Rottweil Explained

Type:	Stadt
Image Coa:	Wappen Rottweil.svg
Coordinates:	48.1681°N 8.6247°W
Image Plan:	Rottweil in RW.svg
State:	Baden-Württemberg
District:	Rottweil
Elevation:	557-609
Area:	71.76
Gemeindeschlüssel:	08325049
Postal Code:	78628, 78652 (Unterrotenstein)
Area Code:	0741, 07427 (Neukirch)
Licence:	RW
Website:	www.rottweil.de
Mayor:	Christian Ruf^[1]
Leader Term:	2022 - 30
Bürgermeistertitel:	Oberbürgermeister
Party:	CDU

Rottweil (pronounced as /de/; Alemannic: Rautweil) is a town in southwest Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Rottweil was a free imperial city for nearly 600 years.

Located between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps, Rottweil has over 25,000 inhabitants as of 2022. The town is famous for its medieval center and for its traditional carnival (called "Fasnet" in the local Swabian dialect). It is the oldest town in Baden-Württemberg,^[2] and its appearance has changed very little since the 16th century.

The town gives its name to the Rottweiler dog breed.

History

Rottweil was founded by the Romans in AD 73 as Arae Flaviae and became a municipium, but there are traces of human settlement going back to 2000 BC. Roman baths and an Orpheus mosaic of c. AD 180 date from the time of Roman settlement. The present town became a ducal and a royal court before 771 and in 1268 it became a free imperial city.

In 1463 Rottweil joined the Swiss Confederacy under the pretence of a temporary alliance. In 1476 the Rottweilers fought on the Swiss side against Charles the Bold in the Battle of Morat. In 1512, Pope Julius II gave the city a valuable "Julius banner" for its services in the 1508–1510 "Great Pavier Campaign" to expel the French.^[3] In 1519, the Rottweilers left the old Swiss alliance. They joined a new one in which their membership was extended indefinitely – the so-called "Eternal Covenant".

Rottweil thus became a centre of the Swiss Confederation. The relations between the Swiss Confederation and Rottweil cooled rapidly during the Protestant Reformation. When Rottweil was troubled by wars, however, it still asked the Confederates for help.^[4]

In the Rottweil Witch Hunts from 1546 to 1661, 266 so-called witches, wizards and magicians were executed in the imperial city of Rottweil. On April 15, 2015, they were given a posthumous pardon. An official apology was given by the City Council about 400 years after their violent deaths.^[5]

Rottweil lost both its status as free city and its alliance with the Swiss Confederacy with the conquest of the region by Napoleon in 1803.

Lord mayors since the 19th century

• 1820–1833: Max Joseph von Khuon, Schultheiß
• 1833–1845: Max Teufel
• 1845–1848: Karl Dinkelmann
• 1848–1851: Kaspar Rapp
• 1852–1887: Johann Baptist Marx
• 1887–1923: Edwin Glückher
• 1924–1943: Josef Abrell
• 1943–1944: Otto Mann
• 1944–1945: Paul Fritz
• 1945–1946: Franz Mederle
• 1946–1965: Arnulf Gutknecht
• 1965–1985: Ulrich Regelmann, mayor; from 1970 Lord Mayor
• 1985–2001: Michael Arnold
• 2001–2009: Thomas Engeser
• 2009–2022: Ralf Broß^{[6] [7] [8]}
• 2022–present: Christian Ruf^[9]

Economy

During the Middle Ages, Rottweil used to be a flourishing imperial city with great economic and cultural influence.^[10] In 1868, Rottweil was connected to Stuttgart by rail, which boosted the economy of the region.

Today, most companies in Rottweil are either small or medium-sized.^[11] A trading and shopping town with a high level of innovation that benefits from its well developed educational and transport infrastructure, Rottweil has many industrial companies and a steadily growing proportion of knowledge-intensive service jobs.

At 7.9%, Rottweil has one of the highest academic rates in the region.

Media

Local events in Rottweil are reported in the daily newspaper Schwarzwälder Bote, the Stadtanzeiger, online and once a week in the print edition , the TV station and the local radio station , which is based in the district.

Notable former companies

• Moker
  • Peter-Uhren^[12]
• Rhodia
  • Brauerei Pflug^[13]

Infrastructure

Road traffic

By car, Rottweil can be reached via the Bundesautobahn 81 Stuttgart-Singen, exit Rottweil. The city lies on the Bundesstraße 27 between Schaffhausen and Stuttgart, on the Bundesstraße 14, which runs from Stockach on Lake Constance via Tuttlingen to Rottweil and on via Horb am Neckar to Stuttgart, and on the Bundesstraße 462 from Rottweil through the Black Forest to Freudenstadt and Rastatt.

Bicycle traffic

Rottweil is located on the along the Neckar River via Horb, Tübingen, Stuttgart, Heilbronn and Heidelberg to Mannheim.

Air traffic

In the neighboring village of Zepfenhan, about 12km (07miles) away, is the (Rottweil-Zepfenhan airfield), which can be approached by small aircraft. The nearest commercial airports are Stuttgart Airport and Zurich Airport.

Education

Rottweil has three Gymnasien (Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium, Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium, Leibniz-Gymnasium), one Realschule, one Förderschule (Achert-Schule), three Grundschulen (Eichendorff-Grundschule, Grundschule Neufra and Grundschule Neukirch), and four Hauptschulen (GHS Göllsdorf, Johanniter-Grund- und Hauptschule, Konrad-Witz-Grund- und Hauptschule and Römer-Grund- und Hauptschule).

Main sights

• The late-Romanesque and Gothic–era Münster Heiliges Kreuz ("Minster of the Holy Cross"), built over a pre-existing church from 1270. It features a crucifix by Veit Stoss and noteworthy Gothic sculptures.
• Kapellenkirche (1330–1340), a Gothic church with a tower and with three statue-decorated portals
• Lorenzkapelle ("Church of St. Lawrence", 16th century) in late Gothic style. It houses some two hundred works by Swabian masters and Gothic altarpieces from the 14th and 15th centuries.
• The town's museum, including a notable Roman mosaic with the legend of Orpheus
• The late-Gothic town hall (1521)
• St. Pelagius, a Romanesque church from the 12th century. Excavations have brought to light Roman baths on the same site.
• Dominican Museum of Rottweil – local branch of the Landesmuseum Württemberg
• ThyssenKrupp constructed a $45 million, 807feet tower, the Rottweil Test Tower. The tower is a research facility for the company and is used to test new elevator cars and technologies. When the tower was completed in 2017, it was the tallest elevator test tower in the world.^[14] The tower has 12 elevator shafts.^[15]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany. Rottweil is twinned with:^[16]

• L'Aquila, Italy
• Brugg, Switzerland
• Hyères, France
• Imst, Austria

Notable people

• Konrad Witz (1400/10–1445/46), painter, active mainly in Basel.
• Adam of Rottweil, 15th-century scholar and printer
• Johann Georg Herbst (1787–1836), a German Orientalist.^[17]
• Franz Xavier Wernz (1842–1914), the 25th Superior General of the Society of Jesus
• Erwin Teufel (born 1939), politician (CDU), former minister president of Baden-Württemberg
• Rüdiger Safranski (born 1945), philosopher, writer and literary scholar
• Matthias Hölle (born 1951), opera bass
• Anne Haigis (born 1955), musician, singer and songwriter.
• Wolfgang Stryi (1957–2005), jazz musician, composer, clarinetist and tenor saxophonist
• Andreas Schwab (born 1973), politician (CDU) and member of the European Parliament
• Johannes Erath (born 1975), opera director
• Heike Heubach (born 1979), politician, (SPD); she is deaf

Sport

• Klaus-Dieter Sieloff (1942–2011), footballer, brought up locally, played 338 games and 14 for West Germany
• brothers Marcus Trick (born 1977) & Armon Trick (born 1978), retired international rugby union players
• Simone Hauswald (born 1979), a former biathlete and bronze medallist at the 2010 Winter Olympics
• Markus Fuchs (born 1980), footballer who played over 300 games
• Christoph Burkard (born 1983), Paralympic swimmer, medallist at the 2004 & 2012 Summer Paralympics
• Maximiliane Rall (born 1993), footballer, played over 200 games and 9 for Germany women
• Joshua Kimmich (born 1995), footballer, played over 310 games and 85 for Germany

Trivia

• The Rottweiler dog breed is named after this town; it used to be a butcher's dog in the region.^[18]
• "Das Mädchen aus Rottweil" is a song by the German band Die Toten Hosen.^[19]

See also

• Rottweil (district)
• Synagoge Rottweil

External links

• • Feast of Fools: Medieval Carnival Celebrations in Rottweil
• History and territory of the former Reichsstadt Rottweil
• Pictures of and stories about Rottweil

Notes and References

1. https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/oberbuergermeisterwahl-rottweil-2022/ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Rottweil 2022
2. Website of Dominikaner Museum Rottweil (retrieved May 22, 2014), on permanent display is a wooden table from August 4, AD 186 naming arae flaviae as municipium thus making Rottweil the oldest town in Baden-Württemberg http://www.dominikanermuseum.de/cms/?q=node/3
3. Hecht . Winfried . The Julius Banner of the Village of Rottweil . Der Geschichtsfreund: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Fünf Orte Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden und Zug . 1973 . 126-127 . 141 . 10.5169/seals-118647 . 2019-01-25.
4. Web site: Hecht . Winfried . Rottweil . Historical Dictionary of Switzerland . 2019-01-25.
5. Book: Zeck . Mario . "Im Rauch gehen Himmel geschüggt", Hexenverfolgung in der Reichsstadt Rottweil . 2000 . Stuttgart . 43.
6. Web site: Oberbürgermeisterwahl 2009 - vorläufiges amtliches Endergebnis . Kommunale Informationsverarbeitung Reutlingen-Ulm . de . 2 February 2017.
7. Web site: Ralf Broß - Oberbürgermeister - Stadt Rottweil . . de . 2 February 2017.
8. Web site: Mitarbeiter: Broß, Ralf . de . Rottweil (official site) . 2 February 2017.
9. https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/oberbuergermeisterwahl-rottweil-2022/ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Rottweil 2022
10. Web site: Wirtschaft Landkreis Rottweil. 2021-12-18. www.landkreis-rottweil.de.
11. Web site: Wirtschaftsstruktur Stadt Rottweil - Die älteste Stadt Baden Württembergs. 2021-12-18. www.rottweil.de.
12. Web site: Peter-Uhren GmbH – Rottweiler Bilder. 2021-12-22. www.rottweil.net.
13. Web site: Ehemalige Pflug-Brauerei – Rottweiler Bilder. 2021-12-18. www.rottweil.net.
14. Web site: Dillon. Conor. 2015-06-26. World's tallest elevator tower rises in Rottweil, Germany DW 26.06.2015. 2021-12-13. Deutsche Welle. en.
15. News: Eliot . Brown . September 15, 2015 . Elevators Elevate German City's Image . . 2 February 2017. 0099-9660.
16. Web site: Rottweil und seine Partnerschaften. rottweil.de. Rottweil. de. 2021-03-16.
17. Johann Georg Herbst . 7 . Souvay . Charles Léon . 1.
18. Web site: Rottweiler Description, Temperament, Images, & Facts Britannica. 2021-12-24. www.britannica.com. en.
19. News: 2002-08-07. Menschen Das Mädchen aus Rottweil - verzweifelt gesucht!. 2021-12-24. faz.net. de.