Arabic script in Unicode explained

Many scripts in Unicode, such as Arabic, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. In English, the common ampersand (&) developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters e and t (spelling et, Latin for and) were combined.^[1] The rules governing ligature formation in Arabic can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as the Arabic Calligraphic Engine by Thomas Milo's DecoType.^[2]

As of Unicode version=15.1, the Arabic script is contained in the following blocks:^[3]

• Arabic (0600–06FF, 256 characters)
• Arabic Supplement (0750–077F, 48 characters)
• Arabic Extended-B (0870–089F, 41 characters)
• Arabic Extended-A (08A0–08FF, 96 characters)
• Arabic Presentation Forms-A (FB50–FDFF, 631 characters)
• Arabic Presentation Forms-B (FE70–FEFF, 141 characters)
• Rumi Numeral Symbols (10E60–10E7F, 31 characters)
• Arabic Extended-C (10EC0-10EFF, 3 characters)
• Indic Siyaq Numbers (1EC70–1ECBF, 68 characters)
• Ottoman Siyaq Numbers (1ED00–1ED4F, 61 characters)
• Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols (1EE00–1EEFF, 143 characters)

The basic Arabic range encodes the standard letters and diacritics, but does not encode contextual forms (U+0621–U+0652 being directly based on ISO 8859-6); and also includes the most common diacritics and Arabic-Indic digits.The Arabic Supplement range encodes letter variants mostly used for writing African (non-Arabic) languages.The Arabic Extended-B and Arabic Extended-A ranges encode additional Qur'anic annotations and letter variants used for various non-Arabic languages.The Arabic Presentation Forms-A range encodes contextual forms and ligatures of letter variants needed for Persian, Urdu, Sindhi and Central Asian languages.The Arabic Presentation Forms-B range encodes spacing forms of Arabic diacritics, and more contextual letter forms.The presentation forms are present only for compatibility with older standards, and are not currently needed for coding text.^[4] The Arabic Mathematical Alphabetical Symbols block encodes characters used in Arabic mathematical expressions.The Indic Siyaq Numbers block contains a specialized subset of Arabic script that was used for accounting in India under the Mughal Empire by the 17th century through the middle of the 20th century.^{[5] [6]} The Ottoman Siyaq Numbers block contains a specialized subset of Arabic script, also known as Siyakat numbers, used for accounting in Ottoman Turkish documents.

Contextual forms

Below is a demonstration for the basic alphabet used in Modern Standard Arabic illustrating how Arabic letters are expected to appear in different contexts. Codepoints listed as contextual forms should "should not be used in general interchange". Unicode has other methods of encoding the difference if necessary, such as Zero-width joiner.

General Unicode	Contextual forms				Name
	Isolated	Final (End)	Medial (Middle)	Initial (Beginning)
0627 Arabic: ا	FE8D Arabic: ﺍ	FE8E Arabic: ﺎ
0628 Arabic: ب	FE8F Arabic: ﺏ	FE90 Arabic: ﺐ	FE92 Arabic: ﺒ	FE91 Arabic: ﺑ
062A Arabic: ت	FE95 Arabic: ﺕ	FE96 Arabic: ﺖ	FE98 Arabic: ﺘ	FE97 Arabic: ﺗ
062B Arabic: ث	FE99 Arabic: ﺙ	FE9A Arabic: ﺚ	FE9C Arabic: ﺜ	FE9B Arabic: ﺛ
062C Arabic: ج	FE9D Arabic: ﺝ	FE9E Arabic: ﺞ	FEA0 Arabic: ﺠ	FE9F Arabic: ﺟ
062D Arabic: ح	FEA1 Arabic: ﺡ	FEA2 Arabic: ﺢ	FEA4 Arabic: ﺤ	FEA3 Arabic: ﺣ
062E Arabic: خ	FEA5 Arabic: ﺥ	FEA6 Arabic: ﺦ	FEA8 Arabic: ﺨ	FEA7 Arabic: ﺧ
062F Arabic: د	FEA9 Arabic: ﺩ	FEAA Arabic: ﺪ
0630 Arabic: ذ	FEAB Arabic: ﺫ	FEAC Arabic: ﺬ
0631 Arabic: ر	FEAD Arabic: ﺭ	FEAE Arabic: ﺮ
0632 Arabic: ز	FEAF Arabic: ﺯ	FEB0 Arabic: ﺰ
0633 Arabic: س	FEB1 Arabic: ﺱ	FEB2 Arabic: ﺲ	FEB4 Arabic: ﺴ	FEB3 Arabic: ﺳ
0634 Arabic: ش	FEB5 Arabic: ﺵ	FEB6 Arabic: ﺶ	FEB8 Arabic: ﺸ	FEB7 Arabic: ﺷ
0635 Arabic: ص	FEB9 Arabic: ﺹ	FEBA Arabic: ﺺ	FEBC Arabic: ﺼ	FEBB Arabic: ﺻ
0636 Arabic: ض	FEBD Arabic: ﺽ	FEBE Arabic: ﺾ	FEC0 Arabic: ﻀ	FEBF Arabic: ﺿ
0637 Arabic: ط	FEC1 Arabic: ﻁ	FEC2 Arabic: ﻂ	FEC4 Arabic: ﻄ	FEC3 Arabic: ﻃ
0638 Arabic: ظ	FEC5 Arabic: ﻅ	FEC6 Arabic: ﻆ	FEC8 Arabic: ﻈ	FEC7 Arabic: ﻇ
0639 Arabic: ع	FEC9 Arabic: ﻉ	FECA Arabic: ﻊ	FECC Arabic: ﻌ	FECB Arabic: ﻋ
063A Arabic: غ	FECD Arabic: ﻍ	FECE Arabic: ﻎ	FED0 Arabic: ﻐ	FECF Arabic: ﻏ
0641 Arabic: ف	FED1 Arabic: ﻑ	FED2 Arabic: ﻒ	FED4 Arabic: ﻔ	FED3 Arabic: ﻓ
0642 Arabic: ق	FED5 Arabic: ﻕ	FED6 Arabic: ﻖ	FED8 Arabic: ﻘ	FED7 Arabic: ﻗ
0643 Arabic: ك	FED9 Arabic: ﻙ	FEDA Arabic: ﻚ	FEDC Arabic: ﻜ	FEDB Arabic: ﻛ
0644 Arabic: ل	FEDD Arabic: ﻝ	FEDE Arabic: ﻞ	FEE0 Arabic: ﻠ	FEDF Arabic: ﻟ
0645 Arabic: م	FEE1 Arabic: ﻡ	FEE2 Arabic: ﻢ	FEE4 Arabic: ﻤ	FEE3 Arabic: ﻣ
0646 Arabic: ن	FEE5 Arabic: ﻥ	FEE6 Arabic: ﻦ	FEE8 Arabic: ﻨ	FEE7 Arabic: ﻧ
0647 Arabic: ه	FEE9 Arabic: ﻩ	FEEA Arabic: ﻪ	FEEC Arabic: ﻬ	FEEB Arabic: ﻫ
0648 Arabic: و	FEED Arabic: ﻭ	FEEE Arabic: ﻮ
064A Arabic: ي	FEF1 Arabic: ﻱ	FEF2 Arabic: ﻲ	FEF4 Arabic: ﻴ	FEF3 Arabic: ﻳ
0622 Arabic: آ	FE81 Arabic: ﺁ	FE82 Arabic: ﺂ
0629 Arabic: ة	FE93 Arabic: ﺓ	FE94 Arabic: ﺔ	—	—
0649 Arabic: ى	FEEF Arabic: ﻯ	FEF0 Arabic: ﻰ	—	—

Punctuation and ornaments

Only the Arabic question mark ⟨Arabic: ؟⟩ and the Arabic comma ⟨Arabic: ،⟩ are used in regular Arabic script typing and the comma is often substituted for the Latin script comma ⟨,⟩ which is also used as the decimal separator when the Eastern Arabic numerals are used (e.g. ⟨100.6⟩ compared to ⟨Arabic: ١٠٠,٦⟩).

• • • • • • • • U+066D

٭

Word ligatures

Arabic Presentation Forms-A has a few characters defined as "word ligatures" for terms frequently used in formulaic expressions in Arabic. They are rarely used out of professional liturgical typing, also the Rial grapheme is normally written fully, not by the ligature.

• • • • , as in the phrase

Code blocks

Arabic

Character table

Code	Result	Unicode name
U+0600		Arabic Number Sign
U+0601		Arabic Sign Sanah
U+0602		Arabic Footnote Marker
U+0603		Arabic Sign Safha
U+0604		Arabic Sign Samvatused for writing Samvat era dates in Urdu
U+0605		Arabic Number Mark Abovemay be used with Coptic Epact numbers
U+0606		Arabic-Indic Cube Root→ U+221B ∛ Cube Root
U+0607		Arabic-Indic Fourth Root→ U+221C ∜ Fourth Root
U+0608		Arabic Ray
U+0609		Arabic-Indic Per Mille Sign→ U+2030 ‰ Per Mille Sign
U+060A		Arabic-Indic Per Ten Thousand Sign→ U+2031‱ Per Ten Thousand Sign
U+060B		Afghani Sign
U+060C		Arabic Commaalso used with Thaana and Syriac in modern text → U+002C, Comma → U+2E32 ⸲ Turned Comma → U+2E41 ⹁ Reversed Comma
U+060D		Arabic Date Separator
U+060E		Arabic Poetic Verse Sign
U+060F		Arabic Sign Misra
U+0610		Arabic Sign Sallallahou Alayhe Wassallamrepresents sallallahu alayhe wasallam "may God's peace and blessings be upon him"
U+0611		Arabic Sign Alayhe Assallamrepresents alayhe assalam "upon him be peace"
U+0612		Arabic Sign Rahmatullah Alayherepresents rahmatullah alayhe "may God have mercy upon him"
U+0613		Arabic Sign Radi Allahou Anhurepresents radi allahu 'anhu "may God be pleased with him"
U+0614		Arabic Sign Takhallussign placed over the name or nom-de-plume of a poet, or in some writings used to mark all proper names
U+0615		Arabic Small High Tahmarks a recommended pause position in some Qurans published in Iran and Pakistanshould not be confused with the small TAH sign used as a diacritic for some letters such as 0679
U+0616		Arabic Small High Ligature Alef With Lam With Yehearly Persian Arabic Small High Ligature Alef With Yeh Barree
U+0617		Arabic Small High Zain
U+0618		Arabic Small Fathashould not be confused with 064E Fatha
U+0619		Arabic Small Dammashould not be confused with 064F Damma
U+061A		Arabic Small Kasrashould not be confused with 0650 Kasra
U+061B		Arabic Semicolonalso used with Thaana and Syriac in modern text→ U+003B ; Semicolon→ U+204F ⁏ Reversed Semicolon→ U+2E35 ⸵ Turned Semicolon
U+061C		Arabic Letter Mark (Alm)
U+061D		Arabic End Of Text Mark
U+061E		Arabic Triple Dot Punctuation Mark
U+061F		Arabic Question Markalso used with Thaana and Syriac in modern text→ U+003F ? Question Mark→ U+2E2E ⸮ Reversed Question Mark
U+0620		Arabic Letter Kashmiri Yeh
U+0621		Arabic Letter Hamza→ U+02BE ʾ Modifier Letter Right Half Ring
U+0622		Arabic Letter Alef With Madda Above≡ آ U+0627 U+0653
U+0623		Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Above≡ أ U+0627 U+0654
U+0624		Arabic Letter Waw With Hamza Above≡ ؤ U+0648 U+0654
U+0625		Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Below≡ إ U+0627 U+0655
U+0626		Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Abovein Kyrgyz the hamza is consistently positioned to the top right in isolate and final forms≡ ئ U+064A U+0654
U+0627		Arabic Letter Alef
U+0628		Arabic Letter Beh
U+0629		Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta
U+062A		Arabic Letter Teh
U+062B		Arabic Letter Theh
U+062C		Arabic Letter Jeem
U+062D		Arabic Letter Hah
U+062E		Arabic Letter Khah
U+062F		Arabic Letter Dal
U+0630		Arabic Letter Thal
U+0631		Arabic Letter Reh
U+0632		Arabic Letter Zain
U+0633		Arabic Letter Seen
U+0634		Arabic Letter Sheen
U+0635		Arabic Letter Sad
U+0636		Arabic Letter Dad
U+0637		Arabic Letter Tah
U+0638		Arabic Letter Zah
U+0639		Arabic Letter Ain→ U+01B9 ƹ Latin Small Letter Ezh Reversed→ U+02BF ʿ MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING
U+063A		Arabic Letter Ghain
U+063B		Arabic Letter Keheh With Two Dots Above
U+063C		Arabic Letter Keheh With Three Dots Below
U+063D		Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh With Inverted VAzerbaijani
U+063E		Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh With Two Dots Above
U+063F		Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh With Three Dots Above
U+0640		Arabic Tatweelinserted to stretch characters or to carry tashkil with no base letteralso used with Adlam, Hanifi Rohingya, Mandaic, Manichaean, Psalter Pahlavi, Sogdian, and Syriac= kashida
U+0641		Arabic Letter Feh
U+0642		Arabic Letter Qaf
U+0643		Arabic Letter Kaf
U+0644		Arabic Letter Lam
U+0645		Arabic Letter MeemSindhi uses a shape with a short tail
U+0646		Arabic Letter Noon
U+0647		Arabic Letter Heh
U+0648		Arabic Letter Waw
U+0649		Arabic Letter Alef Maksurarepresents YEH-shaped dual-joining letter with no dots in any positional formnot intended for use in combination with 0654→ U+0626 ئ Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above
U+064A		Arabic Letter Yehloses its dots when used in combination with 0654retains its dots when used in combination with other combining marks→ U+08A8 ࢨ Arabic Letter Yeh With Two Dots Below And Hamza Above
U+064B		Arabic Fathatan
U+064C		Arabic Dammatana common alternative form is written as two intertwined dammas, one of which is turned 180 degrees
U+064D		Arabic Kasratan
U+064E		Arabic Fatha
U+064F		Arabic Damma
U+0650		Arabic Kasra
U+0651		Arabic Shadda
U+0652		Arabic Sukunmarks absence of a vowel after the base consonantused in some Qurans to mark a long vowel as ignoredcan have a variety of shapes, including a circular one and a shape that looks like '06E1'→ U+06E1 ۡArabic Small High Dotless Head Of Khah
U+0653		Arabic Maddah Aboveused for madd jaa'iz in South Asian and Indonesian orthographies→U+089C ࢜ Arabic Madda Waajib→U+089E ࢞ Arabic Doubled Madda→U+089F ࢟ Arabic Half Madda Over Madda
U+0654		Arabic Hamza Aboverestricted to hamza and ezafe semanticsis not used as a diacritic to form new letters
U+0655		Arabic Hamza Below
U+0656		Arabic Subscript Alef
U+0657		Arabic Inverted DammaKashmiri, Urdu= ulta pesh
U+0658		Arabic Mark Noon GhunnaBaluchiindicates nasalization in Urdu
U+0659		Arabic ZwarakayPashto
U+065A		Arabic Vowel Sign Small V AboveAfrican languages
U+065B		Arabic Vowel Sign Inverted Small V AboveAfrican languages
U+065C		Arabic Vowel Sign Dot BelowAfrican languagesalso used in Quranic text in African and other orthographies
U+065D		Arabic Reversed DammaAfrican languages
U+065E		Arabic Fatha With Two DotsKalami
U+065F		Arabic Wavy Hamza BelowKashmiri
U+0660		Arabic-Indic Digit Zero
U+0661		Arabic-Indic Digit One
U+0662		Arabic-Indic Digit Two
U+0663		Arabic-Indic Digit Three
U+0664		Arabic-Indic Digit Four
U+0665		Arabic-Indic Digit Five
U+0666		Arabic-Indic Digit Six
U+0667		Arabic-Indic Digit Seven
U+0668		Arabic-Indic Digit Eight
U+0669		Arabic-Indic Digit Nine
U+066A		Arabic Percent Sign→ U+0025 % Percent Sign
U+066B		Arabic Decimal Separator the ordinary comma is most commonly used instead → U+002C, Comma
U+066C		Arabic Thousands Separator the Arabic comma is most commonly used instead → U+060C ، Arabic Comma → U+0027 ' Apostrophe → U+2019 ’ Right Single Quotation Mark
U+066D		Arabic Five Pointed Starappearance rather variable → U+002A * Asterisk
U+066E		Arabic Letter Dotless Beh
U+066F		Arabic Letter Dotless Qaf
U+0670		Arabic Letter Superscript Alef
U+0671		Arabic Letter Alef WaslaQuranic Arabic
U+0672		Arabic Letter Alef With Wavy Hamza AboveBaluchi, Kashmiri
U+0673		Arabic Letter Alef With Wavy Hamza Below (deprecated)^[7] Kashmirithis character is deprecated and its use is strongly discourageduse the sequence 0627 065F instead
U+0674		Arabic Letter High HamzaKazakh, Jawiforms digraphs
U+0675		Arabic Letter High Hamza Alefpreferred spelling is U+0674 U+0627
U+0676		Arabic Letter High Hamza Wawpreferred spelling is U+0674 U+0648
U+0677		Arabic Letter U With Hamza Abovepreferred spelling is U+0674 U+06C7
U+0678		Arabic Letter High Hamza Yehpreferred spelling is U+0674 06CC
U+0679		Arabic Letter TtehUrdu
U+067A		Arabic Letter TtehehSindhi
U+067B		Arabic Letter BeehSindhi
U+067C		Arabic Letter Teh With RingPashto
U+067D		Arabic Letter Teh With Three Dots Above DownwardsSindhi
U+067E		Arabic Letter PehPersian, Urdu, ...
U+067F		Arabic Letter TehehSindhi
U+0680		Arabic Letter BehehSindhi
U+0681		Arabic Letter Hah With Hamza AbovePashto, Sarikolirepresents the phoneme /dz/
U+0682		Arabic Letter Hah With Two Dots Vertical Abovenot used in modern Pashto
U+0683		Arabic Letter NyehSindhi
U+0684		Arabic Letter DyehSindhi, historically Bosnian
U+0685		Arabic Letter Hah With Three Dots AbovePashto, Khwarazmian, Sarikolirepresents the phoneme /ts/ in Pashto
U+0686		Arabic Letter TchehPersian, Urdu, ...
U+0687		Arabic Letter TchehehSindhi
U+0688		Arabic Letter DdalUrdu
U+0689		Arabic Letter Dal With RingPashto
U+068A		Arabic Letter Dal With Dot BelowSindhi, early Persian, Pegon, Malagasy
U+068B		Arabic Letter Dal With Dot Below And Small TahLahnda
U+068C		Arabic Letter DahalSindhi
U+068D		Arabic Letter DdahalSindhi
U+068E		Arabic Letter Dulolder shape for DUL, now obsolete in SindhiBurushaski
U+068F		Arabic Letter Dal With Three Dots Above DownwardsSindhicurrent shape used for DUL
U+0690		Arabic Letter Dal With Four Dots AboveOld Urdu, not in current use
U+0691		Arabic Letter RrehUrdu
U+0692		Arabic Letter Reh With Small VKurdish
U+0693		Arabic Letter Reh With RingPashto
U+0694		Arabic Letter Reh With Dot BelowKurdish, early Persian
U+0695		Arabic Letter Reh With Small V BelowKurdish
U+0696		Arabic Letter Reh With Dot Below And Dot AbovePashto
U+0697		Arabic Letter Reh With Two Dots AboveDargwa
U+0698		Arabic Letter JehPersian, Urdu, ...
U+0699		Arabic Letter Reh With Four Dots AboveSindhi
U+069A		Arabic Letter Seen With Dot Below And Dot AbovePashto
U+069B		Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Belowearly Persian
U+069C		Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Below And Three Dots AboveMoroccan Arabic
U+069D		Arabic Letter Sad With Two Dots BelowTurkic
U+069E		Arabic Letter Sad With Three Dots AboveBerber, Burushaski
U+069F		Arabic Letter Tah With Three Dots AboveOld Hausa
U+06A0		Arabic Letter Ain With Three Dots AboveJawi
U+06A1		Arabic Letter Dotless FehAdighe
U+06A2		Arabic Letter Feh With Dot Moved BelowMaghrib Arabic
U+06A3		Arabic Letter Feh With Dot BelowIngush
U+06A4		Arabic Letter VehMiddle Eastern Arabic for foreign wordsKurdish, Khwarazmian, early Persian, Jawi
U+06A5		Arabic Letter Feh With Three Dots BelowNorth African Arabic for foreign words
U+06A6		Arabic Letter PehehSindhi
U+06A7		Arabic Letter Qaf With Dot AboveMaghrib Arabic, Uyghur
U+06A8		Arabic Letter Qaf With Three Dots AboveTunisian and Algerian Arabic
U+06A9		Arabic Letter KehehPersian, Urdu, Sindhi, ...= kaf mashkula
U+06AA		Arabic Letter Swash Kafrepresents a letter distinct from Arabic KAF (0643) in Sindhi
U+06AB		Arabic Letter Kaf With RingPashtomay appear like an Arabic KAF (0643) with a ring below the base
U+06AC		Arabic Letter Kaf With Dot Aboveuse for the Jawi gaf is not recommended, although it may be found in some existing text data; recommended character for Jawi gaf is 0762→ U+0762 ݢ Arabic Letter Keheh With Dot Above
U+06AD		Arabic Letter NgUyghur, Kazakh, Moroccan Arabic, early Jawi, early Persian, ...
U+06AE		Arabic Letter Kaf With Three Dots BelowBerber, early PersianPegon alternative for 08B4
U+06AF		Arabic Letter GafPersian, Urdu, ...
U+06B0		Arabic Letter Gaf With RingLahnda
U+06B1		Arabic Letter NgoehSindhi
U+06B2		Arabic Letter Gaf With Two Dots Belownot used in Sindhi
U+06B3		Arabic Letter GuehSindhi, Saraiki
U+06B4		Arabic Letter Gaf With Three Dots Abovenot used in Sindhi,Karakalpak
U+06B5		Arabic Letter Lam With Small VKurdish, historically Bosnian
U+06B6		Arabic Letter Lam With Dot AboveKurdish
U+06B7		Arabic Letter Lam With Three Dots AboveKurdish
U+06B8		Arabic Letter Lam With Three Dots BelowAvar, Soqotri
U+06B9		Arabic Letter Noon With Dot Below
U+06BA		Arabic Letter Noon GhunnaUrdu, archaic Arabicdotless in all four contextual forms
U+06BB		Arabic Letter Rnoondotless in all four contextual formsSindhi
U+06BC		Arabic Letter Noon With RingPashto
U+06BD		Arabic Letter Noon With Three Dots AboveJawi
U+06BE		Arabic Letter Heh Doachashmeeforms aspirate digraphs in Urdu and other languages of South Asiarepresents the glottal fricative /h/ in Uyghur
U+06BF		Arabic Letter Tcheh With Dot Above
U+06C0		Arabic Letter Heh With Yeh Abovefor ezafe, use 0654 over the language-appropriate base letteractually a ligature, not an independent letterarabic letter hamzah on ha (1.0)≡ ۀ U+06D5 U+0654
U+06C1		Arabic Letter Heh GoalUrdu
U+06C2		Arabic Letter Heh Goal With Hamza AboveUrduactually a ligature, not an independent letter≡ ۂ U+06C1 U+0654
U+06C3		Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta GoalUrdu
U+06C4		Arabic Letter Waw With RingKashmiri
U+06C5		Arabic Letter Kirghiz OeKyrgyza glyph variant occurs which replaces the looped tail with a horizontal bar through the tail
U+06C6		Arabic Letter OeUyghur, Kurdish, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, historically Bosnian
U+06C7		Arabic Letter UAzerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur
U+06C8		Arabic Letter YuUyghur
U+06C9		Arabic Letter Kirghiz YuKazakh, Kyrgyz, historically Bosnian
U+06CA		Arabic Letter Waw With Two Dots AboveKurdish
U+06CB		Arabic Letter VeUyghur, Kazakh
U+06CC		Arabic Letter Farsi YehArabic, Persian, Urdu, Kashmiri, ...initial and medial forms of this letter have dots→ U+0649 ى ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA→ U+064A ي Arabic Letter Yeh
U+06CD		Arabic Letter Yeh With TailPashto, Sindhi
U+06CE		Arabic Letter Yeh With Small VKurdish
U+06CF		Arabic Letter Waw With Dot AboveJawi	U+06D0		Arabic Letter EPashto, Uyghurused as the letter bbeh in Sindhi
U+06D1		Arabic Letter Yeh With Three Dots BelowMende languages, Hausa
U+06D2		Arabic Letter Yeh BarreeUrdu
U+06D3		Arabic Letter Yeh Barree With Hamza AboveUrdu
U+06D4		Arabic Full StopUrdu
U+06D5		Arabic Letter AeUyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz
U+06D6		Arabic Small High Ligature Sad With Lam With Alef Maksura
U+06D7		Arabic Small High Ligature Qaf With Lam With Alef Maksura
U+06D8		Arabic Small High Meem Initial Form
U+06D9		Arabic Small High Lam Alef
U+06DA		Arabic Small High Jeem
U+06DB		Arabic Small High Three Dots
U+06DC		Arabic Small High Seen
U+06DD		Arabic End of Ayah
U+06DE		Arabic Star of Rub El Hizb
U+06DF		Arabic Small High Rounded Zerosmaller than the typical circular shape used for 0652
U+06E0		Arabic Small High Upright Rectangular Zerothe term "rectangular zero" is a translation of the Arabic name of this sign
U+06E1		Arabic Small High Dotless Head Of Khah presentation form of 0652, using font technology to select the variant is preferredused in some Qurans to mark absence of a vowel= Arabic jazm→ U+0652 ْ Arabic Sukun
U+06E2		Arabic Small High Meem Isolated Form
U+06E3		Arabic Small Low Seen
U+06E4		Arabic Small High Maddatypically used with 06E5, 06E6, 06E7, and 08F3
U+06E5		Arabic Small Waw→ U+08D3 ࣓ Arabic Small Low Waw→ U+08F3 ࣳ Arabic Small High Waw
U+06E6		Arabic Small Yeh
U+06E7		Arabic Small High Yeh
U+06E8		Arabic Small High Noon
U+06E9		Arabic Place Of Sajdahthere is a range of acceptable glyphs for this character
U+06EA		Arabic Empty Centre Low Stop
U+06EB		Arabic Empty Centre High Stop
U+06EC		Arabic Rounded High Stop With Filled Centrealso used in Quranic text in African and other orthographies to represent wasla, ikhtilas, etc.
U+06ED		Arabic Small Low Meem
U+06EE		Arabic Letter Dal With Inverted V
U+06EF		Arabic Letter Reh With Inverted Valso used in early Persian
U+06F0		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Zero
U+06F1		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit One
U+06F2		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Two
U+06F3		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Three
U+06F4		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit FourPersian has a different glyph than Sindhi and Urdu
U+06F5		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit FivePersian, Sindhi, and Urdu share glyph different from Arabic
U+06F6		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit SixPersian, Sindhi, and Urdu have glyphs different from Arabic
U+06F7		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit SevenUrdu and Sindhi have glyphs different from Arabic
U+06F8		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Eight
U+06F9		Extended Arabic-Indic Digit Nine
U+06FA		Arabic Letter Sheen With Dot Below
U+06FB		Arabic Letter Dad With Dot Below
U+06FC		Arabic Letter Ghain With Dot Below
U+06FD		Arabic Sign Sindhi Ampersand
U+06FE		Arabic Sign Sindhi Postposition Men
U+06FF		Arabic Letter Heh With Inverted V

Compact table

Arabic Supplement

Arabic Extended-B

Arabic Extended-A

Arabic Presentation Forms A

They are mostly ligatures which can be created from the previous charts' characters, with the exception of the bracket-like graphemes and some of them are ligatures of common liturgical phrases.

Arabic Presentation Forms B

These can all be created from the basic chart's characters.

Rumi Numeral Symbols

Arabic Extended-C

Indic Siyaq Numbers

Ottoman Siyaq Numbers

Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols

References

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20171021032353/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/origin-of-ampersand "What is the origin of the ampersand (&)?"
2. unicode.org Biography: Thomas Milo - DecoType
3. Web site: UAX #24: Script data file . Unicode Character Database . The Unicode Consortium.
4. Web site: Section 9.2: Arabic, Arabic Presentation Forms-B . September 2022 . The Unicode Standard . The Unicode Consortium.
5. Web site: L2/15-121R2: Proposal to Encode Indic Siyaq Numbers. 2015-11-05. Anshuman. Pandey.
6. Book: The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 . Chapter 22: Symbols . Unicode, Inc . September 2022 . Mountain View, CA . 978-1-936213-32-0 .
7. Deprecated as of Unicode version 6.0 UCD Change History "The particular combination of an alef withthis vowel mark should be written with the sequence <U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF,U+065F ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW>, rather than with the character U+0673 ARABICLETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW, which has been deprecated and which is notcanonically equivalent. Web site: Section 9.2: Arabic, Additional Vowel Marks . September 2022 . The Unicode Standard . The Unicode Consortium.

External links

• Web site: Unicode problems . Oibane . Arabic on Linux . https://web.archive.org/web/20080203055936/http://www.k2.dion.ne.jp/~oibane/aonl/en/uni-prob.htm . 2008-02-03 . dead.
• Web site: Arabunic : unicode <-> glyphs, 2 way converter . Arabunic . Java applet that convert glyphs to unicode (and unicode to glyphs). It accounts for ligatures, lam-alif, diacritics, etc..
• [//software.sil.org/Scheherazade Scheherazade] or [//fonts.google.com/specimen/Scheherazade+New?subset=arabic Scheherazade New], an extended Arabic script font designed by SIL International, distributed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL)
• [//fonts.google.com/specimen/Harmattan?subset=arabic Harmattan], an extended Arabic script font designed by SIL International for West Africa, distributed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL)