| Development Name: | Araneta City |
| Location: | Socorro, Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Opening Date: | 1960 |
| Developer: | ACI, Inc. |
| Operator: | ACI, Inc. |
| Owner: | ACI, Inc. |
| Transport: | Araneta Center-Cubao Araneta Center-Cubao Farmers Plaza Araneta City Bus Port LRT 2-Gateway Mall Araneta City Bus Port Cubao Future: Cubao |
| Pushpin Map: | Metro Manila |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Coordinates: | 14.6207°N 121.0532°W |
| Subdivision Name: | Philippines |
| Area Total Ha: | 35 |
Araneta City (stylized in all lowercase), formerly and still commonly known as Araneta Center, is a 35ha transit oriented, commercial mixed-use urban development in Quezon City, Philippines. Situated in Barangay Socorro in Cubao, and at the intersection of two major roads, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and Aurora Boulevard, the area offers retail, dining, entertainment, residential, office, lodging and parking facilities throughout the complex and hosts over 1 million people daily, due to its close proximity to transport terminals, including the railway stations of the MRT Line 3 and the LRT Line 2.
Located within the complex are key structures such as the Gateway Mall, the Araneta Coliseum, the New Frontier Theater, Ali Mall, Farmers Market, and Farmers Plaza. The entire complex is owned by ACI, Inc., a subsidiary of the Araneta Group, who also serves as the developer and manager of the commercial area. ACI, Inc. is also currently in charge of spearheading a redevelopment master plan after years of delays and issues, which aims to transform the area into a "garden city" and consists of additional buildings, shopping malls, and other high-rise facilities within the complex, set to be completed within 2030.[1]
The 35ha property where the Araneta City, formerly named Araneta Center, is located in Quezon City, and was purchased by J. Amado Araneta in 1952, after the family's mansion in Taft Avenue, Manila was destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945.[2] The land stood on bedrock, and has an elevation level of 43 meters, which is the highest point of the Metro Manila, located between Highway 54 (now Epifanio de los Santos Avenue), Aurora Boulevard, and P. Tuazon Boulevard; and along Gen. Romulo Avenue. As of 1959, the area was remote and located in an area designated for suburban mass housing and frequented by Hukbalahap rebels.[3] The original owner of the property was the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).
In 1953, Araneta initially only purchased 4ha of land from RCA, where he built his residence, which would become known as the "Bahay na Puti" (White House). It was in 1955 that Araneta purchased the remaining 31ha from the RCA. After purchasing the land, Araneta envisioned the area as a potential mixed-use area.[4]
In 1956, Araneta sold a portion of the property to the Philippine National Bank which proceeded to set up a branch in the area. On the same year, the first Aguinaldo Department Store, a well-known retailer established its first branch beyond Manila. Araneta's Progressive Development Corporation (PDC) relocated its offices from Plaza Cervantes in Binondo, Manila to the Araneta Enterprise Building along Aurora Avenue. PDC would be later tasked to develop the Araneta Coliseum.[4]
In the following years after the opening of the Araneta Coliseum in 1960, rapid development took place in the area.[3] From the 1960s until the 1980s, there was a construction boom around the complex, and the area became a bustling entertainment and leisure hub, with the creation of the first strip mall in the country composed of 147 stores, located along Aurora Boulevard,[5] and the creation of Ali Mall, SM Cubao, Fiesta Carnival (later the site of a Shopwise hypermarket), Plaza Fair, New Frontier Theater, Rustan's Superstore, National Book Store Superbranch, COD Department Store, Matsuzakaya Department Store and Matsuzakaya House, Uniwide Cubao, Farmers Plaza, Farmer's Market, and the Aurora Tower.[6] The developments around the complex caused the area to prosper over the years and competed with other business districts in the Metro, such as Manila, the Makati Central Business District, the Greenhills Center, and the Ortigas Center.
The Araneta City and the surrounding areas also served as the home of many movie theaters such as the Nation Cinerama, Quezon Theater, Cinema 21, Sampaguita Theater, ACT Theater, Ocean Theater, Diamond Theater, Remar Theater, Alta Cinema, and Coronet Theater. Many of these establishments however have been closed by the end of the 1990s, with the buildings either repurposed for commercial purposes or demolished to give way to future developments due to the introduction of the home entertainment system and the creation of in-house movie theaters inside the shopping malls in the Metro that led to lesser patronage to these movie theaters.[7]
It was during the late 1980s where the complex began losing steam and encountered numerous problems within its properties, from the Farmers Plaza fire to the coups against the Presidency of Corazon Aquino, the Araneta Group also faced numerous uncertainties and rising competition from newer mixed-use developments with more advantageous locations within Manila and Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The following problems created an urban decay within the area, a capital slump within the Araneta Group's finances, and neglecting their buildings, causing rising crime rates and low business opportunities, prompting the Araneta group to temporarily use their capital to maintain the properties within the area, and halt their future plans and proposals to upgrade the area's potential and other big-scale redevelopment plans within the area. One noted planned development is the "Manhattan Tower" project, a mixed-use, high-rise development with retail and residential facilities. The problem also caused the Araneta Group to strengthen its key subsidiaries to finance the company's future projects.[5]
During the construction of the MRT Line 3 along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in 1996, the Araneta Group saw the potential opportunity to revamp the complex and proposed plans to once again begin its redevelopment plans and push the company's plans for long-term development. The redevelopment dream was further titillated in the aftermath of the construction of the LRT Line 2 a year later, and prompted J. Amado's son, Jorge L. Araneta to launch a multi-phase master plan to reinvigorate their long-waited vision. In January 1997, plans were also laid out to create a joint venture partnership with Ayala Land and Atok-Big Wedge Co. to push for the area's revival and redevelopment, which is expected to be worth ₱140 billion ($5.32 billion). After a series of negotiations, and along the uncertainties caused by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the Araneta Group decided to drop the proposal in order to push their own redevelopment plan using the company's own finances assisted by various bank loans.[8]
With the ambition of regaining its former glory, a 20-year redevelopment project, known as the Araneta Center Master Plan, was formulated in 1999 and was unveiled in 2000, with an estimated budget of over ₱80 billion ($1.62 billion), and began its implementation in 1999 with the renovation of the Araneta Coliseum and the Farmers Plaza, which was completed in 2001. The redevelopment master plan is envisioned to turn the complex into an inter-connected, transit oriented "Garden City" concept, promoting connectivity, green architecture and open spaces within its buildings. Araneta also hired the international architectural firm RTKL Associates, along with local architectural firms Palafox Associates, owned by Felino Palafox, ASYA Design, and Aidea, for the redevelopment master plan.[9] Araneta also tapped Deshazo Starek and Tang (now Deshazo Group), Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated and Colliers International to serve as the main consultants of the master plan. The plans for the master plan include additional malls, towers and renovated facilities within the complex, including the "Millenium Mall" project, a planned 7-storey mall which is interconnected to the Araneta Coliseum, the "Manila Tower", a 3001NaN1 planned mixed-use tower with communications facilities, and a modernization of the complex's entertainment venues, the Araneta Coliseum and the New Frontier Theater. The redevelopment is also envisioned to have a 972000m2 of total retail floor area.
The first phase of the redevelopment plan, totaling over ₱30 billion ($608 million) began in 2002 with the construction of the Gateway Mall, completed in 2004, which was followed by the construction of the Gateway Office in 2005, a major renovation of the Araneta Coliseum, as well as the rehabilitation of the New Frontier Theater, which were completed in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Also included in the redevelopment project is the renovations of Ali Mall and SM Cubao in 2010, Shopwise in 2012, and the Farmers Plaza in 2014, as well as the construction of the first 12 towers of the Manhattan Gardens complex, the Gateway Tower, the Novotel Manila Araneta City, and the Araneta City Cyberpark Towers 1 and 2. The completion of the first phase is set within 2024, with the completion of the Manhattan Plaza Tower 2 and opening of the upcoming Gateway Mall 2 and Ibis Styles Araneta City.[10] [11] [12]
The second phase, totaling over ₱50 billion ($1.01 billion) is set to begin in the next few years, and will include the development of 3 additional Cyberpark Towers, 6 additional Manhattan Gardens Towers, and the Gateway Mall 3. The phase will also include the construction of the City Plaza, a 2ha Mixed-use development, and the Icon Tower, a planned 40+ storey tower, connected from the Manhattan Plaza.[13] [14] [15] [16] The master plan will also include a multi-billion dollar 8ha Integrated resort consisting hotels, dining, entertainment, gaming, conventions and conferences, luxurious retail shops, a modernised Farmer's Market, and a heritage area located along EDSA, spanning from the Farmer's Market and its surrounding buildings, up to the Farmer's Garden area; and a planned expansion of Ali Mall, which includes a 4-tower mixed-use development located along the northern area of the mall.[17] The overall redevelopment master-plan covers 3000000m2 square meters of gross floor area and are set within the target completion date of 2030, as part of the company's Vision 2030 plan within the area.[18] [19] On September 24, 2019, the Araneta Center was renamed as Araneta City after a brand relaunch.[20] [21]
The Araneta City hosts over 2,100 shopping, dining and leisure establishments throughout the complex, notably included in its tenants are located in malls such as Ali Mall, Farmers Plaza, and the Gateway Mall, as well as in SM Araneta City and Farmer's Market, which has a combined retail space of 438900sqm. Other tenants are apparently located on the retail levels of the Aurora Tower, the Manhattan Gardens condominium complex, the Cyberpark Towers, and on other commercial buildings.[22]
See main article: Gateway Mall (Quezon City). The Gateway Mall is a 6-storey mall located within General Aguinaldo Avenue and serves as the complex's flagship mall. The mall has 300000m2 of floor area and houses local and international brands such as Rustan's, H&M, Uniqlo, Automatic Centre Digital Plaza, and various lifestyle shops, tech shops, food kiosks, and restaurants. The mall was designed by RTKL Associates in partnership with Felino Palafox of Palafox Associates and received various acclaims of different organizations, as the mall was named the shopping mall as the Shopping Center of the Year for two consecutive years in 2006 and 2007 by the Philippine Retailers Association, a Merit Awardee at the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) 30th Innovative Design and Development Awards, and a finalist at the 2008 Urban Land Institute Awards for Excellence.[23]
In September 2023, the Gateway Mall unveiled its expansion project known as the Gateway Mall 2, and has 200000m2 of total floor area. The expansion also features roughly 400 retail shops, 100 restaurants, a modernized Shopwise Supermarket, an activity area atrium, a "Tropical themed" Lagoon Restaurant Collection, the "Palenque" food alley, a 18-cinema cineplex, the "Asian Village" food hall, a K-Pop and P-Pop themed Cafe, a bowling center, a sensory and culinary garden, and a "Mitre" inspired 1,000-seater Sagrada Familia Church. The new expansion of the mall was completed in September 2023.[17] [24]
See main article: Ali Mall. The Ali Mall is a four-storey mall located within the corner lot of P. Tuazon Boulevard, and General Romulo Avenue, Ali Mall served as the first integrated mall in the country, following its opening in 1976. Named after Muhammad Ali in the aftermath of his fight against Joe Frazier in the Thrilla in Manila, held at the Araneta Coliseum. The mall has 64500sqm of floor area and is occupied by local shops, restaurants, and government facilities.[25]
See main article: Farmers Plaza.
The Farmers Plaza is a 5-storey mall located along EDSA. Completed in 1969, the mall served as the first mall in the country and formerly house the Farmers Market until 1976. The mall has a total floor area of 60400sqm and is occupied by various merchandise, electronics, clothing and lifestyle stores, and a Bazaar, known as the Farmers Plaza Bazaar at the topmost floor.[26]
See main article: Farmers Market (Cubao). The Farmers Market is a wet market located adjacent to the Farmers Plaza. Opened in 1976 after occupying the basement area of the Farmers Plaza, the market has 12000sqm of market space and offers fresh produces in the country.[27]
The National Book Store Superbranch in Cubao, which is also known as the National Book Store Outlet Store, serves as one of the largest branches of the office-supplies store chain in the Philippines. The bookstore first became a single-floor building in 1972, before being upgraded into a 9-storey building in 1982, designed by Rogelio Garcia Villarosa. The bookstore branch also serves as one of the primary warehouses of books within Metro Manila, and for the company's online shopping operations.[28]
The SM Araneta City, formerly named SM Cubao, is a mall located along P. Tuazon Boulevard and serves as one of the first shopping centers by SM Retail. Groundbreaking for the construction of the mall began in October 1978, and was completed in 1980. The mall has 102000sqm of space and it is the largest department store building of SM Store in the country, occupying the mall's first 3 floors and has a floor area of 85000sqm, which also presents the SM Supermarket and the Cyberzone. The building also entered renovation in June 2009 and was completed in January 2010, which featured a modernized facade design pattered with stripes within the grey and white colored exteriors, upgraded interiors such as the upgraded atriums with a "shower-like" LED lights display and a striped interior design, expanded floor space, and a skybridge along Times Square Avenue, linking the building to Ali Mall. Another skybridge was unveiled in February 2019, which is directly connected to the Cyberpark Tower One, located along General Aguinaldo Avenue. On 3 October 2022, the building was renamed as SM Araneta City, after an agreement was made between the Araneta Group and SM Retail to rename the building.[21] [29]
The Fiesta Carnival is an indoor amusement park located along General Aguinaldo and General McArthur Avenues. Following the closure of the original Fiesta Carnival, an indoor amusement park which occupied the building from its opening in 1971 to the late 1990s, Shopwise opened its doors in 2004 and serves as one of the biggest branches of the supermarket brand, which has a 18000sqm of retail space.[30] On July 28, 2023, Shopwise moved to the lower ground section of the new Gateway Mall 2,[31] while efforts were made to revive the complex. The original target date of the opening of the amusement park was set within November 2023, yet was eventually moved to December 2023.[32] [33] [34]
On December 9, 2023, the Araneta Group and REKS Amusement launched the soft opening of the revived Fiesta Carnival, which offers a variety of indoor activities, arcade video games, food kiosks, and a carnival themed activity area. Full operations of the amusement park began on December 16, 2023, a week after the soft opening of the complex.[35] [36]
The complex also contains numerous al fresco dining areas, vintage shops, and plant and gardening shops catering its clientele, such as the Araneta City Expo, the Cubao Expo, the Farmers Garden, and the Manhattan Row, wherein the area also serves as an alternative outdoor concert venue.[37] [38] On 3 June 2022, the Araneta City Foodpark, which is also known as the Times Square Food Park, was repurposed in partnership with S&T Leisure Worldwide and became the Araneta Fiesta Park, offering outdoor rides, attractions and outdoor dining spaces.[39] On November 11 of the same year, Araneta City revives the iconic Christmas On Display (COD), mounted inside the Carnival, while on November 18, the Araneta Fiesta Park rebrands as Mini Fiesta Carnival.[40] [41]
The Fiesta Carnival Park halted their operations due to the fire from the adjacent Araneta City Terminal on February 9, 2023,[42] and was initially restored as the Times Square Food Park on November 10, 2023, following the lighting of the 100-foot giant Christmas Tree situated in the area.[43] [44]
See main article: Smart Araneta Coliseum and New Frontier Theater. The Araneta City is also host of some of Metro Manila's major event venues, such as the Smart Araneta Coliseum and the New Frontier Theater. The city also offers around 10,000 parking spaces, including parking spaces from the Araneta City Parking Garage South, a green parking building completed in August 2012, which is equipped with systems that decreases carbon emissions in the atmosphere, located at the southern part of the Smart Araneta Coliseum. The parking building is capable of storing over 1,500 vehicles.[21]
Often known as the "Big Dome", the Smart Araneta Coliseum is an indoor arena located along General Aguinaldo Avenue. Construction for the coliseum began in 1957, before being completed in 1960, and hosted numerous events since its opening, ranging from various concerts, sports matches, gatherings, and entertainment purposes. In the aftermath of the Araneta Center redevelopment plan, plans were also laid out to demolish the Araneta Coliseum in 1999, due to high maintenance costs and amusement taxes. These problems gained little to no revenue in the part of the Araneta Group, despite being subsidized by the company. After further discussions and planning, Jorge Araneta decided to retain and preserve the Coliseum, due to its historical significance and its potential to cater more events in the near future. The coliseum serves as the primary events venue for local media firms and for sports-related events.[5]
The New Frontier Theater is a 2,385-seater multi-purpose events hall, which was the largest theater in the Philippines when it opened in 1967. The theater is currently used as an alternative to the Smart Araneta Coliseum for small scale concerts and meet up gatherings.[45]
See main article: Novotel Manila Araneta City and Ibis Styles Araneta City. The complex currently houses five hotels, wherein two of the hotels are owned by Araneta Hotels Inc., in partnership with Accor Hotels. One of these hotels is the Novotel Manila Araneta City, which opened its doors in 2015. The Araneta Group is also set to open its second hotel in the area in 2023, with the opening of the Ibis Styles Araneta City.[21] Meanwhile, three hotels in the area are owned by different companies, such as Cheers Hotel, located along EDSA, Hotel Dreamworld, which is formerly occupied by Eurotel, and Eurotel, which occupies the first seven floors of the Vivaldi Residences Cubao, serve as the budget hotel component within the complex.
See also: Novotel Manila Araneta City. The Novotel Manila Araneta City is a 24-storey, mid-scale hotel located at the southeast corner to the Araneta Coliseum, and serves as the first Novotel hotel in the country. The hotel has a total of 401 rooms and features five restaurants, seven meeting and function rooms, a spa room, a play area, an open-air events space, a Premium Lounge and a penthouse at the topmost floor.[46]
See also: Ibis Styles Araneta City. The Ibis Styles Araneta City is a budget hotel located adjacent to the Gateway Mall 2, along General Roxas Avenue. The new hotel opened its doors in a soft opening in March 2024, and features 286 rooms and features six function rooms, a lobby lounge, an all-day dining restaurant and patisserie, and a rooftop pool bar with a cantilevered pool, and is expected to be fully completed within the second half of 2024.[47] [48]
See main article: Aurora Tower (Cubao), Gateway Tower (Cubao) and Araneta City Cyberpark.
The Aurora Tower is a 22-storey, mixed-use tower comprising retail, office, penthouse spaces and a rooftop helipad, with Isetann Department Store and Supermarket occupying its first seven floors. The tower has 19800sqm of total space and was completed in 1984. The tower also serves as the former headquarters of the Araneta Group and currently houses local companies, which includes the offices of the Honorary Consulate of Colombia as tenants occupy the upper levels of the building.[49]
The Gateway Office is a PEZA-certified 11-storey office building situated along Aurora Boulevard and General Aguinaldo Avenue. The building has a total floor area of 6700sqm of office space, and is directly connected to the Gateway Mall and the LRT 2 Gateway Mall Concourse on its first three floors.[50]
See also: Gateway Tower (Cubao). The Gateway Tower is a 31-storey mixed-use tower directly connected to the Gateway Mall. Completed in 2014, the tower serves as the headquarters of the Araneta Group and other Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) companies. The tower also comprises retail spaces, more commonly known as the Gateway Tower Mall, corporate office spaces, which are currently occupied by the Araneta Group, 3 penthouse levels, and a helipad.[51]
See also: Araneta City Cyberpark. The Araneta City Cyberpark is a 8ha office development complex located within the city's southern cluster and serves as the office and information technology (IT) Hub components of the area, and houses both international and local companies, primarily Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) companies. The complex currently comprises two towers, namely Cyberpark Tower 1 and Tower 2, which are completed in 2016 and 2019, respectively. One tower, Cyberpark Tower 3, is currently being constructed, and will be similarly designed to its predecessor, the Cyberpark Tower 2. The upcoming tower is aimed to be completed in the 1st quarter of 2025.[52] [53]
The Araneta City is also home to other commercial buildings within the area, wherein some of the buildings served as movie theaters repurposed into various purposes, or newly built buildings within the 2000s. These buildings are presently occupied by Puregold, Rex Bookstore, Savemore Market, the Philippine American Life and General Insurance Company, and other local firms.
See main article: Manhattan Gardens and Vivaldi Residences Cubao.
The Manhattan Gardens is a four-phase (Parkway, Parkview, Heights, Plaza) condominium complex, serving as the first transit-oriented residential development in the country, and occupies 5.7ha hectares of the Araneta City. The development project will have a total condominium units of 9,000 units spread out through 18 residential towers upon completion. At present, the Manhattan Gardens currently has eleven towers in completion, and is now set to construct several additional condominium towers on the pipeline within the former Rustan's Superstore and the present Araneta City Bus Station.
See also: Vivaldi Residences Cubao. Another residential project located within the complex is the Vivaldi Residences Cubao, a 40-storey mixed-use tower, located along the northwestern side of the complex, and along the corners of EDSA and Aurora Boulevard. Owned and managed by Euro Towers International Inc., the tower began construction in 2011, before being completed in 2016, and houses Eurotel on its first seven floors.
The Gateway Square is a 5ha mixed-use superblock development located in the central part of the Araneta City. The development has a total floor area of 400000m2 and consists of the eight properties, namely the Gateway Mall, the Gateway Mall 2, the Gateway Tower, the Gateway Office, the Smart Araneta Coliseum, the Novotel Manila Araneta City, the Ibis Styles Araneta City and the Parking Garage South. The mixed-use area is the first of its kind in the country and is connected to other buildings and developments via sky bridges and walk paths. The development is set to be completed within 2024, in the aftermath of the grand opening of the Gateway Mall 2 and the Ibis Styles Hotel.[54]
Set to be built within the Shopwise Supermarket, which is currently being revived as Fiesta Carnival,[32] the City Plaza is a 2ha mixed-use development consisting of five towers with approximately 60 storeys skyward or higher for each tower. The City Plaza will also feature a four-star hotel, premium grade offices, luxury residential towers, leisure and retail spaces, and green amenities such as the "Spanish Steps", which were inspired from the Spanish Steps in Rome, Italy, and the civic center, located in the middle of the complex.[21] The upcoming complex will also be influenced from the Rockefeller Center in New York City.[55]
The Araneta Mansion, which is commonly known as the White House, and is often translated as the Bahay Na Puti, is also located within the Araneta City, occupying the southwest corner of the complex located along the corner of P. Tuazon Boulevard and Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, and serves as the official residence of the Araneta family.[5] The private property also features approximately 300 chicken dens on the mansion's western side for cockfighting and fowl breeding purposes.[56]
There are two elevated rail stations serving the area; the MRT Line 3 and the LRT Line 2 Araneta Center-Cubao stations. The area also serves as a terminal for jeepneys, BEEP Jeepneys, and UV Express vehicles serving the nearby areas within Metro Manila and the province of Rizal, such as the former Araneta City Bus Station, which is currently occupied by BEEP Jeepneys, Modern Jeeps and UV Express operators. UV Express vehicles bound for selected destinations in Laguna, such as San Pedro, Balibago,Santa Rosa, and Santa Rosa are also available located at the Center Avenue row.[57]
The city also caters a bus terminal, the Araneta City Busport,[49] servicing local and long-distance passengers going to provinces in both Central Luzon and Southern Luzon.[58] The area around the complex also serves as a transport terminal for other jeepneys and provincial buses serving nearby cities and provincial areas around the country. Buses also connect the area to selected rationalized bus routes under bus route numbers 51 (bound for Valenzuela Gateway Complex), 55 (bound for San Pedro Pacita Complex) and 61 (bound for Dasmariñas-SM City Dasmariñas), while buses under bus route number 3, which serves from Antipolo to Quiapo also have bus stops along the LRT 2-Gateway Mall Station Concourse. Buses bound to Antipolo and Bulakan, Bulacan are also located along the Farmers Plaza Bus Stop, located along EDSA while plans are also being laid out to construct a bus stop to cater buses from the EDSA Busway.
Aside from provincial destinations, the Araneta City Busport also offers local routes within Metro Manila and Bulacan, as well as the UBE Express Premium Point-to-Point Airport Bus Service, which connects Araneta City to Manila International Airport and SM Mall of Asia.[49] The complex also offers a free E-shuttle services from Ali Mall, up to the LRT 2-Gateway Mall Concourse, as well as to Gateway Mall 2 and vice versa. The free E-shuttle services began operations on June 20, 2009, and were temporarily suspended in March 2020 in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. The E-shuttle service were returned to service in November 2022.
In the afternoon of February 9, 2023, the Araneta City Bus Terminal was razed down by fire. The following day, at 12:00 noon, the fire has once again reignited and was placed on first alarm, before being fully watered down a few hours later.[59] [60] Two days later, on February 11, 2023, jeepney operations within the terminal were revived and once again have resumed operations.[60] [61]