemolishedBuilder: Penn Bridge Co., Beaver Falls, PA, H.S. Battie, Engineer

Bridge widened in 1945–1946

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
First National Bank(Second Building)Postcard 1915

2009 Photo

West Main St.Built 1915ExtantArchitect: Harry Livingston French
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Elm Congregational Church(Second Church Building)2009 PhotoEast Main opposite Elm StreetCornerstone May 12, 1917.[99] ExtantBuilder: Samuel Reynolds.[100]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Soldiers & Sailors Monument1932 Photo

2007 Photo

West Main StreetDedicated in 1920Extant but needing restorationSculptor: George Brewster
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Huber Stadium, Plymouth High School Postcard About 1940West Main StreetDedicated May 15, 1920.[101] Replaced with new athletic fields about 2014Stadium walls were built around existing athletic fields from Sept 1935 to July 1936 with WPA labor.[102] Architect: Ralph M. Herr.[103]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Vincent's School(Second School Building)August 2017 PhotoChurch St.Built 1922Extant but converted to residential useArchitect: Emile G. Perrot, Philadelphia, PA.[104]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Stephen's Parochial SchoolWadhams StreetBegun June 1922Dedicated September 3, 1923.[105] DemolishedArchitect: Henry A. Weise Builder: Alaimo Brothers, Pittston, PA
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
B'nai Israel Synagogue1924 PhotoCenter Avenue near Church StreetCornerstone October 5, 1924.[106] ExtantArchitect: Henry A. Weise.[107] Builder: Harry T. Perkins.[108]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Fourth High School (aka Ward P. Davenport High School) 1932 PhotoWest Main StreetDedicated February 1925Demolished 1979.[109] Architect: Lewis Hancock Jr., Scranton, PABuilder: Herman Mailander
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Shawnee Movie Theater 1925 PhotoWest Main StreetGrand Opening May 25, 1925Demolished
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Polish Alliance Hall August 2017 Photo404 West Main StreetDedicated 1928ExtantArchitect: Thomas A. FosterContractor: M.L. Roth.[110]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Vine Street School(Second School Building)1928 PhotoVine StreetDedicated September 1928.[111] Extant (2021) but no longer a school.Architect: Ralph M. Herr
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Comerford MausoleumSt Vincent's CemeteryDedicated May 30, 1928.[112] Extant (2023).
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Bell Telephone Building 1930 Photo37-39 Willow StreetBuilt 1930.[113] Mechanized telephone switching station, which replaced human telephone operators based in Center Avenue office.
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

Notable buildings (1931–1972)

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth Post Office Postcard c. 1940

2017 Photo

West Main StreetDedicated November 1935Extant.Addition completed February 1966.[114] Replaced post office at 127 West Main Street.[115]

Murals by Jared French

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Huber Stadium Walls, Plymouth High School Postcard c. 1940West Main StreetWalls completed 1936Demolished and replaced with new athletic fields about 2014Stadium walls were built around existing athletic fields from Sept 1935 to July 1936 with WPA labor.[116] Architect: Ralph M. Herr.[117]
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Dr. George R. Drake Memorial Electric Scoreboard In Huber StadiumDedicated September 1948.[118] DemolishedPaid for by the Plymouth Lettermen's Club
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Carey Avenue Bridge (Second Bridge) Dedicated September 20, 1948.[119] Demolished in 2002 and replaced by third bridge.Builder: C. F. Goeringer
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Mary's Parochial School (Third School Building)Willow StreetDedicated September 9, 1951Extant Architect: Michael J. Bochnik
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Ebenezer Baptist ChurchEducational BuildingGirard Avenue Dedicated June 8, 1952.[120] ExtantArchitect: Michael J. BochnikBuilder: William Jenkins, Plymouth, PA
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
St. Stephen's Church(Second Church Building) Wadhams StreetDedicated July 3, 1955Extant Architect: George Yundt, Allentown, PA.

Builder: Anthony Grosek, Plains, PA.

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth National Guard Armory(Second Building) 747 West Main StreetDedicated September 22, 1962.[121] Extant Architect: Price & Dickey, Architects, Media, PA

Builder: Raymon R. Hedden & Co., Dallas, PA

NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth Public Library West Main StreetCompleted February 1969Dedicated May 17, 1970.[122] Extant Architect: Michael J. Bochnik
NameImageImage DateLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

Coal breakers below Academy Street

NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Jameson Harvey Breaker1864 PaintingWest Main Street near West NanticokeDemolished in 1871 after a boiler explosion.
Grand Tunnel - Freeman Thomas's Coal ChuteWest Main Street near West NanticokeBuilt c. 1832 by Freeman Thomas.[123] Destroyed by fire January 1860.
Grand Tunnel - Mammouth Co.'s Coal ChuteWest Main Street near West NanticokeBuilt in 1860 to replace Freeman Thomas' Grand Tunnel Coal Chute.
MacFarlane BreakerWest Main Street near West NanticokeBuilt 1857.[124] Destroyed by fire in 1865.
Susquehanna Coal Co. No. 3 BreakerPhoto by E.W. Beckwith c. 1875 1884 MapWest Main Street near West NanticokeBuilt 1872 to replace Jameson Harvey BreakerDemolished 1932Designer: Charles F. Ingram, Engineer, Wilkes-Barre, PennsylvaniaBuilder: James Linskill.[125]

Purchased in 1922 by the Grand Tunnel Coal Co.[126]

NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Chauncey Colliery Breaker(First Building)19111884 MapWest Main StreetBuilt Before 1873Demolished 1919
Chauncey Colliery Breaker(Second Building)West Main StreetBuilt 1919.[127] Destroyed by Fire January 1923Designer: Frank B. Davenport, Engineer.
Chauncey Colliery Breaker(Third Building)1926West Main StreetCompleted April 1923.[128] Demolished 1941Designer: Paul Sterling, Engineer, Wilkes-Barre, PABuilder: E.E. Reilly, Kingston, PA
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Avondale Colliery Breaker(First Building)September 1869West Main StreetDestroyed by fire September 1869
Avondale Colliery Breaker(Second Building)1884 MapWest Main StreetBuilt 1870Designer: Henry J. Phillips, Engineer.[129]
Avondale Colliery Breaker(Third Building)West Main StreetCompleted November 1905.[130] Demolished 1935
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Jersey Colliery Breaker1884 MapWest Main StreetBuilt before 1873.[131] Demolished after 1884
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Plymouth Red Ash Coal Co. BreakerWest Main Street East of DeHaven StreetCompleted December 1914.[132] Demolished June 1942.[133] Leased from John Turner Estate
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Washington Colliery Breaker(First Building)18841884 MapFlat Road below West Main StreetBuilt c. 1854Demolished 1890Known (by 1873) as J. R. Reynolds BreakerKnown (by 1884) as Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. "Reynolds No. 16"
Washington Colliery Breaker(Second Building)Postcard c. 1906Flat Road below West Main StreetBuilt 1890Demolished 1912Known as Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. "Reynolds No. 16"
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Nottingham Colliery Breaker(First Building)Postcard 1905Old Breaker (left)New Breaker (right)1884 MapWest Main StreetBuilt 1868.[134] Enlarged 1875.[135] Demolished 1905
Nottingham Colliery Breaker(Second Building)Postcard c. 1910NAWest Main StreetBuilt1903–1905Demolished August 1936
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

Coal breakers above Academy Street

NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Parrish Colliery Breaker(First Building)1884 (see item 28 on aerial map)West Main Street near Downing StreetBuilt 1884Destroyed by fire 1887Builder: Joseph C. Tyrrell.[136]
Parrish Colliery Breaker(Second Building)19011896 map

1902 Map

West Main Street near Downing StreetCompleted 1887.[137] Collapsed in Storm 1920Builder: J.C. Tyrrell.[138] Foreman: Alexander Scott.
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Dodson Colliery Breaker(First Building)Photo c. 1875

PhotoAugust 1877

1884 MapEast Main Street opposite Cherry StreetBuilt 1870Destroyed by fire July 1899
Dodson Colliery Breaker(Second Building)Postcard c. 19121902 MapEast Main Street opposite Cherry StreetBuilt 1900Demolished
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Lance Colliery Breaker(First Building)Photo c. 1867

1877 Photo

East Main Street near Chestnut StreetBuilt c. 1865; Remodeled in 1873.[139] Demolition begun October 1882.[140] 1877 Photo shows Lance Breaker in Distance.
Lance Colliery Breaker(Second Building)1884 Aerial Map

1899 Photo

1884 Map East Main Street near Chestnut StreetBuilt 1882-1883.[141] Demolished July 1931.[142]
Lance Colliery Breaker(Third Building)Postcard c. 1940East Main Street near Chestnut StreetBuilt 1931Demolished (some ancillary buildings remain)
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Gaylord Colliery Breaker(First Building)1873 MapWashington Avenue (aka Prospect Avenue) above Cherry StreetBuilt c. 1872.[143] Destroyed by fire 1879
Gaylord Colliery Breaker(Second Building)1884 Aerial Map

Postcard c. 1906

1884 MapWashington Avenue (aka Prospect Avenue) above Cherry StreetBuilt 1879Demolished 1935Builder: A.B. Tyrell.[144]
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Hillside Colliery BreakerPlymouth "above Welsh Hill."[145] Completed May 1906Demolished after 1917Builder: Coats & Haywood.[146]
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
D&H Breaker No. 5 (aka Fuller's Shaft)(First Building)188419051884 MapWashington Avenue above Carver StreetBuilt before 1873Became a Washery 1899; Destroyed by fire April 1907.[147]
D&H Breaker No. 5 (Loree)(Second Building)Postcard c. 1910Shupp's CreekBuilt about 1898.[148] Destroyed by Fire 1919.[149]
D&H Breaker No. 5 (Loree)(Third Building)1919 PhotosShupp's CreekCompleted April 1919.[150] Demolished in 1993.
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
D&H Breaker No. 4 (Swetland Shaft)1884 Aerial Map1884 MapIntersection of Vine Street and State StreetBuilt 1857.[151] Abandoned January 1899.[152] Demolished 1901
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Boston Colliery Breaker(First Building)Photo c. 18751884 MapEast Main Street at Shupp's CreekBuilt 1874 or earlier.[153] Destroyed by fire in 1887Photo by E.W. Beckwith
Boston Colliery Breaker(Second Building)1904NAState Street at Shupp's CreekBuilt 1887Demolished 1909
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
D&H No.1 Colliery Breaker(First Building)East Main Street at Shupp's CreekDestroyed by Fire September 1, 1876.[154]
D&H No.1 Colliery Breaker(Second Building)1884 MapEast Main Street at Shupp's CreekDemolished
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
D&H No.2 Colliery Breaker1884 MapShupp's CreekBuilt 1864.[155] Demolished 1916.[156]
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
D&H No.3 Colliery Breaker(First Building)1884 MapShupp's CreekBuilt before 1873.[157] Unused as of October 1879.[158] Destroyed by Fire November 15, 1894.[159]
D&H No.3 Colliery Breaker(Second Building)Shupp's CreekBuilt 1893Destroyed by Fire 1916.
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes
Woodward Colliery(First Building)1900 PhotoToby's Creek (Edwardsville)Completed July 1888.[160] Demolished 1917
Woodward Colliery(Second Building)Toby's Creek (Edwardsville)Built 1917.[161] DemolishedFoundation: Curtis Construction Co. of New York.[162]
NameImageDate of ImageMapLocationYear BuiltCurrent ConditionNotes

See also

Notes and References

  1. The Daily Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, PA), December 21, 1882, page 1, col 2.
  2. The Wilkes-Barre Telephone, March 1, 1883, page 2.
  3. The Scranton Republican, May 25, 1896, page 8.
  4. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, January 7, 1936, page 3.
  5. Samuel Livingston French, Reminiscences of Plymouth, Penna., 1915, page 38.
  6. The Wilkes-Barre Record, March 3, 1922, page 12.
  7. The Wilkes-Barre Record, February 13, 1925, page 23.
  8. Samuel L. French, Reminiscences of Plymouth, PA (1915), page 23.
  9. Daily Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, PA), June 9, 1875, page 4.
  10. Daily Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, PA), October 6, 1874, page 3.
  11. The Union Leader, September 20, 1877, page 3.
  12. Samuel L. French, Reminiscences of Plymouth, PA (1915), page 22.
  13. Wilkes-Barre Record, June 2, 1900, page 5.
  14. The Wilkes-Barre Record, July 7, 1896, page 8.
  15. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), March 4, 1916, page 10.
  16. The Luzerne Union, September 21, 1870, p. 2
  17. "Plymouth," Scranton Republican, December 1, 1870, p. 3
  18. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, April 22, 1961, page 6.
  19. Wilkes-Barre Record, March 31, 1892, page 7.
  20. Wilkes-Barre Record, March 15, 1900, page 11.
  21. The Luzerne Union, October 23, 1872, Page 3.
  22. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, March 25, 1922, Page 13.
  23. Rev. John H. Acornley, A History of the Primitive Methodist Church (1909).
  24. Wilkes-Barre Record, June 27, 1887, page 4.
  25. History of Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming Counties, Pa. (New York, New York: W.W. Munsell & Co., 1980).
  26. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, December 18, 1948, page 3.
  27. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, June 2, 1886, Page 2.
  28. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), March 4, 1916, page 10.
  29. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), March 4, 1916, page 10.
  30. Record of the Times, January 10, 1878, page 4.
  31. The Weekly Star (Plymouth, PA), January 26, 1876, page 5.
  32. See: Samuel L. French, Reminiscences of Plymouth, PA (1915), pages 89-90.
  33. The Weekly Star (Plymouth, Pennsylvania), September 20, 1876, page 5.
  34. Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre), July 2, 1880, page 4.
  35. Sunday News (Wilkes-Barre), October 8, 1882, page 5.
  36. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, September 28, 1971, page 2.
  37. The Daily Record (Wilkes-Barre, PA), March 3, 1913.
  38. The Weekly Star, December 1, 1883, page 5.
  39. See 1912 and 1925 Sanborn Insurance Maps.
  40. See H.C. Bradsby, ed., History of Luzerne County, page 434.
  41. The Weekly Star (Plymouth, PA), July 26, 1883, page 5.
  42. See 1891 Sanborn Insurance Map.
  43. See 1891, 1896 and 1907 Sanborn Insurance Maps.
  44. See 1891 Sanborn Insurance Maps.
  45. See 1891, 1896 and 1907 Sanborn Insurance Maps.
  46. The Wilkes-Barre News, October 26, 1898, page 5, col 3.
  47. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, September 25, 1887, Page 8.
  48. The Sunday Leader (Wilkes-Barre), August 4, 1889, page 4.
  49. The Wilkes-Barre News, February 10, 1890, page 4.
  50. The Wilkes-Barre News, June 3, 1890, page 4.
  51. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre), April 7, 1910, page 10.
  52. 1891 Sanborn Map, Plymouth, Pa.
  53. 1891 Sanborn Map, Plymouth, Pa.
  54. The Sunday Leader (Wilkes-Barre), December 21, 1890, page 6.
  55. The Wilkes-Barre Record, June 19, 1890, page 5.
  56. The Plymouth Tribune, October 23, 1891, page 1.
  57. The Weekly Star (Plymouth, PA), June 14, 1888, page 3.
  58. The Wilkes-Barre Record, April 7, 1891, page 5.
  59. Sunday Independent, December 31, 1944, page B-6.
  60. The Sunday News, March 16, 1890, Page 2.
  61. The Sunday Leader, November 30, 1890, page 2. Campbell was a veteran of the Civil War with the 187th PA Volunteers, and was part of the honor guard to Lincoln's body in Philadelphia in 1865.
  62. Record of the Times, June 13, 1890, page 5.
  63. The Sunday Leader, November 23, 1890, page 23.
  64. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, October 1, 1972, page 3.
  65. Wilkes-Barre Record, March 25, 1892, page 7.
  66. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, August 11, 1959, page 3.
  67. The Wilkes-Barre News, August 19, 1893, page 3.
  68. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, November 15, 1949, page 3.
  69. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, October 18, 1893, Page 8.
  70. The Weekly Star (Plymouth, PA), November 2, 1893, page 5.
  71. The Sunday Leader, December 9, 1893, page 14.
  72. Sunday News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), October 23, 1887, page 4.
  73. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, November 30, 1894, page 2.
  74. Wilkes-Barre Times, June 27, 1894, page 3.
  75. The Weekly Star, July 11, 1895, page 5.
  76. Wilkes-Barre Record, January 29, 1948, page 13.
  77. The Scranton Republican, May 25, 1896, page 8.
  78. The Wilkes-Barre Record, September 28, 1896, page 10.
  79. The Wilkes-Barre Record, January 17, 1916, page 18.
  80. The Sunday Leader (Wilkes-Barre, PA), October 23, 1898, page 6, col 1.
  81. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, August 15, 1957, page 3.
  82. The Wilkes-Barre Record, May 31, 1899, page 5.
  83. The Wilkes-Barre News, May 31, 1899, page 6.
  84. Sunday News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), December 3, 1899, page 6.
  85. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, June 2, 1974.
  86. The Wilkes-Barre Record, May 6, 1899, page 10.
  87. Church 75th Anniversary booklet, 1973.
  88. Wilkes-Barre Times, April 14, 1903, Page 10
  89. Wilkes-Barre Record, February 27, 1919, Page 3.
  90. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, September 5, 1921, page 9.
  91. Wilkes-Barre Record, August 5, 1904, page 2.
  92. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, April 21, 1908, page 14.
  93. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, May 27, 1908, page 14.
  94. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, December 2, 1908, page 4.
  95. Wilkes-Barre Record, March 16, 1927, page 26.
  96. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, February 18, 1937, page 9.
  97. Wilkes-Barre Times, June 13, 1913.
  98. Wilkes-Barre Semi-Weekly Record, February 10, 1914, page 8.
  99. The Wilkes-Barre Record, May 10, 1917, page 18.
  100. The Wilkes-Barre Record, March 29, 1917, Page 18
  101. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre), May 17, 1920.
  102. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre), September 17, 1936, page 19.
  103. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), August 4, 1935, page 13.
  104. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, October 10, 1922, Page 21
  105. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, September 4, 1923, Page 6, Column 1.
  106. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, June 13, 1924, Page 31.
  107. The Wilkes-Barre Record, October 6, 1924, page 20.
  108. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, June 27, 1924, Page 36
  109. The Times Leader, July 12, 1979.
  110. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, October 24, 1928, page 19.
  111. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, August 17, 1928, page 21.
  112. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, May 31, 1928, page 25.
  113. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, August 13, 1930, page 15.
  114. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, February 24, 1966, page 8.
  115. 1925 Sanborn Map, Plymouth, Pa.
  116. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre), September 17, 1936, page 19.
  117. The Evening News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), August 4, 1935, page 13.
  118. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, June 30, 1948, page 3.
  119. Wilkes-Barre Record, September 21, 1948, page 17.
  120. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, June 4, 1952, page 4.
  121. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, September 20, 1962, page 9.
  122. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, May 16, 1970, page 4.
  123. P. Frazer Smith, Pennsylvania State Reports, vol. LV (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Kay & Brother, 1868), pages 18-19.
  124. W.W. Munsell & Co., History of Luzerne, Lackawanna & Wyoming Counties (1880), page 354.
  125. Wilkes-Barre Daily, August 1, 1872, p.3.
  126. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, March 14, 1923, page 7.
  127. The Wilkes-Barre Record, August 26, 1919, page 24.
  128. The Wilkes-Barre Record, April 20, 1923, page 5.
  129. The New York Times, April 3, 1870.
  130. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, November 23, 1905, page 12.
  131. See 1873 Beers Map, Plymouth Township.
  132. Wilkes-Barre Record, December 12, 1914.
  133. Sunday Independent (Wilkes-Barre), June 7, 1942.
  134. The Coal Trade Journal, June 5, 1912, page 524.
  135. Daily Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre), July 23, 1875, page 3.
  136. Engineering and Mining Journal, September 20, 1884.
  137. The Wilkes-Barre News, July 25, 1887, page 1.
  138. The Wilkes-Barre Telephone, April 30, 1887, page 3.
  139. Reports of the Inspectors of Mines, 1873.
  140. "Coal Trade Notes," Coal Magazine, November 1, 1882, page 345.
  141. Daily Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, PA), December 9, 1882, page 1.
  142. Sunday Independent, July 12, 1931.
  143. Henderson Gaylord's lease of the mine in 1872 specifies that the lessee construct a suitable breaker.
  144. Wilkes-Barre Semi-Weekly Record, July 26, 1879, page 3.
  145. Wilkes-Barre Record, June 6, 1906, page 13.
  146. Wilkes-Barre Times, April 26, 1906, page 8.
  147. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, April 29, 1907, page 12.
  148. Sunday News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), December 11, 1898, page 8.
  149. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, January 22, 1919, page 1.
  150. "Rebuilding the Loree Breaker," W.S. Hutchinson, Coal Age, Vol. 16, No. 9, page 352.
  151. The Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania), June 14, 1895, page 5 (obituary, J.W. Eno).
  152. Sunday News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), December 11, 1898, page 8.
  153. Daily Record of the Times, November 4, 1874, page 3.
  154. The Weekly Star (Plymouth, Pennsylvania, September 6, 1876, page 5.
  155. W.W. Munsell, History of Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming Counties (1880), page 357.
  156. Wilkes-Barre Record, January 23, 1919, page 9.
  157. Breaker is shown on 1873 Beers Map, Plymouth Twp., PA
  158. W.W. Munsell, History of Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming Counties (1880), page 357.
  159. Wilkes-Barre Record, November 16, 1894, page 1.
  160. Reports of the Inspectors of Mines...for the year 1888 (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Edwin K. Meyers, 1889).
  161. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, August 17, 1917.
  162. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, August 17, 1917.