Arbutoideae Explained
The Arbutoideae are a subfamily in the plant family Ericaceae. Phylogenetic analysis supported all genera of the subfamily as monophyletic, except Arbutus. Moreover, it was suggested that the non-sister relationship between Mediterranean and North American species may be explained by a once widespread distribution in the Northern hemisphere before the Neogene.
The genera Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Comarostaphylis form a particular type of mycorrhizal symbiosis with the fungus, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, which resembles ectomycorrhizas.
Genera List
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|
| Arbutus | | Species | Common name | Range |
|---|
| andrachne | Greek strawberry tree | Mediterranean and Middle East | | canariensis | Canary madrone | Canary Islands of Spain | | pavarii | | Libya: Jebel Akhdar range in coastal Cyrenaica | | unedo | Strawberry tree | Europe, north Africa, Middle East | | arizonica | Arizona madrone | Mexico, southwestern United States | | bicolor | . | | | madrensis | | Mexico: Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa | | menziesii | Pacific madrone | Coastal areas of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California; Sierra Nevada | | mollis | | Mexico | | occidentalis | | western Mexico | | tessellata | . | northern and central Mexico from Chihuahua to Jalisco, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz | | xalapensis | Texas madrone | Central American, Mexico, southwestern United States | |
|
| Arctostaphylos |
| Species | Common name | Range |
|---|
| mendocinoensis | Pygmy manzanita | | | myrtifolia | Ione manzanita | California (Amador, Calaveras Counties) | | nissenana | Nissenan manzanita | California (coastal and inland ranges north of San Francisco Bay) | | nummularia | Glossyleaf manzanita | California (Mendocino County) | |
- Subgenus Arctostaphylos, which has 3 sections:
| Species | Common name | Range |
|---|
| alpina | Alpine bearberry | | | bakeri | Baker's manzanita | California (Sonoma County) | | densiflora | Sonoma manzanita | California (Sonoma County) | | edmundsii | Little Sur manzanita | California (Monterey County) | | franciscana | Franciscan manzanita | California (San Francisco County) | | gabrielensis | San Gabriel manzanita | California (Los Angeles County) | | glauca | Bigberry manzanita | California and Baja California | | hispidula | Gasquet manzanita | Coastal mountain ranges of southern Oregon and northern California | | hookeri | Hooker's manzanita | California | | insularis | Island manzanita | California (Santa Cruz Island) | | klamathensis | Klamath manzanita | California (Klamath Mountains) | | manzanita | Common manzanita, whiteleaf manzanita | California (Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills) | | mewukka | Indian manzanita | California (Sierra Nevada) | | nevadensis | Pinemat manzanita | California | | parryana | Parry manzanita | California (southern) | | patula | Greenleaf manzanita | Western North America | | pumila | Sandmat manzanita | California (Monterey County) | | pungens | Pointleaf manzanita | Southwestern United States and to northern and central Mexico | | rudis | Shagbark manzanita | California (southern central coast) | | stanfordiana | Stanford's manzanita | California (Outer North Coast Ranges north of the San Francisco Bay Area) | | uva-ursi | Bearberry | Europe, Asia, North America | | viscida | Sticky manzanita, whiteleaf manzanita | California and Oregon | |
|
| Arctous | | Species | Common name | Range |
|---|
| alpina (L.) Nied. | | | | microphyllus C.Y.Wu | | | | ruber (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Nakai | | | |
|
| Comarostaphylis | | Species | Common name | Range |
|---|
| arbutoides | | | | discolor | | | | diversifolia | | | | glaucescens | | | | lanata | | | | longifolia | | | | mucronata | | | | polifolia | | | | sharpii | | | | spinulosa | | | |
|
| Ornithostaphylos | |
| Xylococcus | |
|
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