Arab Iraq was a term used to refer to the Arab-populated region to the west of Persian Iraq. It included Lower Mesopotamia and some desert areas which are geographically connected to the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula without any natural borders.[1] [2] The name "Arab Iraq" was created during the Seljuk era in the 11th-12th centuries, to distinguish it from "Persian Iraq" . Persian Iraq and Arab Iraq were often referred to as "al-Iraqayn" meaning "the two Iraqs" collectively.[3] Arab Iraq bordered the regions of Persian Iraq, the Levant, Al-Jazira, Kurdistan, and Khuzestan.[4]