Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci explained

Jurisdiction:Archbishopric
Belgrade and Karlovci
Local:Serbian: Архиепископија београдско-карловачка
Country:Serbia
Territory:Belgrade
Residence:Building of the Patriarchate, Belgrade
Headquarters:Belgrade, Serbia
Denomination:Eastern Orthodox
Sui Iuris Church:Serbian Orthodox Church
Rite:Byzantine Rite
Established:1931
Cathedral:St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade
Language:Church Slavonic
Serbian
Calendar:Julian calendar
Bishop:Porfirije
Bishop Title:Archbishop
Map:Map of Eparchies of Serbian Orthodox Church (including Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric)-en.svg
Map Size:270px

Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci (Serbian: Архиепископија београдско-карловачка) is the central or patriarchal eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church, with seat in Belgrade, Serbia.[1] The head of the eparchy is the Serbian patriarch.

History

History of the eparchy, since 1920

See also: Metropolitanate of Belgrade and Patriarchate of Karlovci. In 1920, after the unification of all Serbian ecclesiastical provinces into one united Serbian Orthodox Church, old Eparchy of Syrmia with its seat in Sremski Karlovci came under direct administration of the archbishop of Belgrade who was also the Serbian patriarch. Formal unification of two eparchies was completed in 1931 when Archbishopric of Belgrade was joined with the Eparchy of Syrmia into the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci. In that time, the city of Pančevo was transferred from Eparchy of Vršac to the Archeparchy of Belgrade and Karlovci. In 1947, Eparchy of Syrmia and Eparchy of Šumadija were excluded from the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci and were transformed into separate organizational units. The city of Pančevo was returned to the Eparchy of Banat. Although, the name of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci includes the name of the town of Karlovci (Sremski Karlovci), this town is today part of the Eparchy of Syrmia and not of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci.

Historical background, before 1920

See also: Serbian Patriarchate of Peć and Metropolitanate of Belgrade. Eparchy of Belgrade is one of the oldest ecclesiastical institutions in this part of Europe. Ancient Bishopric of Singidunum was an important ecclesiastical center of the late Roman Empire during 4th and 5th century. Its bishops Ursacius and Secundianus were actively involved in religious controversies over Arianism. That ancient bishopric finally collapsed after 584 when ancient Singidunum was finally destroyed by Avars.

After the Christianization of Slavs, eparchy was renewed as late as 9th century. First medieval Bishop of Belgrade who is known by name was Sergije in 878. Since 1018 it belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Archbishopric of Ohrid. At the end of the 13th century, Belgrade became the capital city of Serbian king Stefan Dragutin and Eparchy of Belgrad came under jurisdiction of Serbian Orthodox Church. At the beginning of the 15th century, during the rule of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević, metropolitans of Belgrade were among most influential hierarchs of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. Belgrade fell under Turkish rule in 1521, but Serbian Patriarchate was renewed in 1557 with its seat in the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć. During 16th and 17th centuries, Serbian bishops of Belgrade were styled as "Metropolitans of Belgrade and Srem".

At the end of the 17th century, regions of Belgrade and Srem were separated by the outcome of the Austro-Turkish War (1683–1699), with Belgrade and Lower Srem remaining under Ottoman rule, while Upper Srem came under Habsburg rule. In 1708, when the autonomous Serbian Metropolitanate in the Habsburg monarchy was created (Metropolitanate of Karlovci), the Eparchy of Srem became archdiocese of the Metropolitan, whose seat was in Sremski Karlovci. As a result of the Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718), Lower Srem and Belgrade came under Habsburg rule. Two seats (Belgrade and Karlovci) were reunited from 1726 to 1739, and then separated again, following the outcome of the Austro-Turkish War (1737–1739).

Aftef that, Eparchy of Srem remained part of Metropolitanate of Karlovci until 1920, while the Eparchy of Belgrade was returned to jurisdiction of Serbian Patriarchs of Peć. After the abolition of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1766, Eparchy of Belgrade came under jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.

In 1831, Eastern Orthodox Church in Principality of Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, and Belgrade became the seat of the archbishop who was now metropolitan of Serbia. In that time, territory of the archeparchy was very large and included regions of present-day eparchies of Šumadija and Braničevo. The Metropolitanate gained autocephaly in 1879.

In 1920, the Metropolitanate of Belgrade merged with other Serbian ecclesiastical provinces to form united Serbian Orthodox Church. In the same year, region of Braničevo was separated from the archeparchy and old Eparchy of Braničevo was restored. In 1947, region of Šumadija was also separated from the archeparchy and new Eparchy of Šumadija was created. Since then, the archbishopric was reduced to the inner limits of the City of Belgrade.

Monasteries

There are 12 monasteries within the Archbishopric.

Heads

During the long history of the ecclesiastical seat of Belgrade, many bishops, metropolitans, archbishops and finally patriarchs were seated on the throne of this eparchy.

Bishops and metropolitans of Belgrade (until 1766)

NameTenureNotes
Sergije (around 878)Bishop of Belgrade
Jovan (around 1317)Bishop of Mačva and Belgrade
Isidor (around 1415—1423)during the reign of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević
Grigorije (around 1438—1440)during the reign of Serbian despot Đurađ Branković
Joanikije (around 1479)received royal charter from king Matthias Corvinus of Hungary
Filotej (since 1481)during the time of titular Serbian despot Vuk Grgurević
Teofan (around 1509)he established ties with Russia
(died 1516)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Roman (around 1532)under Archbishopric of Ohrid
Longin (around 1545—1548)under Archbishopric of Ohrid
Makarije (around 1589)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Joakim (around 1607—1611)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Avesalom (around 1631—1632)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Ilarion (around 1644—1662)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Jefrem (around 1662—1672)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Elevterije (around 1673—1678)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Pajsije (around 1680—1681)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem
Simeon Ljubibratić (1682—1690)migrated to Hungary in 1690, with Serbian patriarch Arsenije III Crnojević
Mihailo (around 1699—1705)installed by new Serbian patriarch Kalinik I
(1713—1730)since 1718. under Habsburg rule, and since 1726. also Metropolitan of Karlovci
(1731—1737)Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci
Sophronius (around 1740—1745)ethnic Greek, Metropolitan of Belgrade
(around 1753)ethnic Serb, Metropolitan of Belgrade, later became Serbian Patriarch
Callinicus (around 1759—1761)ethnic Greek, Metropolitan of Belgrade

Under direct jurisdiction of Constantinople (1766–1831)

No.PrimatePortraitPersonal nameReigned fromReigned untilTitleNotes
1Jeremiah
Јеремија
Jeremiah
17661784Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek
2Dionysius I
Дионисије I
17851791Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek
3Methodius
Методије
17911801Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek
4Leontius
Леонтије
Leontije Lambrović
Леонтије Ламбровић
18011813Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek
5Dionysius II
Дионисије II
Dimitrije
Димитрије
18131815Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Serb
6Agathangelus
Агатангел
18151825Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek
7Kiril
Кирил
18251827Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek
8Anthimus
Антим
18271831Metropolitan of BelgradeEthnic Greek

Autonomous (1831–1879) and autocephalous (1879–1920)

No.PrimatePortraitPersonal nameReigned fromReigned untilTitleNotes
1Melentije Pavlović
Мелентије
Melenthius
Melentije Pavlović
Мелентије Павловић
18311833Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of SerbiaSerb
2Petar Jovanović
Петар
Peter
Pavle Jovanović
Павле Јовановић
18331859Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia
3Mihailo Jovanović
Михаило
Michael
Miloje Jovanović
Милоје Јовановић
18591881Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of SerbiaFirst tenure
Mojsije
Maksim Veresić
Максим Вересић
18811883Administrator of the Metropolitanate of BelgradeAppointed by the Austrophile Serbian government
4Teodosije Mraović
Теодосије
Theodosius
Teodor Mraović
Теодор Мраовић
18831889Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia
Mihailo Jovanović
Михаило
Michael
Miloje Jovanović
Милоје Јовановић
18891898Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of SerbiaSecond tenure
5Inokentije Pavlović
Инокентије
Innocentius
Jakov Pavlović
Јаков Павловић
18981905Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of Serbia
6Dimitrije
Димитрије
Demetrius
Dimitrije Pavlović
Димитрије Павловић
19051920Archbishop of Belgrade and Metropolitan of SerbiaArchbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (1920–1930)

Metropolitans of Belgrade and Karlovci (1920–present)

Serbian Patriarchs, Heads of the Holy Patriarchal See of Belgrade (1920–present)
Regnal title: Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch
No.PrimatePortraitPersonal nameReigned fromReigned untilPlace of birthNotes
1Dimitrije [I]
Димитрије (I)
Demetrius (I)
Dimitrije Pavlović
Димитрије Павловић
12 September 1920 6 April 1930Požarevac, Principality of SerbiaFirst Patriarch of the reunified Serbian church
2Varnava [I]
Варнава (I)
Barnabas (I)
Petar Rosić
Петар Росић
12 May 193023 July 1937Pljevlja, Ottoman EmpireSome believe he may have been poisoned
3Gavrilo [V]
Гaврилo (V)
Gabriel (V)
Gavrilo Dožić
Гaврилo Дoжић
21 February 1938 7 May 1950Vrujci, Principality of MontenegroKnown unofficially as Gavrilo V Dožić-Medenica
4Vikentije [II]
Викентије (II)
Vicentius (II)
Vitomir Prodanov
Витомир Проданов
1 July 1950 5 July 1958Bačko Petrovo Selo, Austria-HungaryNot known as Vikentije II but entered just as Vikentije. Some believe he may have been second poisoned Patriarch
5German [I]
Герман (I)
Herman (I)
Hranislav Đorić
Хранислав Ђорић
14 September 1958 30 November 1990Jošanička Banja, Kingdom of SerbiaLongest reigning Patriarch and only retired Patriarch during his life
6Pavle [II]
Павле (II)
Paul (II)
Gojko Stojčević
Гојко Стојчевић
1 December 1990 15 November 2009Kućanci, Austria-HungaryNot known as Pavle II but entered just as Pavle
7Irinej [I]
Иринеј (I)
Irenaeus (I)
Miroslav Gavrilović
Мирослав Гавриловић
23 January 2010 20 November 2020Vidova, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
8Porfirije [I]
Порфирије (I)
Porphyrius (I)
Prvoslav Perić
Првослав Перић
19 February 2021IncumbentBečej, SFR Yugoslavia

See also

Literature

Notes and References

  1. http://www.spcportal.org/index.php?pg=1211&lang=srl History of the Archbishopric