Aquilegia atrovinosa is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to Central Asia.
The flowers of this species are a dark purple colour, in diameter, with incurved spurs of around in length. The plant grows to between, occasionally reaching .
Aquilegia atrovinosa is most closely related to the so-called Afghan columbine Aquilegia karelinii, within a larger Central Asian clade also including Aquilegia moorcroftiana, Aquilegia nivalis, Aquilegia pubiflora, Aquilegia fragrans, and Aquilegia lactiflora.
The specific epithet atrovinosa derives from the Latin words atro, meaning "dark", and vinosa, meaning "full of wine", probably referring to the colour of the flowers.
Aquilegia atrovinosa is native to primarily temperate regions of Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and northern Xinjiang. It grows at altitudes of in forests and in montane river valleys.