April 23 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 215 BC  - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
• 599  - Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city.
• 711  - Dagobert III succeeds his father King Childebert III as King of the Franks.
• 1014  - Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.
• 1016  - Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as King of England.^[1]
• 1343  - St. George's Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia.
• 1348  - The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George's Day.
• 1500  - Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvarez Cabral reaches new coastline (Brazil).^[2]
• 1516  - The Munich Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) takes effect in all of Bavaria.
• 1521  - Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.

1601–1900

• 1635  - The first public school in the United States, the Boston Latin School, is founded.
• 1655  - The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later.
• 1660  - Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.
• 1661  - King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.^[3]
• 1724  - Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of his cantata Du Hirte Israel, höre, BWV 104, illustrating the topic of the Good Shepherd in pastoral music.^[4]
• 1815  - The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.
• 1879  - Fire burns down the second main building and dome of the University of Notre Dame, which prompts the construction of the third, and current, Main Building with its golden dome.
• 1891  - Chilean Civil War: The ironclad Blanco Encalada is sunk at Caldera Bay by torpedo boats.^{[5] [6]}

1901–present

• 1918  - World War I: The British Royal Navy makes a raid in an attempt to neutralise the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.
• 1919  - The Estonian Constituent Assembly is held in Estonia, which marks the birth of the Estonian Parliament, the Riigikogu.^[7]
• 1920  - The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) is founded in Ankara. The assembly denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces the preparation of a temporary constitution.
• 1927  - Cardiff City defeat Arsenal in the FA Cup Final, the only time it has been won by a team not based in England.
• 1935  - The Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.
• 1940  - The Rhythm Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.
• 1941  - World War II: The Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the invading Wehrmacht.
• 1942  - World War II: Baedeker Blitz: German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lübeck.
• 1945  - World War II: Adolf Hitler's designated successor, Hermann Göring, sends him a telegram asking permission to take leadership of Nazi Germany. Martin Bormann and Joseph Goebbels advise Göring that the telegram is treasonous.
• 1946  - Manuel Roxas is elected the last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
• 1949  - Chinese Civil War: Establishment of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
• 1951  - Cold War: American journalist William N. Oatis is arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia.
• 1961  - Algiers putsch by French generals.
• 1966  - Aeroflot Flight 2723 crashes into the Caspian Sea off the Absheron Peninsula, killing 33 people.^[8]
• 1967  - Soviet space program: Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1) a crewed spaceflight carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov is launched into orbit.
• 1968  - Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.
• 1971  - Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army and Razakars massacre approximately 3,000 Hindu emigrants in the Jathibhanga area of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
• 1979  - SAETA Flight 011 crashes in Pastaza Province, Ecuador, killing all 57 people on board. The wreckage was not discovered until 1984.^[9]
• 1979 – Blair Peach, a British activist, was fatally injured after being knocked unconscious during an Anti-Nazi League demonstration against a National Front election meeting in Southall, London.^[10]
• 1985  - Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.
• 1990  - Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1993  - Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.
• 1993  - Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately four weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.
• 1999  - NATO bombs the headquarters of Radio Television of Serbia, as part of their aerial campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
• 2005  - The first YouTube video, titled "Me at the zoo", was published by co-founder Jawed Karim.^[11]
• 2013  - At least 111 people are killed and 233 injured as violence breaks out in Hawija, Iraq.^[12]
• 2018  - A vehicle-ramming attack kills 11 people and injures 15 in Toronto. A 25-year-old suspect, Alek Minassian, is arrested.^[13]
• 2019  - The April 2019 Hpakant jade mine collapse in Myanmar kills four miners and two rescuers, with at least 50 others missing and presumed dead.^[14]
• 2024  - The 2024 Lumut mid-air collision in Malaysia kills 10 people while rehearsing for the 90th anniversary of the Royal Malaysian Navy.^{[15] [16]}

Births

Pre-1600

• 1141 (probable)^[17]  - Malcolm IV of Scotland (d. 1165)
• 1185  - Afonso II of Portugal (d. 1223)^[18]
• 1408  - John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (d. 1462)^[19]
• 1420  - George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia (d. 1471)
• 1464  - Joan of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1505)
• 1464  - Robert Fayrfax, English Renaissance composer (d. 1521)
• 1484  - Julius Caesar Scaliger, Italian physician and scholar (d. 1558)
• 1500  - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian and academic (d. 1565)
• 1500  - Johann Stumpf, Swiss writer (d. 1576)
• 1512  - Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel, Chancellor of the University of Oxford (d. 1580)
• 1516  - Georg Fabricius, German poet, historian, and archaeologist (d. 1571)
• 1564  - William Shakespeare, English playwright and poet (d. 1616)^[20]
• 1598  - Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (d. 1653)

1601–1900

• 1621  - William Penn, English admiral and politician (d. 1670)
• 1628  - Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician and politician (d. 1704)
• 1661  - Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, merchant and diplomat (d. 1730)
• 1715  - Johann Friedrich Doles, German composer and conductor (d. 1797)
• 1720  - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi and author (d. 1797)
• 1744  - Princess Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (d. 1770)
• 1748  - Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, French physician and anatomist (d. 1794)
• 1791  - James Buchanan, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 15th President of the United States (d. 1868)
• 1792  - Thomas Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist (d. 1882)
• 1794  - Wei Yuan, Chinese scholar and author (d. 1856)
• 1805  - Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, German philosopher and academic (d. 1879)
• 1812  - Frederick Whitaker, English-New Zealand lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)
• 1813  - Stephen A. Douglas, American educator and politician, 7th Illinois Secretary of State (d. 1861)
• 1813  - Frédéric Ozanam, Italian-French historian and scholar (d. 1853)
• 1818  - James Anthony Froude, English historian, novelist, biographer and editor (d. 1894)
• 1819  - Edward Stafford, Scottish-New Zealand educator and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1901)
• 1853  - Winthrop M. Crane, American businessman and politician, 40th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1920)
• 1856  - Granville Woods, American inventor and engineer (d. 1910)
• 1857  - Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d. 1919)
• 1858  - Max Planck, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
• 1860  - Justinian Oxenham, Australian public servant (d. 1932)
• 1861  - Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, English field marshal and diplomat, British High Commissioner in Egypt (d. 1936)
• 1861  - John Peltz, American baseball player and manager (d. 1906)
• 1865  - Ali-Agha Shikhlinski, Russian-Azerbaijani general (d. 1943)
• 1867  - Johannes Fibiger, Danish physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
• 1876  - Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian and author (d. 1925)
• 1880  - Michel Fokine, Russian dancer and choreographer (d. 1942)
• 1882  - Albert Coates, English composer and conductor (d. 1953)
• 1888  - Georges Vanier, Canadian general and politician, 19th Governor General of Canada (d. 1967)
• 1889  - Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (d. 1942)
• 1893  - Frank Borzage, American actor and director (d. 1952)
• 1895  - Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand author and director (d. 1982)^[21]
• 1897  - Folke Jansson, Swedish athlete (d. 1965)
• 1897  - Lester B. Pearson, Canadian historian and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Canada, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
• 1898  - Lucius D. Clay, American general (d. 1978)
• 1899  - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• 1899  - Minoru Shirota, Japanese physician and microbiologist, invented Yakult (d. 1982)
• 1900  - Jim Bottomley, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1959)^[22]
• 1900  - Joseph Green, Polish-American actor and director (d. 1996)

1901–present

• 1901  - E. B. Ford, English biologist and geneticist (d. 1988)
• 1902  - Halldór Laxness, Icelandic author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• 1903  - Guy Simonds, English-Canadian general (d. 1974)
• 1904  - Clifford Bricker, Canadian long-distance runner (d. 1980)
• 1904  - Louis Muhlstock, Polish-Canadian painter (d. 2001)
• 1904  - Duncan Renaldo, American actor (d. 1985)
• 1907  - Lee Miller, American model and photographer (d. 1977)
• 1907  - Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor, designed the Wotruba Church (d. 1975)
• 1908  - Myron Waldman, American animator and director (d. 2006)
• 1910  - Sheila Scott Macintyre, Scottish mathematician (d. 1960)^[23]
• 1910  - Simone Simon, French actress (d. 2005)^[24]
• 1911  - Ronald Neame, English-American director, cinematographer, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• 1913  - Diosa Costello, Puerto Rican-American entertainer, producer, and club owner (d. 2013)
• 1915  - Arnold Alexander Hall, English engineer, academic, and businessman (d. 2000)
• 1916  - Ivo Lola Ribar, Yugoslav communist politician, military leader, and People's Hero of Yugoslavia (d. 1943)^[25]
• 1916  - Yiannis Moralis, Greek painter and educator (d. 2009)
• 1916  - Sinah Estelle Kelley, American chemist (d. 1982)
• 1917  - Dorian Leigh, American model (d. 2008)
• 1917  - Tony Lupien, American baseball player and coach (d. 2004)
• 1918  - Maurice Druon, French author and screenwriter (d. 2009)^[26]
• 1919  - Oleg Penkovsky, Russian colonel (d. 1963)
• 1920  - Eric Grant Yarrow, 3rd Baronet, English businessman (d. 2018)
• 1921  - Judy Agnew, Second Lady of the United States (d. 2012)^[27]
• 1921  - Cleto Bellucci, Italian archbishop (d. 2013)
• 1921  - Janet Blair, American actress and singer (d. 2007)
• 1921  - Warren Spahn, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
• 1923  - Dolph Briscoe, American lieutenant and politician, 41st Governor of Texas (d. 2010)
• 1923  - Avram Davidson, American soldier and author (d. 1993)
• 1924  - Chuck Harmon, American baseball player and scout (d. 2019)
• 1924  - Bobby Rosengarden, American drummer and bandleader (d. 2007)
• 1926  - J.P. Donleavy, American-Irish novelist and playwright (d. 2017)
• 1926  - Rifaat el-Mahgoub, Egyptian politician (d. 1990)
• 1928  - Shirley Temple, American actress, singer, dancer, and diplomat (d. 2014)^[28]
• 1929  - George Steiner, French-American philosopher, author, and critic (d. 2020)^[29]
• 1932  - Halston, American fashion designer (d. 1990)
• 1932  - Jim Fixx, American runner and author (d. 1984)
• 1933  - Annie Easley, American computer scientist, mathematician, and engineer (d. 2011)
• 1934  - George Canseco, Filipino composer and producer (d. 2004)
• 1936  - Roy Orbison, American singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
• 1937  - Victoria Glendinning, English author and critic
• 1937  - David Mills, English cricketer (d. 2013)
• 1937  - Barry Shepherd, Australian cricketer (d. 2001)
• 1939  - Jorge Fons, Mexican director and screenwriter (d. 2022)
• 1939  - Bill Hagerty, English journalist
• 1939  - Lee Majors, American actor
• 1939  - Ray Peterson, American pop singer (d. 2005)
• 1940  - Michael Copps, American academic and politician
• 1940  - Dale Houston, American singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
• 1940  - Michael Kadosh, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014)
• 1941  - Jacqueline Boyer, French singer and actress
• 1941  - Arie den Hartog, Dutch road bicycle racer (d. 2018)
• 1941  - Paavo Lipponen, Finnish journalist and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Finland
• 1941  - Michael Lynne, American film producer, co-founded New Line Cinema (d. 2019)
• 1941  - Ed Stewart, English radio and television host (d. 2016)
• 1941  - Ray Tomlinson, American computer programmer and engineer (d. 2016)
• 1942  - Sandra Dee, American model and actress (d. 2005)
• 1943  - Gail Goodrich, American basketball player and coach
• 1943  - Tony Esposito, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2021)
• 1943  - Frans Koppelaar, Dutch painter
• 1943  - Hervé Villechaize, French actor (d. 1993)
• 1944  - Jean-François Stévenin, French actor and director (d. 2021)
• 1946  - Blair Brown, American actress
• 1946  - Carlton Sherwood, American soldier and journalist (d. 2014)
• 1947  - Robert Burgess, English sociologist and academic (d. 2022)
• 1947  - Glenn Cornick, English bass player (d. 2014)
• 1947  - Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, Irish civil rights leader and politician
• 1948  - Pascal Quignard, French author and screenwriter
• 1948  - Serge Thériault, Canadian actor
• 1949  - Paul Collier, English economist and academic
• 1949  - David Cross, English violinist
• 1949  - John Miles, British rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist (d. 2021)
• 1950  - Rowley Leigh, English chef and journalist
• 1950  - Barbara McIlvaine Smith, Sac and Fox Nation Native American politician
• 1951  - Martin Bayerle, American treasure hunter
• 1952  - Narada Michael Walden, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
• 1953  - James Russo, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1954  - Stephen Dalton, English air marshal
• 1954  - Michael Moore, American director, producer, and activist
• 1955  - Judy Davis, Australian actress
• 1955  - Tony Miles, English chess player (d. 2001)
• 1955  - Urmas Ott, Estonian journalist and author (d. 2008)
• 1957  - Neville Brody, English graphic designer, typographer, and art director
• 1957  - Jan Hooks, American actress and comedian (d. 2014)
• 1958  - Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson, Icelandic composer and producer
• 1958  - Ryan Walter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1959  - Unity Dow, Botswanan judge, author, and rights activist^[30]
• 1960  - Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
• 1960  - Steve Clark, English guitarist and songwriter (d. 1991)
• 1960  - Barry Douglas, Irish pianist and conductor
• 1960  - Léo Jaime, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1960  - Claude Julien, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1961  - George Lopez, American comedian, actor, and talk show host
• 1961  - Pierluigi Martini, Italian race car driver
• 1962  - John Hannah, Scottish actor and producer
• 1962  - Shaun Spiers, English businessman and politician
• 1963  - Paul Belmondo, French race car driver
• 1963  - Robby Naish, American windsurfer
• 1964  - Gianandrea Noseda, Italian pianist and conductor
• 1965  - Leni Robredo, Filipina human rights lawyer, 14th Vice President of the Philippines
• 1966  - Jörg Deisinger, German bass player
• 1966  - Matt Freeman, American bass player
• 1966  - Lembit Oll, Estonian chess Grandmaster (d. 1999)
• 1967  - Rhéal Cormier, Canadian baseball player (d. 2021)
• 1967  - Melina Kanakaredes, American actress
• 1968  - Bas Haring, Dutch philosopher, writer, television presenter and professor.
• 1968  - Ken McRae, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1968  - Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist, Oklahoma City bombing co-perpetrator (d. 2001)
• 1969  - Martín López-Zubero, American-Spanish swimmer and coach
• 1969  - Yelena Shushunova, Russian gymnast (d. 2018)
• 1970  - Egemen Bağış, Turkish politician, 1st Minister of European Union Affairs
• 1970  - Dennis Culp, American singer-songwriter and trombonist
• 1970  - Andrew Gee, Australian rugby league player and manager
• 1970  - Hans Välimäki, Finnish chef and author
• 1970  - Tayfur Havutçu, Turkish international footballer and manager
• 1971  - Uli Herzner, German-American fashion designer
• 1972  - Pierre Labrie, Canadian poet and playwright
• 1972  - Peter Dench, English photographer and journalist
• 1972  - Amira Medunjanin, Bosnian singer
• 1973  - Patrick Poulin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974  - Carlos Dengler, American bass player
• 1974  - Michael Kerr, New Zealand-German rugby player
• 1975  - Bobby Shaw, American football player
• 1976  - Gabriel Damon, American actor^[31]
• 1976  - Aaron Dessner, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1977  - John Cena, American professional wrestler and actor
• 1977  - Andruw Jones, Curaçaoan baseball player^[32]
• 1977  - David Kidwell, New Zealand rugby league player and coach
• 1977  - Willie Mitchell, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977  - John Oliver, English comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1977  - Kal Penn, Indian-American actor
• 1977  - Bram Schmitz, Dutch cyclist
• 1977  - Lee Young-pyo, South Korean international footballer^[33]
• 1978  - Gezahegne Abera, Ethiopian runner
• 1979  - Barry Hawkins, English snooker player
• 1979  - Jaime King, American actress and model
• 1979  - Joanna Krupa, Polish-American model and television personality
• 1979  - Samppa Lajunen, Finnish skier
• 1980  - Nicole den Dulk, Dutch Paralympic equestrian^[34]
• 1982  - Kyle Beckerman, American footballer^[35]
• 1982  - Tony Sunshine, American singer-songwriter
• 1983  - Leon Andreasen, Danish international footballer^[36]
• 1983  - Daniela Hantuchová, Slovak tennis player
• 1983  - Ian Henderson, English rugby league player
• 1984  - Alexandra Kosteniuk, Russian chess player
• 1984  - Moose, American professional wrestler and football player^[37]
• 1984  - Jesse Lee Soffer, American actor
• 1985  - Angel Locsin, Filipino actress, producer, and fashion designer
• 1986  - Sven Kramer, Dutch speed skater
• 1986  - Alysia Montaño, American runner
• 1986  - Rafael Fernandes, Brazilian baseball player
• 1987  - Michael Arroyo, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1987  - John Boye, Ghanaian footballer
• 1987  - Emily Fox, American basketball player
• 1988  - Victor Anichebe, Nigerian footballer
• 1988  - Sandra Borch, Norwegian politician^[38]
• 1988  - Alistair Brownlee, English triathlete
• 1988  - Signe Ronka, Canadian figure skater
• 1988  - Lenka Wienerová, Slovak tennis player
• 1989  - Nicole Vaidišová, Czech tennis player
• 1990  - Rui Fonte, Portuguese footballer^[39]
• 1990  - Dev Patel, English actor
• 1991  - Britt Baker, American professional wrestler^[40]
• 1991  - Nathan Baker, English footballer
• 1991  - Caleb Johnson, American singer-songwriter
• 1991  - Paul Vaughan, Australian-Italian rugby league player
• 1994  - Patrick Olsen, Danish footballer
• 1994  - Song Kang, South Korean actor
• 1995  - Gigi Hadid, American fashion model and television personality
• 1995  - Jamie Hayter, English professional wrestler^[41]
• 1996  - Carolina Alves, Brazilian tennis player^[42]
• 1997  - Zach Apple, American swimmer^[43]
• 1999  - Son Chaeyoung, South Korean rapper and singer-songwriter^[44]
• 2000  - Chloe Kim, American snowboarder^[45]
• 2000  - Lee Jeno, South Korean rapper, vocalist and dancer^[46]
• 2018  - Prince Louis of Wales

Deaths

Pre-1600

• AD 303  - Saint George, Roman soldier and martyr^[47]
• 711  - Childebert III, Frankish king (b. 670)
• 725  - Wihtred of Kent^[48]
• 871  - Æthelred of Wessex (b. 837)
• 915  - Yang Shihou, Chinese general
• 944  - Wichmann the Elder, Saxon nobleman
• 990  - Ekkehard II, Swiss monk and abbot^[49]
• 997  - Adalbert of Prague, Czech bishop, missionary, and saint (b. 956)
• 1014  - Brian Boru, Irish king (b. 941)
• 1014  - Domnall mac Eimín, Mormaer of Mar
• 1016  - Æthelred the Unready, English son of Edgar the Peaceful (b. 968)
• 1124  - Alexander I of Scotland (b. 1078)
• 1151  - Adeliza of Louvain (b. 1103)
• 1170  - Minamoto no Tametomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1139)
• 1196  - Béla III of Hungary (b.)
• 1200  - Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher (b. 1130)
• 1217  - Inge II of Norway (b. 1185)
• 1262  - Aegidius of Assisi, companion of Saint Francis of Assisi
• 1307  - Joan of Acre (b. 1272)
• 1400  - Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford, English politician and nobleman (b. c. 1338)
• 1407  - Olivier de Clisson, French soldier (b. 1326)
• 1501  - Domenico della Rovere, Catholic cardinal (b. 1442)
• 1554  - Gaspara Stampa, Italian poet (b. 1523)

1601–1900

• 1605  - Boris Godunov, Russian ruler (b. 1551)
• 1616  - William Shakespeare, English playwright and poet (b. 1564)^[50]
• 1616  - Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish writer and historian (b. 1539)^[51]

• 1625  - Maurice, Prince of Orange (b. 1567)
• 1695  - Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet and author (b. 1621)
• 1702  - Margaret Fell, English religious leader, founded the Religious Society of Friends (b. 1614)
• 1781  - James Abercrombie, Scottish general and politician (b. 1706)
• 1784  - Solomon I of Imereti (b. 1735)
• 1792  - Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian and author (b. 1741)
• 1794  - Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, French lawyer and politician (b. 1721)
• 1827  - Georgios Karaiskakis, Greek general (b. 1780)
• 1839  - Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French admiral and explorer (b. 1768)
• 1850  - William Wordsworth, English poet and author (b. 1770)
• 1865  - Silas Soule, American soldier and whistleblower of the Sand Creek Massacre (b. 1838)^[52]
• 1889  - Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, French author and critic (b. 1808)
• 1895  - Carl Ludwig, German physician and physiologist (b. 1815)

1901–present

• 1905  - Gédéon Ouimet, Canadian politician, 2nd Premier of Quebec (b. 1823)
• 1907  - Alferd Packer, American prospector (b. 1842)
• 1915  - Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887)
• 1936  - Teresa de la Parra, French-Venezuelan author (b. 1889)
• 1951  - Jules Berry, French actor and director (b. 1883)
• 1951  - Charles G. Dawes, American banker and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1865)
• 1959  - Bak Jungyang, Korean politician (b. 1872)
• 1965  - George Adamski, Polish-American ufologist and author (b. 1891)
• 1966  - George Ohsawa, Japanese founder of the Macrobiotic diet (b. 1893)
• 1981  - Josep Pla, Catalan journalist and author (b. 1897)
• 1983  - Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (b. 1908)
• 1984  - Red Garland, American pianist (b. 1923)
• 1985  - Sam Ervin, American lawyer and politician (b. 1896)
• 1985  - Frank Farrell, Australian rugby league player and policeman (b. 1916)
• 1986  - Harold Arlen, American composer (b. 1905)
• 1986  - Jim Laker, English international cricketer and sportscaster; holder of world record for most wickets taken in a match (b. 1922)
• 1986  - Otto Preminger, Ukrainian-American actor, director, and producer (b. 1906)
• 1990  - Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1910)
• 1991  - Johnny Thunders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952)
• 1992  - Satyajit Ray, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 1992  - Tanka Prasad Acharya, Nepalese politician, 27th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1912)
• 1993  - Cesar Chavez, American activist, co-founded the United Farm Workers (b. 1927)
• 1995  - Douglas Lloyd Campbell, Canadian farmer and politician, 13th Premier of Manitoba (b. 1895)
• 1995  - Howard Cosell, American lawyer and journalist (b. 1918)
• 1995  - Riho Lahi, Estonian journalist (b. 1904)
• 1995  - John C. Stennis, American lawyer and politician (b. 1904)
• 1996  - Jean Victor Allard, Canadian general (b. 1913)
• 1996  - P. L. Travers, Australian-English author and actress (b. 1899)
• 1997  - Denis Compton, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1918)
• 1998  - Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek lawyer and politician, 172nd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
• 1998  - James Earl Ray, American assassin of Martin Luther King Jr. (b. 1928)
• 1998  - Thanassis Skordalos, Greek singer-songwriter and lyra player (b. 1920)
• 2003  - Fernand Fonssagrives, French-American photographer (b. 1910)
• 2004  - Herman Veenstra, Dutch water polo player (b. 1911)
• 2005  - Joh Bjelke-Petersen, New Zealand-Australian politician, 31st Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
• 2005  - Robert Farnon, Canadian-English trumpet player, composer and conductor (b. 1917)
• 2005  - Al Grassby, Australian journalist and politician (b. 1928)
• 2005  - John Mills, English actor (b. 1908)^[53]
• 2005  - Romano Scarpa, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1927)
• 2005  - Earl Wilson, American baseball player, coach and educator (b. 1934)
• 2006  - Phil Walden, American record producer and manager, co-founder of Capricorn Records (b. 1940)
• 2007  - Paul Erdman, Canadian-American economist and author (b. 1932)
• 2007  - David Halberstam, American journalist, historian and author (b. 1934)
• 2007  - Peter Randall, English sergeant (b. 1930)
• 2007  - Boris Yeltsin, Russian politician, 1st President of Russia (b. 1931)
• 2010  - Peter Porter, Australian-born British poet (b. 1929)
• 2011  - James Casey, English comedian, radio scriptwriter and producer (b. 1922)
• 2011  - Tom King, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1943)
• 2011  - Geoffrey Russell, 4th Baron Ampthill, English businessman and politician (b. 1921)
• 2011  - Max van der Stoel, Dutch politician and Minister of State (b. 1924)
• 2011  - John Sullivan, English screenwriter and producer (b. 1946)
• 2012  - Lillemor Arvidsson, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 34th Governor of Gotland (b. 1943)
• 2012  - Billy Bryans, Canadian drummer, songwriter and producer (b. 1947)
• 2012  - Chris Ethridge, American bass player and songwriter (b. 1947)
• 2012  - Raymond Thorsteinsson, Canadian geologist and paleontologist (b. 1921)
• 2012  - LeRoy T. Walker, American football player and coach (b. 1918)
• 2013  - Bob Brozman, American guitarist (b. 1954)
• 2013  - Robert W. Edgar, American educator and politician (b. 1943)
• 2013  - Tony Grealish, English footballer (b. 1956)
• 2013  - Antonio Maccanico, Italian banker and politician (b. 1924)
• 2013  - Frank W. J. Olver, English-American mathematician and academic (b. 1924)
• 2013  - Kathryn Wasserman Davis, American philanthropist and scholar (b. 1907)
• 2014  - Benjamín Brea, Spanish-Venezuelan saxophonist, clarinet player, and conductor (b. 1946)
• 2014  - Michael Glawogger, Austrian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer (b. 1959)
• 2014  - Jaap Havekotte, Dutch speed skater and producer of ice skates (b. 1912)
• 2014  - Connie Marrero, Cuban baseball player and coach (b. 1911)
• 2014  - F. Michael Rogers, American general (b. 1921)
• 2014  - Mark Shand, English conservationist and author (b. 1951)
• 2014  - Patric Standford, English composer and educator (b. 1939)
• 2015  - Richard Corliss, American journalist and critic (b. 1944)
• 2015  - Ray Jackson, Australian activist (b. 1941)
• 2015  - Pierre Claude Nolin, Canadian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Canadian Senate (b. 1950)
• 2015  - Jim Steffen, American football player (b. 1936)
• 2015  - Francis Tsai, American author and illustrator (b. 1967)
• 2016  - Inge King, German-born Australian sculptor (b. 1915)
• 2016  - Banharn Silpa-archa, Thai politician, Prime Minister from 1995 to 1996 (b. 1932)
• 2019  - Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick, American soprano singer and presenter (b. 1983)^[54]
• 2019  - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1921)^[55]
• 2021  - Dan Kaminsky, American internet security researcher (b. 1979)^[56]
• 2022  - Orrin Hatch, American politician, President pro tempore of the United States Senate (b. 1934)^[57]
• 2024  - Frank Field, British politician (b. 1942)^[58]
• 2024  - Helen Vendler, American Literary Critic (b. 1933)^[59]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Adalbert of Prague^[60]
  • Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus
  • Saint George
  • Blessed Giles of Assisi
  • Gerard of Toul
  • Ibar of Beggerin (Meath)
  • Toyohiko Kagawa (Episcopal and Lutheran Church)
  • St George's Day (England) and its related observances:
    • La Diada de Sant Jordi (Catalonia, Spain)
  • April 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Canada Book Day (Canada)
• Castile and León Day (Castile and León)
• International Pixel-Stained Technopeasant Day
• Khongjom Day (Manipur)
• National Sovereignty and Children's Day (Turkey and Northern Cyprus)
• Navy Day (China)
• World Book Day^[61]
• UN English Language Day (United Nations)^[62]
• UN Spanish Language Day (United Nations)^[63]

Bibliography

• Book: Hill, Alan . Alan Hill (author) . Jim Laker: A Biography . Andre Deutsch Ltd . London . 1998 . 978-02-33050-43-0.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on April 23

Notes and References

1. Web site: Edmund II king of England . Encyclopedia Britannica . 23 April 2021 . en.
2. Book: Daniel, Clifton. Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. 1989. 20. 0-13-133745-9.
3. Web site: Pepys . Samuel . Samuel Pepys . Pepys Diary 1661 Charles II Coronation . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727154448/http://www.pepys.info/coronation.html . July 27, 2020 . Samuel Pepys.
4. Book: Dürr . Alfred . Alfred Dürr . Jones . Richard D. P. . Richard D. P. Jones . https://books.google.com/books?id=m9JuwslMcq4C&pg=PA298 . 1.25 Second Sunday after Easter (Misericordias Domini) . The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text . Oxford . . 2006 . 298–299 . 978-0-19-969628-4 .
5. Web site: Blanco Encalada, fragata blindada (1º). . Armada de Chile . 2009-10-27 . es . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091203093344/http://www.armada.cl/prontus_armada/site/artic/20090716/pags/20090716194359.html . 3 December 2009 . dmy-all .
6. Stem, Robert. Destroyer Battles: Epics of Naval Close Combat, p.22. Seaforth Publishing, 2008. . (online)
7. https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/introduction-and-history/history-riigikogu/constituent-assembly/ Constituent Assembly – Riigikogu
8. Web site: Катастрофа Ил-14 Азербайджанского УГА над Каспийским морем южнее Баку . Accident Il-14 Caspian Sea south of Baku . airdisaster.ru . ru.
9. Web site: Accident Vickers 785D Viscount HC-AVP, . 5 November 2022 . Aviation Safety Network . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221105101700/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790423-1 . 5 November 2022 .
10. News: Chaudhary . Vivek . 2019-04-21 . Forty years on, Southall demands justice for killing of Blair Peach . 2024-04-23 . The Observer . en-GB . 0029-7712.
11. This Is the First Ever YouTube Video. Time. 2017-04-22.
12. Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2013-04-24 . Protest Clashes and Random Attacks Leave 111 Killed, 233 Wounded Across Iraq . 2024-04-23 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
13. Web site: Toronto van attack: Suspect quizzed after 10 pedestrians killed. 24 April 2018. BBC. 24 April 2018.
14. Web site: 54 miners missing and feared dead after mudslide at Myanmar jade mine. 2019-04-23. CBS News. 2019-04-24.
15. Web site: Two copters crash during training in Lumut. 23 April 2024. The Star. 24 April 2024.
16. Web site: 10 confirmed dead in Lumut helicopter crash. 23 April 2024. Free Malaysia Today. 24 April 2024.
17. Book: Scotland. Sovereigns, etc. Scotland. Regesta Regum Scottorum, 1153-1424: The acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots. 1960. University Press. 3. 9780852243954.
18. Book: George Long. The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge--. 1843. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 73.
19. Book: The Register of Americans of Prominent Descent. 1982. Morten Publishing Company. 69.
20. Web site: Folger Shakespeare Library. Folger_Shakespeare_Library . 15 April 2024 . en.
21. Book: Mary S. Weinkauf. Mary Wickizer Burgess. Murder Most Poetic: The Mystery Novels of Ngaio Marsh. 1 January 1996. Wildside Press LLC. 978-0-89370-297-7. 8.
22. Web site: Jim Bottomley . Society for American Baseball Research . 20 March 2021.
23. Book: Fasanelli, Florence D. . Sheila Scott Macintyre . Grinstein . Louise S. . Campbell . Paul J. . Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook . New York . Greenwood Press . 1987 . 978-0-3132-4849-8 . 140 . https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/140 .
24. Book: Anne Commire. Deborah Klezmer. Women in World History: Schu-Sui. 2002. Yorkin Publications. 978-0-7876-4073-6. 352.
25. Web site: Ribar Ivo Lola . 2 April 2024.
26. Book: New Times. January 1996. New Times Publishing House. liv.
27. News: Judy Agnew, Wife of Vice President, Dies at 91. https://web.archive.org/web/20120628182743/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/28/us/judy-agnew-wife-of-vice-president-dies-at-91.html . 2012-06-28 . limited. Martin. Douglas. 2012-06-27. The New York Times. 2019-10-12. en-US. 0362-4331.
28. Book: Judith A. Leavitt. American Women Managers and Administrators: A Selective Biographical Dictionary. 1985. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-313-23748-5. 27.
29. News: Lehmann-Haupt . Christopher . Grimes . William . George Steiner, Prodigious Literary Critic, Dies at 90 . . February 3, 2020 . February 4, 2020.
30. Book: Dictionary of African biography. 2012. Oxford University Press. Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku., Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.. 9780195382075. Oxford. 248. 706025122.
31. News: The Vancouver Sun . March 5, 1993 . 80 . Shedding some light on Judith Light.
32. Web site: Andruw Jones . . 30 October 2022.
33. Web site: Lee Young-pyo . sporting-heroes.net . 9 April 2020.
34. Web site: Nicole den Dulk data . FEI.org . 2 August 2020.
35. Tony Hendroyono. Fifa World Cup 2010: Laga Akbar Tim Sepak Bola Dunia
36. Web site: Leon Andreasen . soccerbase.com . 9 April 2020.
37. Web site: Quinn Ojinnaka . . 12 April 2023.
38. Encyclopedia: Sandra Borch . Vibeke . Lauritsen . Knut Are . Tvedt . . 15 March 2024 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 17 March 2024.
39. Web site: Rui Fonte . soccerbase.com . 9 April 2020.
40. Web site: Dr. Britt Baker . 14 November 2021 . . 12 April 2023.
41. Web site: Lee . Joseph . Various News: Randy Orton Dances To Bianca Belair's Theme, Today's Wrestling Birthdays Include John Cena, First Look At Rikishi In WWE 2K22 . . 12 April 2023 . 23 April 2022.
42. Web site: Carolina Alves Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-19 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
43. Web site: National Team Bios. USA Swimming. 29 April 2020. 28 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191228101757/https://www.usaswimming.org/meet-the-team/national-team-bios?personid=7f2405d5-ddca-4c11-b114-f3f8127c31e5. dead.
44. Web site: TWICE. 2020-11-05. twice.jype.com. ko.
45. Web site: Chloe Kim . 25 February 2023 . . 12 April 2023.
46. Web site: KProfiles . 2018-08-09 . Jeno (NCT) Profile and Facts (Updated!) . 2024-01-14 . Kpop Profiles . en-US.
47. Web site: Arasteh . Amira . Daly . Hannah . St George's Day 2022: How the dragon-slayer became the patron saint of England . The Telegraph . 23 April 2022 . 23 April 2022.
48. Book: Cheney . Christopher Robert . Jones . Michael . A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History . 6 April 2000 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-77845-9 . 23 . en.
49. Book: Charles . Herbermann . "Ekkehard". Catholic Encyclopedia. . 1913 . New York: Robert Appleton Company.
50. Web site: The Death of Shakespeare . Britannica . 23 April 2022 . en.
51. Web site: Homenaje al Inca Garcilaso (1539-1616) en su cuarto centenario . June 16, 2016 . RAE Energy . 26 April 2023 . es . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210619010319/https://www.rae.es/noticia/homenaje-al-inca-garcilaso-1539-1616-en-su-cuarto-centenario . Jun 19, 2021 .
52. Web site: The Life of Silas Soule - Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site . National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. 14 July 2017. 16 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170716071009/https://www.nps.gov/sand/learn/historyculture/the-life-of-silas-soule.htm. live.
53. Web site: John Mills . https://web.archive.org/web/20160511175742/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba03e6cbb . dead . May 11, 2016 . BFI . 23 April 2022 . en.
54. Web site: Opera singer who received two double lung transplants has died at 35. 2019-04-24. CBS News.
55. Web site: Grand Duke Jean passes away. 2021-11-24. delano.lu. en.
56. Web site: Dan Kaminsky's Sudden Death Wasn't Related to COVID-19 Vaccine: Family. 2021-04-25. Heavy.com.
57. News: Brown . Michael . April 23, 2022 . Orrin G. Hatch, longest-serving Republican in Senate history, dies at 88 . .
58. News: Dugan . Emily . 2024-04-24 . Tributes paid to Frank Field, former Labour minister, who has died aged 81 . 2024-04-26 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
59. Web site: Marquard . Bryan . April 23, 2024 . Helen Vendler, a towering presence in poetry criticism, has died - The Boston Globe . April 26, 2024 . BostonGlobe.com . en-US.
60. Book: Cooper . J. C. . Dictionary of Christianity . 2013 . Abingdon, Oxon . 9781315074047 . 2.
61. Web site: World Book and Copyright Day . UNESCO . 24 October 2021 . en . 29 April 2021.
62. Web site: English Language Day . United Nations . 23 April 2022 . en.
63. . Retrieved 2019-04-09.