April Fools' Day Explained

Holiday Name:April Fools' Day
Nickname:April Fool's Day
Date:1 April
Duration:1 day
Frequency:Annual
Scheduling:Same day each year
Observances:Comedy
Type:Cultural, Western
Significance:Practical jokes, pranks

April Fools' Day or All Fools' Day[1] is an annual custom on 1 April consisting of practical jokes and hoaxes. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fools!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbour has been relatively common in the world historically.[2]

Origins

Although many theories have been proposed, the exact origin of April Fools' Day is not exactly known.

A disputed association between 1 April and foolishness is in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (1392).[3] In the "Nun's Priest's Tale", a vain cock Chauntecleer is tricked by a fox on "Since March began thirty days and two,"[4] [5] i.e. 32 days since March began, which is 1 April.[6] However, it is not clear that Chaucer was referencing 1 April since the text of the "Nun's Priest's Tale" also states that the story takes place on the day when the sun is "in the sign of Taurus had y-rune Twenty degrees and one," which would not be 1 April. Modern scholars believe that there is a copying error in the extant manuscripts and that Chaucer actually wrote, "Syn March was gon".[7] If so, the passage would have originally meant 32 days after March, i.e. 2 May.[8]

In 1508, French poet Eloy d'Amerval referred to a poisson d'avril (April fool, literally "April's fish"), possibly the first reference to the celebration in France.[9] Some historians suggest that April Fools' originated because, in the Middle Ages, New Year's Day was celebrated on 25 March in most European towns,[10] with a holiday that in some areas of France, specifically, ended on 1 April,[11] [12] and those who celebrated New Year's Eve on 1 January made fun of those who celebrated on other dates by the invention of April Fools' Day.[13] The use of 1 January as New Year's Day became common in France only in the mid-16th century, and that date was not adopted officially until 1564, by the Edict of Roussillon, as called for during the Council of Trent in 1563.[14] However, there are issues with this theory because there is an unambiguous reference to April Fools' Day in a 1561 poem by Flemish poet Eduard de Dene of a nobleman who sent his servant on foolish errands on 1 April, predating the change. April Fools' Day was also an established tradition in Great Britain before 1 January was established as the start of the calendar year.[15] [16]

In 1686, John Aubrey referred to the celebration as "Fooles holy day", the first British reference. On 1 April 1698, several people were tricked into going to the Tower of London to "see the Lions washed".

Although no biblical scholar or historian is known to have mentioned a relationship, some have expressed the belief that the origins of April Fools' Day may go back to the Genesis flood narrative. In a 1908 edition of the Harper's Weekly, cartoonist Bertha R. McDonald wrote:

Long-standing customs

Source:[17]

Armenia

In Armenian culture, an April Fool prank is revealed by saying Amharic: ապրիլ մեկ! which means 1 April.

Germany

In Germany, an April Fool prank is sometimes later revealed by shouting "April, April!" at the recipient, who becomes the "April fool".

Iran

In Iran, it is called "Dorugh-e Sizdah" (lie of Thirteen) and people and media prank on 13 Farvardin (Sizdah bedar) that is equivalent of 1 April. It is a tradition that takes place 13 days after the Persian new year Nowruz. On this day, people go out and leave their houses and have fun outside mostly in natural parks.Pranks have reportedly been played on this holiday since 536 BC in the Achaemenid Empire.

Ireland

In Ireland, it was traditional to entrust the victim with an "important letter" to be given to a named person. That person would read the letter, then ask the victim to take it to someone else, and so on. The letter when opened contained the words "send the fool further".[18]

Italy, France, Belgium, and French-speaking areas

In Italy, France, Belgium and French-speaking areas of Switzerland and Canada, the 1 April tradition is often known as "April fish" (poisson d'avril in French, aprilvis in Dutch or pesce d'aprile in Italian). Possible pranks include attempting to attach a paper fish to the victim's back without being noticed. This fish feature is prominently present on many late 19th- to early 20th-century French April Fools' Day postcards. Many newspapers also spread a false story on April Fish Day, and a subtle reference to a fish is sometimes given as a clue to the fact that it is an April Fools' prank. Boulangeries, pâtisseries and chocolatiers in France sell chocolate fishes in their shop windows on the day.[19]

Lebanon

In Lebanon, an April Fool prank is revealed by saying Arabic: كذبة أول نيسان (which translates to "First of April Lie") to the recipient.

Nordic countries

Danes, Finns, Icelanders, Norwegians and Swedes celebrate April Fools' Day (aprilsnar in Danish; aprillipäivä in Finnish; aprilsnarr in Norwegian; aprilskämt in Swedish). Most news media outlets will publish exactly one false story on 1 April; for newspapers this will typically be a first-page article but not the top headline.[20]

Poland (Prima aprilis)

In Poland, prima Aprilis ("First April" in Latin) as a day of pranks is a centuries-long tradition. It is a day when many pranks are played: sometimes very sophisticated hoaxes are prepared by people, media (which often cooperate to make the "information" more credible), and even public institutions. Serious activities are usually avoided; every word said on 1 April could be untrue. The conviction for this is so strong that the Polish anti-Turkish alliance with Leopold I, signed on 1 April 1683, was backdated to 31 March.[21] However, for some in Poland prima April ends at noon of 1 April and prima April jokes after that hour are considered inappropriate and not classy.

Spanish-speaking countries

In many Spanish-speaking countries (and the Philippines), "Día de los Santos Inocentes" (Holy Innocents Day) is a festivity that is very similar to April Fools' Day, but is celebrated in late December (27, 28 or 29 depending on the location). Despite this, in Galicia April Fools' Day is also traditional, as accounted by Ramón Otero Pedrayo, as "Día dos enganos", and the tradition is embedded in a traditional saying about this day being the day when donkeys go where they must not go.[22]

Turkey

Turkey also has a custom of April Fools' pranks.[23] April Fools' Day is called "Nisan Balığı" (April Fish) in Turkish. Pranks and jokes are usually verbal and are revealed by shouting "Bir Nisan! / Nisan Bir!" (1 April!).

Ukraine

April Fools' Day is widely celebrated in Odesa and has the special local name Humorina (in Ukrainian Гуморина, Humorina. This holiday arose in 1973.[24] An April Fool prank is revealed by saying "Перше квітня — брехня всесвітня" ("Pershe kvitnya — brekhnya vsesvitnya, translating as "First of April — worldwide lies") to the recipient. The festival includes a large parade in the city centre, free concerts, street fairs and performances. Festival participants dress up in a variety of costumes and walk around the city fooling around and pranking passersby. One of the traditions on April Fools' Day is to dress up the main city monument in funny clothes. Humorina even has its own logo—a cheerful sailor in a lifebelt—whose author was the artist Arkady Tsykun.[25] During the festival, special souvenirs bearing the logo are printed and sold. Since 2010, April Fools' Day celebrations include an International Clown Festival, and both celebrated as one. In 2019, the festival was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Odesa Film Studio and all events were held with an emphasis on cinema.[26]

United Kingdom

In the UK, an April Fool prank is sometimes later revealed by shouting "April fool!" at the recipient, who becomes the "April fool". A study in the 1950s, by folklorists Iona and Peter Opie, found that in the UK, and in countries whose traditions derived from the UK, this continues to be the practice, with the custom ceasing at noon, after which time it is no longer acceptable to play pranks.[27] Thus a person playing a prank after midday is considered the "April fool" themselves.[28]

In Scotland, April Fools' Day was originally called "Huntigowk Day".[29] The name is a corruption of "hunt the gowk", gowk being Scots for a cuckoo or a foolish person; alternative terms in Gaelic would be Là na Gocaireachd, "gowking day", or Là Ruith na Cuthaige, "the day of running the cuckoo". The traditional prank is to ask someone to deliver a sealed message that supposedly requests help of some sort. In fact, the message reads "Dinna laugh, dinna smile. Hunt the gowk another mile." The recipient, upon reading it, will explain they can only help if they first contact another person, and they send the victim to this next person with an identical message, with the same result.

In England a "fool" is known by a few different names around the country, including "noodle", "gob", "gobby", or "noddy".

Pranks

See main article: List of April Fools' Day jokes.

One common prank is to carefully remove the cream from an Oreo and replace it with toothpaste, and there are many similar pranks that replace an object (usually food) with another object that looks like the object but tastes different such as replacing sugar with salt and vanilla frosting with sour cream. As well as people playing pranks on one another on April Fools' Day, elaborate pranks have appeared on radio and television stations, newspapers, and websites, and have been performed by large corporations. In one famous prank in 1957, the BBC broadcast a film in their Panorama current affairs series purporting to show Swiss farmers picking freshly-grown spaghetti, in what they called the Swiss spaghetti harvest. The BBC was soon flooded with requests to purchase a spaghetti plant, forcing them to declare the film a hoax on the news the next day.[30]

With the advent of the Internet and readily available global news services, April Fools' pranks can catch and embarrass a wider audience than ever before.[31]

Comparable prank days

28 December

28 December, the equivalent day in Spain[32] and Hispanic America,[33] [34] is also the Christian day of celebration of the Day of the Holy Innocents. The Christian celebration is a religious holiday in its own right, but the tradition of pranks is not, though the latter is observed yearly. In some regions of Hispanic America after a prank is played, the cry is made, "Inocente palomita que te dejaste engañar" ("You innocent little dove that let yourself be fooled!"; not to be confused with another meaning of palomita, which means "popcorn" in some dialects).[35]

In Argentina, the prankster says, "¡Que la inocencia te valga!" which roughly translates as advice to not be as gullible as the victim of the prank. In Spain, it is common to say just "¡Inocente!" (which in Spanish can mean "innocent" or "gullible").[36]

In Colombia, the term is used as "Pásala por Inocentes", which roughly means: "Let it go; today it's Innocent's Day."[37]

In Belgium, this day is also known as the "Day of the Innocent Children" or "Day of the Stupid Children". It used to be a day where parents, grandparents, and teachers would fool the children in some way. But the celebration of this day has died out in favour of April Fools' Day.[38]

Nevertheless, on the Spanish island of Menorca, Dia d'enganyar ("Fooling day") is celebrated on 1 April because Menorca was a British possession during part of the 18th century. In Brazil, the "Dia da mentira" ("Day of the lie") is also celebrated on 1 April due to the Portuguese influence.

First day of a new month

In many English-speaking countries, mainly Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, it is a custom to say "pinch and a punch for the first of the month" or an alternative, typically by children. The victim might respond with "a flick and a kick for being so quick", and the attacker might reply with "a punch in the eye for being so sly".[39]

Another custom in Britain and North America is to say "rabbit rabbit" upon waking on the first day of a month, for good luck.[40]

Similar events documented by other Wikipedia languages also exist such as Poisson d'avril (France) and in the US the International day of the joke event which is assigned the first Sunday in May.[41]

Reception

The practice of April Fool pranks and hoaxes is controversial.[42] The mixed opinions of critics are epitomized in the reception to the 1957 BBC "spaghetti-tree hoax", in reference to which, newspapers were split over whether it was "a great joke or a terrible hoax on the public".[43]

The positive view is that April Fools' can be good for one's health because it encourages "jokes, hoaxes ... pranks, [and] belly laughs", and brings all the benefits of laughter including stress relief and reducing strain on the heart.[44] There are many "best of" April Fools' Day lists that are compiled in order to showcase the best examples of how the day is celebrated.[45] Various April Fools' campaigns have been praised for their innovation, creativity, writing, and general effort.[46]

The negative view describes April Fools' hoaxes as "creepy and manipulative", "rude" and "a little bit nasty", as well as based on Schadenfreude and deceit. When genuine news or a genuine important order or warning is issued on April Fools' Day, there is risk that it will be misinterpreted as a joke and ignored – for example, when Google, known to play elaborate April Fools' Day hoaxes, announced the launch of Gmail with 1-gigabyte inboxes in 2004, an era when competing webmail services offered 4-megabytes or less, many dismissed it as a joke outright.[47] [48] [49] On the other hand, sometimes stories intended as jokes are taken seriously. Either way, there can be adverse effects, such as confusion,[50] misinformation, waste of resources (especially when the hoax concerns people in danger) and even legal or commercial consequences.[51] [52]

In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, various organizations and people cancelled their April Fools' Day celebrations, or advocated against observing April Fools' Day, as a mark of respect due to the large amount of tragic deaths that COVID-19 had caused up to that point, the wish to provide truthful information to counter the misinformation about the virus, and to pre-empt any attempts to incorporate the virus into any potential pranks.[53] [54] For example, Google decided not to continue "its infamous April Fools’ jokes" tradition for that year.[55] Because the pandemic was still ongoing a year later in 2021, they also decided not to do pranks that year.[56]

In Thailand, the police warned ahead of April Fools' in 2021 that posting or sharing fake news online could lead to maximum of five years imprisonment.[57]

Other examples of genuine news on 1 April mistaken as a hoax include:

In popular culture

Books, films, telemovies and television episodes have used April Fools' Day as their title or inspiration. Examples include Bryce Courtenay's novel April Fool's Day (1993), whose title refers to the day Courtenay's son died. The 1990s sitcom Roseanne featured an episode titled "April Fools' Day". This turned out to be intentionally misleading, as the episode was instead about Tax Day in the United States, occurring on 15 April. The 19th episode of the first season of SpongeBob SquarePants, "Fools In April", also centers around a plot that takes place on April Fools' Day.

Minecraft

Every year on 1 April, video game developer Mojang releases an April Fool's Day snapshot (an altered version of the game) for (a version of Minecraft available on computers). Over the years, several April Fool's Day updates have been released.[67] [68]

See also

References

70. ^ "April Fools Day 2024". The Digital Article. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: April Fools' Day . Britannica . 23 March 2023 . 18 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318190750/https://www.britannica.com/topic/April-Fools-Day . live .
  2. News: McDonald . Bertha R. . 7 March 1908 . The Oldest Custom in the World . 52 . 26 . Harper's Weekly . 2672 . 4 March 2020 . 8 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308073606/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033848113&view=1up&seq=346 . live .
  3. Ashley Ross . 31 March 2016 . No Kidding: We Have No Idea How April Fools' Day Started . . 24 March 2018 . 28 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180328141206/http://time.com/4276140/april-fools-day-history/ . live .
  4. [s:The Canterbury Tales/The Nun's Priest's Tale|The Nun's Priest's Tale]
  5. Book: Chaucer in the Twenty-First Century . The Nun's Priest's Tale . 21 September 2007 . . 20 September 2008 . 12 May 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110512203020/http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/chaucer/translation/ct/21npt.html . dead .
  6. News: April Fool's Day 2021: how Chaucer, calendar confusion and Hilaria led to jokes and fake news . The Telegraph . live . subscription . 24 September 2021 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/01/april-fools-day-2021-pranks-jokes-history-what-facts/ . 11 January 2022.
  7. Book: Travis, Peter W. . Constructions of Time in the Late Middle Ages . 1997 . Northwestern University Press . 0-8101-1541-7 . Poster . Carol . Evanston, IL . 16–17 . Chaucer's Chronographiae, the Confounded Reader, and Fourteenth-Century Measurements of Time . Utz . Richard J. . https://books.google.com/books?id=LaOwCaPBJk8C&pg=PA16 . 21 September 2020 . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230328144303/https://books.google.com/books?id=LaOwCaPBJk8C&pg=PA16 . live .
  8. Web site: Boese . Alex . 2008 . The Origin of April Fool's Day . . 23 March 2015 . 29 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150329043848/http://hoaxes.org/af_database/permalink/origin_of_april_fools_day . live .
  9. Book: [[Eloy d'Amerval]] . De maint homme et de mainte fame, poisson d'Apvril vien tost a moy. . Le Livre de la Deablerie . Librairie Droz . 1991 . 70 . 9782600026727 . 17 November 2016 . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230328144237/https://books.google.com/books?id=53xTGw1T2P8C . live .
  10. Book: Groves, Marsha . Manners and Customs in the Middle Ages . 2005 . 27.
  11. Encyclopedia: April Fools' Day . . 4 April 2013 . 7 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130307032703/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/30821/April-Fools-Day . live .
  12. Book: Santino, Jack . All around the year: holidays and celebrations in American life . . 1972 . 978-0-252-06516-3 . 97.
  13. Web site: Winick . Stephen . 28 March 2016 . April Fools: The Roots of an International Tradition Folklife Today . 12 March 2022 . blogs.loc.gov . 20 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220320145049/https://blogs.loc.gov/folklife/2016/03/april-fools/ . live .
  14. Web site: 30 March 2017 . April Fools' Day . History.com . 2 April 2021 . 2 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210402004319/https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/april-fools-day . live .
  15. News: Sarah . Kaplan . 31 March 2016 . A brief, totally sincere history of April Fools' Day . en-US . Washington Post . 2 April 2022 . 0190-8286 . 29 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221229222549/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/31/a-brief-totally-sincere-history-of-april-fools-day/ . live .
  16. Web site: The Origin of April Fool's Day . 12 March 2022 . Museum of Hoaxes . en . 4 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220404072247/http://hoaxes.org/af_database/permalink/origin_of_april_fools_day . live.
  17. Web site: 29 March 2018 . For Your Pranking Inspiration: April Fools' Day Traditions From 9 Countries . 27 January 2024 . AFAR Media . en.
  18. Web site: Haggerty . Bridget . April Fool's Day . 3 April 2014 . Irish Culture and Customs . 4 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140404135340/http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ACalend/AprilFools.html . live .
  19. Web site: April 1st and Chocolate Fish in France ~ no joke!. Sands. Patricia. 31 March 2017. 1 April 2023.
  20. News: Bora . Kukil . 12 March 2012 . April Fool's Day: 8 Interesting Things And Hoaxes You Didn't Know . International Business Times . 27 May 2013 . 1 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220401021750/https://www.ibtimes.com/april-fools-day-8-interesting-things-hoaxes-you-didnt-know-432502 . live .
  21. Web site: 3 April 2012 . Origin of April Fools' Day . 27 May 2013 . The Express Tribune . 3 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203101328/http://tribune.com.pk/story/359171/origin-of-april-fools-day/ . live .
  22. Web site: 1 April 2021 . O 1 de abril... os burros van onde non teñen que ir! . 1 April 2023 . www.nosdiario.gal . gl .
  23. Web site: 1 April 2022 . 1 Nisan şakaları 2022! . 2 April 2022 . www.haberturk.com . tr . 2 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220402084044/https://www.haberturk.com/1-nisan-sakalari-2022-en-guzel-ilginc-ve-komik-1-nisan-sakalari-ile-guldurun-eglendirin-3394631 . live .
  24. Web site: Sinelnikova . Alexandra . 1 April 2019 . Humorina time . Odessitclub . 24 December 2019 . 24 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204145/https://www.odessitclub.org/index.php/novosti-i-publikatsii/2700-yumorina . live.
  25. Web site: 2019 . Humorina festival in Odessa . 24 December 2019 . 24 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204134/https://leodessa.com/april-fools-day/ . live .
  26. Web site: 1 April 2019 . Одеса святкувала Гуморину: великий фоторепортаж . Odesa celebrates Humorine. Picture story . dead . 24 December 2019 . uk . 24 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204134/https://www.omr.gov.ua/ru/news/215189/ .
  27. Book: Great Britain: Home Office . Life in the United Kingdom: a guide for new residents . 2017 . Stationery Office . 9780113413409 . 2014 . en.
  28. News: Archie Bland . 1 April 2009 . The Big Question: How did the April Fool's Day tradition begin, and what are the best tricks? . . 4 April 2013 . 19 October 2017 . https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171019231417/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-how-did-the-april-fools-day-tradition-begin-and-what-are-the-best-tricks-1658944.html . live .
  29. Book: Opie, Iona & Peter . The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren . . 1960 . 0-940322-69-2 . 245–46.
  30. Web site: Swiss Spaghetti Harvest . 1 November 2013 . 3 November 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131103195818/http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_swiss_spaghetti_harvest/ . live .
  31. News: Moran . Rob . 4 April 2014 . NPR's Brilliant April Fools' Day Prank Was Sadly Lost On Much Of The Internet . 6 April 2014 . 6 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140406025100/http://junkee.com/nprs-brilliant-april-fools-day-prank-was-sadly-lost-on-much-of-the-internet/32077 . live .
  32. Today is Spanish April Fools' – Dia de los Santos Inocentes!. Euroweeklynews. 28 December 2023 . 30 December 2023.
  33. Bogotá Christmas: Key holiday dates. The Bogota Post . 6 December 2016 . 30 December 2023.
  34. Today is "Día de los Inocentes" in Mexico! Watch out for pranks. The Yucatan Times. 28 December 2023 . 30 December 2023.
  35. News: Día de los Inocentes: ¡Inocente palomita, no te dejes engañar! Lo que tienes que saber sobre esta tradición. Informador. 30 December 2023.
  36. Web site: 1 April 2003 . Avui és el Dia d'Enganyar a Menorca . Today is Fooling Day on Minorca . 4 April 2013 . . ca . 2 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130502035023/http://www.vilaweb.cat/noticia/670807/20030401/noticia.html . live .
  37. Día de los Inocentes: en qué consiste la tragedia santa y por qué se celebra cada 28 de diciembre. Infobae. 28 December 2023 . 30 December 2023.
  38. Today is the "Day of the Innocent Children", but what exactly is being celebrated on that day?. Ground. 30 December 2023.
  39. Web site: pinch and a punch for the first of the month - Wiktionary . 11 May 2020 . en.wiktionary.org . 23 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201223151200/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pinch_and_a_punch_for_the_first_of_the_month . live .
  40. Web site: Willingham . AJ . July 2019 . Rabbit rabbit! Why people say this good-luck phrase at the beginning of the month . 23 March 2021 . CNN . 9 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201009213821/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/01/us/rabbit-rabbit-first-day-of-the-month-good-luck-trnd/index.html . live .
  41. News: BBC News: International joke day . BBC Newsround . July 2020 . 1 May 2022 . 1 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220501065330/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/53241083 . live .
  42. Web site: Doll . Jen . 1 April 2013 . Is April Fools' Day the Worst Holiday? – Yahoo News . 1 April 2014 . Yahoo! News . 7 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102625/http://news.yahoo.com/april-fools-day-worst-holiday-175852795.html . live .
  43. News: Is this the best April Fool's ever? . BBC News . 1 April 2014 . 1 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140401070100/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26723188 . live .
  44. Web site: 1 April 2013 . Why April Fools' Day is Good For Your Health – Health News and Views . 1 April 2014 . News.Health.com . 4 April 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130404100533/http://news.health.com/2013/04/01/why-april-fools-day-is-good-for-your-health/ . dead .
  45. Web site: April Fools: the best online pranks | SBS News . 1 April 2014 . Sbs.com.au . 1 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140401154234/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/04/01/april-fools-best-online-pranks . live .
  46. Web site: 1 April 2019 . April Fool's Day: A Global Practice . 8 April 2019 . aljazirahnews . en-US . 22 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191222144250/https://aljazirahnews.com/april-fools-day-a-global-practice/ . live .
  47. Harry McCracken . 1 April 2013 . Google's Greatest April Fools' Hoax Ever (Hint: It Wasn't a Hoax) . dead . . https://web.archive.org/web/20130401200742/http://techland.time.com/2013/04/01/google-april-fools/ . 1 April 2013 . 1 August 2014.
  48. News: Lisa Baertlein . 1 April 2004 . Google: 'Gmail' no joke, but lunar jobs are . Reuters . 1 August 2014 . 14 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141014174358/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-04-01-gmail-no-joke_x.htm . live .
  49. Web site: Horton . Alex . When Gmail Was First Announced, People Thought It Was an April Fools' Joke . 8 November 2020 . . April 2019 . en-gb . 7 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235143/https://www.sciencealert.com/when-gmail-was-first-announced-people-thought-it-was-an-april-fools-joke . live .
  50. Web site: Woods . Michael . 2 April 2013 . Brazeau tweets his resignation on April Fool's Day, causing confusion – National . 1 April 2014 . Globalnews.ca . 7 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063951/http://globalnews.ca/news/445856/brazeau-tweets-his-resignation-on-april-fools-day-causing-confusion/ . live .
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  52. News: 3 April 2014 . Justin Bieber's Believe album hijacked by DJ Paz . The Sydney Morning Herald . 3 April 2014 . 3 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140403051945/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/justin-biebers-believe-album-hijacked-by-dj-paz-20140403-35zy2.html . live .
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