| Archduke Ludwig Viktor | |
| Full Name: | German: Ludwig Viktor Joseph Anton von Österreich English: Louis Victor Joseph Anthony of Austria |
| Birth Date: | 15 May 1842 |
| Birth Place: | Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austrian Empire |
| Death Place: | Schloss Klessheim, Austria |
| Burial Place: | Siezenheim Cemetery |
| House: | Habsburg-Lorraine |
| Father: | Archduke Franz Karl of Austria |
| Mother: | Princess Sophie of Bavaria |
Archduke Ludwig Viktor Joseph Anton of Austria (15 May 1842 - 18 January 1919) was the youngest child of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria, and the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I. He had a military career, as was usual for archdukes, but did not take part in politics. He was openly homosexual and declined to marry princesses who were sought for him. He is well-known for his art collection and patronage as well as philanthropy.
Ludwig Viktor was born in Vienna. He was the youngest son born to Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria. His elder siblings included Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico and Archduke Karl Ludwig. His family called him by the nickname "Luziwuzi".[1]
During the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire and the Vienna Uprising, Ludwig Viktor and his family had to flee the Austrian capital, at first to Innsbruck, later to Olomouc. Ludwig Viktor pursued the usual military career and was appointed General of the Infantry, but had no intentions to interfere in politics. He rejected his brother Maximilian's ambitions in the Second Mexican Empire. Instead he concentrated on building up his own art collection and had Heinrich von Ferstel design and build a city palace on the new Schwarzenbergplatz in Vienna, where Ludwig Viktor hosted homophile soirées.
Ludwig Viktor's mother attempted to arrange a marriage for him with Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria, youngest sister of Empress Elisabeth, but he declined. He likewise rejected plans to marry him to Isabel, daughter and heir presumptive of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. In 1863, Ludwig Viktor's brother Maximilian had tried to persuade him to marry her because "such a marriage might found yet another Habsburg dynasty in Latin America.... Maximilian wrote to Franz Joseph that Ludwig Viktor was 'anything but pleased with the idea,'" and asked Franz Joseph to order Ludwig Viktor to marry her. Franz Joseph refused.[2]
Ludwig Viktor was "a homosexual and cross-dresser with a reputation as a libertine."[3] After a scandalous incident at the Central Bathhouse Vienna in which he was publicly slapped,[4] [5] his brother Emperor Franz Joseph finally forbade him to stay in Vienna and joked that he should be given a ballerina as adjutant to keep him out of trouble.
Ludwig Viktor retired to Schloss Klessheim near Salzburg where he became known as a philanthropist and patron of the arts. He died in 1919, at the age of 76, and is buried at the Siezenheim cemetery.
He was awarded the Order of the White Eagle.[6]
He received the following orders and decorations: