April 11 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 491  - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.^[1]
• 1241  - Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.^[2]
• 1512  - War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrarese forces led by Gaston de Foix and Alfonso I d'Este win the Battle of Ravenna against the Papal-Spanish forces.^[3]
• 1544  - Italian War of 1542–46: A French army defeats Habsburg forces at the Battle of Ceresole, but fails to exploit its victory.^[4]

1601–1900

• 1689  - William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain^[5] on the same day that the Scottish Parliament concurs with the English decision of 12 February.^[6]
• 1713  - France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Utrecht, bringing an end to the War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War). Britain accepts Philip V as King of Spain, while Philip renounces any claim to the French throne.^[7]
• 1727  - Premiere of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion BWV 244b at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony (now Germany).^[8]
• 1809  - Battle of the Basque Roads: Admiral Lord Gambier fails to support Captain Lord Cochrane, leading to an incomplete British victory over the French fleet.^[9]
• 1814  - The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time.
• 1856  - Second Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaría burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.
• 1868  - Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
• 1876  - The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized.
• 1881  - Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.

1901–present

• 1908  -, the last armored cruiser to be built by the Imperial German Navy, is launched.
• 1909  - The city of Tel Aviv is founded.^[10]
• 1921  - Emir Abdullah establishes the first centralised government in the newly created British protectorate of Transjordan.
• 1935  - Stresa Front: opening of the conference between the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, the Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini and the French Minister for Foreign Affairs Pierre Laval to condemn the German violations of the Treaty of Versailles.^[11]
• 1945  - World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.^[12]
• 1951  - Korean War: President Truman relieves Douglas MacArthur of the command of American forces in Korea and Japan.
• 1951  - The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.
• 1952  - Bolivian National Revolution: Rebels take over Palacio Quemado.^[13]
• 1952  - Pan Am Flight 526A ditches near San Juan-Isla Grande Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, after experiencing an engine failure, killing 52 people.^[14]
• 1955  - The Air India Kashmir Princess is bombed and crashes in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by the Kuomintang.
• 1957  - United Kingdom agrees to Singaporean self-rule.
• 1961  - The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
• 1963  - Pope John XXIII issues Pacem in terris, the first encyclical addressed to all Christians instead of only Catholics, and which described the conditions for world peace in human terms.
• 1964  - Brazilian Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco is elected president by the National Congress.
• 1965  - The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: Fifty-five tornadoes hit in six Midwestern states of the United States, killing 266 people.^[15]
• 1968  - US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.
• 1968  - A failed assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke, leader of the German student movement, leaves Dutschke suffering from brain damage.^[16]
• 1970  - Apollo Program: Apollo 13 is launched.
• 1976  - The Apple I is created.^[17]
• 1977  - London Transport's Silver Jubilee AEC Routemaster buses are launched.
• 1979  - Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.
• 1981  - A massive riot in Brixton, south London results in almost 300 police injuries and 65 serious civilian injuries.
• 1986  - FBI Miami Shootout: A gun battle in broad daylight in Dade County, Florida between two bank/armored car robbers and pursuing FBI agents. During the firefight, FBI agents Jerry L. Dove and Benjamin P. Grogan were killed, while five other agents were wounded. As a result, the popular .40 S&W cartridge was developed.
• 1987  - The London Agreement is secretly signed between Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein of Jordan.
• 1990  - Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, seize what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
• 1993  - Four hundred fifty prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs.
• 2001  - The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, China after a collision with a J-8 fighter, is released.
• 2002  - The Ghriba synagogue bombing by al-Qaeda kills 21 in Tunisia.
• 2002  - Over two hundred thousand people march in Caracas towards the presidential palace to demand the resignation of President Hugo Chávez. Nineteen protesters are killed.
• 2006  - Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces Iran's claim to have successfully enriched uranium.^[18]
• 2007  - Algiers bombings: Two bombings in Algiers kill 33 people and wound a further 222 others.
• 2008  - Kata Air Transport Flight 007 crashes while attempting an emergency landing at Chișinău International Airport, killing eight.^[19]
• 2011  - An explosion in the Minsk Metro, Belarus kills 15 people and injures 204 others.
• 2012  - A pair of great earthquakes occur in the Wharton Basin west of Sumatra in Indonesia. The maximum Mercalli intensity of this strike-slip doublet earthquake is VII (Very strong). Ten are killed, twelve are injured, and a non-destructive tsunami is observed on the island of Nias.
• 2018  - An Ilyushin Il-76 which was owned and operated by the Algerian Air Force crashes near Boufarik, Algeria, killing 257.
• 2021  - Twenty year old Daunte Wright is shot and killed in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota by officer Kimberly Potter, sparking protests in the city, when the officer allegedly mistakes her own gun for her taser.^[20]
• 2023  - During the Pazigyi massacre, an airstrike conducted by the Myanmar Air Force kills at least 100 villagers in Pazigyi, Sagaing Region.^[21]

Births

Pre-1600

• 145  - Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (probable;^[22] d. 211)
• 1184  - William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg (d. 1213)
• 1348  - Andronikos IV Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1385)
• 1357  - John I of Portugal (d. 1433)^[23]
• 1370  - Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1428)^[24]
• 1374  - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (d. 1398)
• 1493  - George I, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1531)
• 1591  - Bartholomeus Strobel, Silezian painter (d. 1650)
• 1592  - John Eliot, English lawyer and politician (d. 1632)

1601–1900

• 1644  - Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1724)
• 1658  - James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (d. 1712)
• 1683  - Jean-Joseph Mouret, French composer and conductor (d. 1738)
• 1715  - John Alcock, English organist and composer (d. 1806)
• 1721  - David Zeisberger, Czech-American clergyman and missionary (d. 1808)
• 1722  - Christopher Smart, English actor, playwright, and poet (d. 1771)
• 1749  - Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, French miniaturist and portrait painter (d. 1803)^[25]
• 1755  - James Parkinson, English surgeon, geologist, and paleontologist (d. 1824)
• 1770  - George Canning, Irish-English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1827)
• 1794  - Edward Everett, English-American educator and politician, 15th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1865)
• 1798  - Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist and academic (d. 1854)
• 1819  - Charles Hallé, German-English pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
• 1825  - Ferdinand Lassalle, German philosopher and jurist (d. 1864)
• 1827  - Jyotirao Phule, Indian scholar, philosopher, and activist (d. 1890)
• 1830  - John Douglas, English architect (d. 1911)^[26]
• 1837  - Elmer E. Ellsworth, American army officer and law clerk (d. 1861)^[27]
• 1854  - Hugh Massie, Australian cricketer (d. 1938)
• 1856  - Arthur Shrewsbury, English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1903)
• 1859  - Stefanos Thomopoulos, Greek historian and author (d. 1939)
• 1862  - William Wallace Campbell, American astronomer and academic (d. 1938)
• 1862  - Charles Evans Hughes, American lawyer and politician, 44th United States Secretary of State (d. 1948)
• 1864  - Johanna Elberskirchen, German author and activist (d. 1943)
• 1866  - Bernard O'Dowd, Australian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1953)
• 1867  - Mark Keppel, American educator (d. 1928)
• 1869  - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor, designed the Nobel Peace Prize medal (d. 1943)
• 1871  - Gyula Kellner, Hungarian runner (d. 1940)
• 1872  - Aleksandër Stavre Drenova, Albanian poet, rilindas and author of national anthem of Albania (d. 1947)^[28]
• 1873  - Edward Lawson, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1955)
• 1876  - Paul Henry, Irish painter (d. 1958)
• 1876  - Ivane Javakhishvili, Georgian historian and academic (d. 1940)
• 1878  - Percy Lane Oliver, British pioneer of volunteer blood donation (d. 1944) ^[29]
• 1879  - Bernhard Schmidt, Estonian-German astronomer and optician (d. 1935)
• 1887  - Jamini Roy, Indian painter (d. 1972)
• 1893  - Dean Acheson, American lawyer and politician, 51st United States Secretary of State (d. 1971)
• 1896  - Léo-Paul Desrosiers, Canadian journalist and author (d. 1967)
• 1899  - Percy Lavon Julian, African-American chemist and academic (d. 1975)
• 1900  - Sándor Márai, Hungarian journalist and author (d. 1989)

1901–present

• 1903  - Misuzu Kaneko, Japanese poet (d. 1930)
• 1904  - K. L. Saigal, Indian singer and actor (d. 1947)
• 1905  - Attila József, Hungarian poet and educator (d. 1937)
• 1906  - Dale Messick, American author and illustrator (d. 2005)
• 1907  - Paul Douglas, American actor (d. 1959)
• 1908  - Jane Bolin, American lawyer and judge (d. 2007)
• 1908  - Masaru Ibuka, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (d. 1997)^[30]
• 1908  - Dan Maskell, English tennis player and sportscaster (d. 1992)
• 1908  - Leo Rosten, Polish-American author and academic (d. 1997)
• 1910  - António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1996)
• 1912  - John Levy, American bassist and businessman (d. 2012)
• 1913  - Oleg Cassini, French-American fashion designer (d. 2006)
• 1914  - Norman McLaren, Scottish-Canadian animator, director, and producer (d. 1987)
• 1914  - Robert Stanfield, Canadian economist, lawyer, and politician, 17th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
• 1914  - Dorothy Lewis Bernstein, American mathematician (d. 1988)^[31]
• 1916  - Alberto Ginastera, Argentinian pianist and composer (d. 1983)^[32]
• 1916  - Howard W. Koch, American director and producer (d. 2001)
• 1917  - David Westheimer, American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 2005)^[33]
• 1918  - Richard Wainwright, English soldier and politician (d. 2003)
• 1919  - Raymond Carr, English historian and academic (d. 2015)
• 1920  - Emilio Colombo, Italian lawyer and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2013)^[34]
• 1920  - William Royer, American soldier and politician (d. 2013)
• 1921  - Jim Hearn, American baseball player (d. 1998)
• 1921  - Jack Rayner, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2008)
• 1922  - Arved Viirlaid, Estonian-Canadian soldier and author (d. 2015)
• 1923  - George J. Maloof, Sr., American businessman (d. 1980)
• 1924  - Mohammad Naseem, Pakistani-English activist and politician (d. 2014)
• 1925  - Yuriy Lituyev, Russian hurdler and commander (d. 2000)
• 1925  - Viola Liuzzo, American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
• 1925  - Viktor Masing, Estonian botanist and ecologist (d. 2001)
• 1925  - Pierre Péladeau, Canadian businessman, founded Quebecor (d. 1997)
• 1926  - David Manker Abshire, American commander and diplomat, United States Permanent Representative to NATO (d. 2014)^[35]
• 1926  - Victor Bouchard, Canadian pianist and composer (d. 2011)
• 1926  - Karl Rebane, Estonian physicist and academic (d. 2007)
• 1927  - Lokesh Chandra, Indian historian
• 1928  - Ethel Kennedy, American philanthropist (d. 2024)^[36]
• 1928  - Edwin Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2017)
• 1928  - Tommy Tycho, Hungarian-Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2013)
• 1930  - Nicholas F. Brady, American businessman and politician, 68th United States Secretary of the Treasury
• 1930  - Walter Krüger, German javelin thrower (d. 2018)
• 1930  - Anton LaVey, American occultist, founded the Church of Satan (d. 1997)^[37]
• 1931  - Lewis Jones, Welsh rugby player and coach (d. 2024)
• 1932  - Joel Grey, American actor, singer, and dancer
• 1933  - Tony Brown, American journalist and academic
• 1934  - Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet, essayist, and translator (d. 2014)
• 1934  - Ron Pember, English actor, director and playwright (d. 2022)
• 1935  - Richard Berry, American singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
• 1936  - Brian Noble, English bishop (d. 2019)
• 1937  - Jill Gascoine, English actress and author (d. 2020)
• 1938  - Gerry Baker, American soccer player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1938  - Michael Deaver, American politician, Deputy White House Chief of Staff (d. 2007)
• 1938  - Reatha King, American chemist and businesswoman^[38]
• 1939  - Luther Johnson, American singer and guitarist (d. 2022)
• 1939  - Louise Lasser, American actress
• 1940  - Col Firmin, Australian politician (d. 2013)
• 1940  - Władysław Komar, Polish shot putter and actor (d. 1998)
• 1941  - Ellen Goodman, American journalist and author
• 1941  - Shirley Stelfox, English actress (d. 2015)^[39]
• 1942  - Anatoly Berezovoy, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2014)
• 1942  - Hattie Gossett, American writer^[40]
• 1942  - James Underwood, English pathologist and academic
• 1943  - John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich, English businessman and politician
• 1943  - Harley Race, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2019)
• 1944  - Peter Barfuß, German footballer
• 1944  - John Milius, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1945  - John Krebs, Baron Krebs, English zoologist and academic
• 1946  - Chris Burden, American sculptor, illustrator, and academic (d. 2015)
• 1946  - Bob Harris, English journalist and radio host
• 1947  - Lev Bulat, Ukrainian-Russian physicist and academic (d. 2016)
• 1947  - Uli Edel, German director and screenwriter
• 1947  - Frank Mantooth, American pianist and composer (d. 2004)
• 1947  - Peter Riegert, American actor, screenwriter and film director
• 1947  - Michael T. Wright, English engineer and academic (d. 2015)
• 1949 – Dorothy Allison, American writer (d. 2024)^[41]
• 1949  - Bernd Eichinger, German director and producer (d. 2011)
• 1950  - Bill Irwin, American actor and clown
• 1951  - Paul Fox, English singer and guitarist (d. 2007)
• 1952  - Nancy Honeytree, American singer and guitarist
• 1952  - Indira Samarasekera, Sri Lankan engineer and academic
• 1952  - Peter Windsor, English-Australian journalist and sportscaster
• 1953  - Guy Verhofstadt, Belgian politician, 47th Prime Minister of Belgium
• 1953  - Andrew Wiles, English mathematician and academic
• 1954  - Abdullah Atalar, Turkish engineer and academic
• 1954  - Aleksandr Averin, Azerbaijani cyclist and coach
• 1954  - Francis Lickerish, English guitarist and composer
• 1954  - David Perrett, Scottish psychologist and academic
• 1954  - Ian Redmond, English biologist and conservationist
• 1954  - Willie Royster, American baseball player (d. 2015)
• 1955  - Kevin Brady, American lawyer and politician
• 1955  - Michael Callen, American singer-songwriter and AIDS activist (d. 1993)
• 1955  - Micheal Ray Richardson, American basketball player and coach
• 1958  - Stuart Adamson, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001)
• 1958  - Lyudmila Kondratyeva, Russian sprinter
• 1958  - Wayne Wigham, Australian rugby league player^[42]
• 1959  - Pierre Lacroix, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1959  - Ana María Polo, Cuban-American lawyer and judge
• 1959  - Zahid Maleque, Bangladeshi politician
• 1960  - Jeremy Clarkson, English journalist and television presenter
• 1961  - Vincent Gallo, American actor, director, producer, and musician
• 1961  - Doug Hopkins, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1993)
• 1961  - Nobuaki Kakuda, Japanese martial artist
• 1962  - Franck Ducheix, French fencer
• 1962  - Mark Lawson, English journalist and author
• 1963  - Billy Bowden, New Zealand cricketer and umpire
• 1963  - Waldemar Fornalik, Polish footballer and manager
• 1963  - Elizabeth Smylie, Australian tennis player
• 1963  - Eleni Tsaligopoulou, Greek singer ^[43]
• 1964  - Steve Azar, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1964  - John Cryer, English journalist and politician
• 1964  - Johann Sebastian Paetsch, American cellist
• 1964  - Bret Saberhagen, American baseball player and coach
• 1964  - Patrick Sang, Kenyan runner
• 1966  - Steve Scarsone, American baseball player and manager
• 1966  - Shin Seung-hun, South Korean singer-songwriter
• 1966  - Lisa Stansfield, English singer-songwriter and actress
• 1968  - Sergei Lukyanenko, Kazakh-Russian journalist and author
• 1969  - Cerys Matthews, Welsh singer-songwriter^[44]
• 1969  - Dustin Rhodes, American wrestler^[45]
• 1969  - Michael von Grünigen, Swiss skier
• 1970  - Trevor Linden, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1970  - Whigfield, Danish singer and songwriter^[46]
• 1971  - Oliver Riedel, German bass player^[47]
• 1972  - Balls Mahoney, American wrestler (d. 2016)^[48]
• 1972  - Allan Théo, French singer
• 1972  - Jason Varitek, American baseball player and manager
• 1972  - Jennifer Esposito, American actress and writer^[49]
• 1973  - Olivier Magne, French rugby player
• 1974  - Àlex Corretja, Spanish tennis player and coach
• 1974  - Ashot Danielyan, Armenian weightlifter
• 1974  - David Jassy, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer
• 1974  - Tom Thacker, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1974  - Trot Nixon, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1976  - Marta Breen, Norwegian journalist, non-fiction writer, and organizational leader^[50]
• 1976  - Kelvim Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1976  - Kotomitsuki Keiji, Japanese sumo wrestler^[51]
• 1977  - Ivonne Teichmann, German runner
• 1978  - Josh Hancock, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1979  - Malcolm Christie, English footballer
• 1979  - Sebastien Grainger, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979  - Michel Riesen, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1979  - Josh Server, American actor
• 1980  - Keiji Tamada, Japanese footballer
• 1980  - Mark Teixeira, American baseball player
• 1981  - Alessandra Ambrosio, Brazilian model
• 1981  - Alexandre Burrows, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1981  - Luis Flores, Dominican basketball player^[52]
• 1981  - Veronica Pyke, Australian cricketer
• 1982  - Ian Bell, English cricketer
• 1982  - Peeter Kümmel, Estonian skier
• 1983  - Jennifer Heil, Canadian skier
• 1983  - Rubén Palazuelos, Spanish footballer
• 1983  - Nicky Pastorelli, Dutch race car driver
• 1984  - Kelli Garner, American actress
• 1984  - Nikola Karabatić, French handball player
• 1985  - Pablo Hernández Domínguez, Spanish footballer
• 1985  - Will Minson, Australian footballer
• 1986  - Sarodj Bertin, Haitian model and human rights lawyer^[53]
• 1986  - Lena Schöneborn, German pentathlete
• 1987  - Joss Stone, English singer-songwriter and actress
• 1987  - Lights, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1988  - Leland Irving, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989  - Torrin Lawrence, American sprinter (d. 2014)
• 1990  - Dimitrios Anastasopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1990  - Thulani Serero, South African footballer
• 1991  - Thiago Alcântara, Spanish footballer
• 1991  - Brennan Poole, American racing driver^[54]
• 1994  - Brandon Montour, Canadian ice hockey player^[55]
• 1996  - Dele Alli, English international footballer^[56]
• 2000  - Calen Addison, Canadian ice hockey player^[57]
• 2000  - Milly Alcock, Australian actress^[58]
• 2000  - Karina, South Korean singer^[59]
• 2001  - Manuel Ugarte, Uruguayan footballer^[60]
• 2002  - Jake Fraser-McGurk, Australian cricketer^[61]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 618  - Yang Guang, Chinese emperor of the Sui Dynasty (b. 569)
• 678  - Donus, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 610)
• 924  - Herman I, chancellor and archbishop of Cologne
• 1034  - Romanos III Argyros, Byzantine emperor (b. 968)
• 1077  - Anawrahta, king of Burma and founder of the Pagan Empire (b. 1014)
• 1079  - Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (b. 1030)
• 1165  - Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia^[62]
• 1240  - Llywelyn the Great, Welsh prince (b. 1172)^[63]
• 1349  - Ramadan ibn Alauddin, first known Muslim from Korea^[64]
• 1447  - Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1377)
• 1512  - Gaston de Foix, French military commander (b. 1489)
• 1554  - Thomas Wyatt the Younger, English rebel leader (b. 1521)^[65]
• 1587  - Thomas Bromley, English lord chancellor (b. 1530)

1601–1900

• 1609  - John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, English noble (b. 1533)
• 1612  - Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian and author (b. 1535)
• 1612  - Edward Wightman, English minister and martyr (b. 1566)
• 1626  - Marino Ghetaldi, Ragusan mathematician and physicist (b. 1568)
• 1712  - Richard Simon, French priest and critic (b. 1638)
• 1723  - John Robinson, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1650)
• 1783  - Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Polish-Russian politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1718)
• 1798  - Karl Wilhelm Ramler, German poet and academic (b. 1725)
• 1856  - Juan Santamaría, Costa Rican soldier (b. 1831)
• 1861  - Francisco González Bocanegra, Mexican poet and composer (b. 1824)
• 1873  - Edward Canby, American general (b. 1817)
• 1890  - David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo, Dutch Talmudist (b. 1808)
• 1890  - Joseph Merrick, English man with severe deformities (b. 1862)
• 1894  - Constantin Lipsius, German architect and theorist (b. 1832)
• 1895  - Julius Lothar Meyer, German chemist (b. 1830)

1901–present

• 1902  - Wade Hampton III, Confederate general and politician, 77th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1818)^[66]
• 1903  - Gemma Galgani, Italian mystic and saint (b. 1878)
• 1906  - James Anthony Bailey, American businessman, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (b. 1847)
• 1906  - Francis Pharcellus Church, American journalist and publisher, co-founded Armed Forces Journal and The Galaxy Magazine (b. 1839)
• 1908  - Henry Bird, English chess player and author (b. 1829)
• 1916  - Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (b. 1864)
• 1918  - Otto Wagner, Austrian architect and urban planner (b. 1841)
• 1926  - Luther Burbank, American botanist and academic (b. 1849)
• 1939  - Kurtdereli Mehmet, Turkish wrestler (b. 1864)
• 1953  - Kid Nichols, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
• 1954  - Paul Specht, American violinist and bandleader (b. 1895)
• 1958  - Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter and educator (b. 1875)
• 1960  - Rosa Grünberg, Swedish actress (b. 1878)
• 1962  - Ukichiro Nakaya, Japanese physicist and academic (b. 1900)
• 1962  - George Poage, American hurdler and educator (b. 1880)
• 1962  - Axel Revold, Norwegian painter (b. 1887)^[67]
• 1967  - Thomas Farrell, American general (b. 1891)
• 1967  - Donald Sangster, Jamaican lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1911)
• 1970  - Cathy O'Donnell, American actress (b. 1923)
• 1970  - John O'Hara, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1905)
• 1974  - Ernst Ziegler, German actor (b. 1894)
• 1977  - Jacques Prévert, French poet and screenwriter (b. 1900)
• 1977  - Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', Indian author and activist (b. 1921)
• 1980  - Ümit Kaftancıoğlu, Turkish journalist and producer (b. 1935)
• 1981  - Caroline Gordon, American author and critic (b. 1895)
• 1983  - Dolores del Río, Mexican actress (b. 1904)^[68]
• 1984  - Edgar V. Saks, Estonian historian and politician, Estonian Minister of Education (b. 1910)
• 1985  - Bunny Ahearne, Irish-born English businessman (b. 1900)
• 1985  - John Gilroy, English artist and illustrator (b. 1898)
• 1985  - Enver Hoxha, Albanian educator and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1908)
• 1987  - Erskine Caldwell, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1903)
• 1987  - Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (b. 1919)
• 1990  - Harold Ballard, Canadian businessman (b. 1903)
• 1991  - Walker Cooper, American baseball player and manager (b. 1915)
• 1991  - Bruno Hoffmann. German glass harp player (b. 1913)
• 1992  - James Brown, American actor and singer (b. 1920)
• 1992  - Eve Merriam, American author and poet (b. 1916)
• 1992  - Alejandro Obregón, Colombian painter, sculptor, and engraver (b. 1920)
• 1996  - Jessica Dubroff, American pilot (b. 1988)
• 1997  - Muriel McQueen Fergusson, Canadian lawyer and politician, Canadian Speaker of the Senate (b. 1899)
• 1997  - Wang Xiaobo, contemporary Chinese novelist and essayist (b. 1952)
• 1999  - William H. Armstrong, American author and educator (b. 1911)
• 2000  - Diana Darvey, English actress, singer and dancer (b. 1945)
• 2001  - Harry Secombe, Welsh-English actor (b. 1921)
• 2003  - Cecil Howard Green, English-American geophysicist and businessman, founded Texas Instruments (b. 1900)
• 2005  - André François, Romanian-French cartoonist, painter, and sculptor (b. 1915)
• 2005  - Lucien Laurent, French footballer and coach (b. 1907)
• 2006  - June Pointer, American singer (b. 1953)
• 2006  - DeShaun Holton, American rapper and actor (b. 1973)
• 2007  - Roscoe Lee Browne, American actor and director (b. 1922)
• 2007  - Loïc Leferme, French diver (b. 1970)
• 2007  - Janet McDonald, American lawyer and author (b. 1954)
• 2007  - Ronald Speirs, Scottish-American colonel (b. 1920)
• 2007  - Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1922)^[69]
• 2008  - Merlin German, American sergeant (b. 1985)
• 2009  - Gerda Gilboe, Danish actress and singer (b. 1914)
• 2009  - Vishnu Prabhakar, Indian author and playwright (b. 1912)
• 2009  - Corín Tellado, Spanish author (b. 1927)
• 2010  - Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian pianist and composer (b. 1948)
• 2011  - Larry Sweeney, American wrestler and manager (b. 1981)
• 2012  - Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian soldier and politician, 1st President of Algeria (b. 1916)
• 2012  - Roger Caron, Canadian criminal and author (b. 1938)
• 2012  - Tippy Dye, American basketball player and coach (b. 1915)
• 2012  - Hal McKusick, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and flute player (b. 1924)
• 2012  - Agustin Roman, American bishop (b. 1928)
• 2013  - Don Blackman, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1953)
• 2013  - Sue Draheim, American fiddler (b.1949)^[70]
• 2013  - Grady Hatton, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1922)
• 2013  - Thomas Hemsley, English actor and singer (b. 1927)
• 2013  - Hilary Koprowski, Polish-American virologist and immunologist (b. 1916)
• 2013  - Gilles Marchal, French singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
• 2013  - Maria Tallchief, American ballerina (b. 1925)
• 2013  - Clorindo Testa, Italian-Argentinian architect (b. 1923)
• 2013  - Jonathan Winters, American comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1925)
• 2014  - Rolf Brem, Swiss sculptor and illustrator (b. 1926)
• 2014  - Edna Doré, English actress (b. 1921)
• 2014  - Bill Henry, American baseball player (b. 1927)
• 2014  - Lou Hudson, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1944)
• 2014  - Myer S. Kripke, American rabbi and scholar (b. 1914)
• 2014  - Sergey Nepobedimy, Russian engineer (b. 1921)
• 2014  - Jesse Winchester, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
• 2015  - Jimmy Gunn, American football player (b. 1948)
• 2015  - Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, Bangladeshi journalist and politician (b. 1952)
• 2015  - François Maspero, French journalist and author (b. 1932)
• 2015  - Hanut Singh, Indian general (b. 1933)
• 2015  - Tekena Tamuno, Nigerian historian and academic (b. 1932)
• 2017  - J. Geils, American singer and guitarist (b. 1946)
• 2017  - Mark Wainberg, Canadian researcher and HIV/AIDS activist (b. 1945)
• 2020  - John Horton Conway, English mathematician (b. 1937)^[71]
• 2024  - Park Bo-ram, South Korean singer (b. 1994)^[72]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Antipas of Pergamum (Greek Orthodox Church)
  • Barsanuphius^{[73] [74]}
  • Gemma Galgani
  • Godeberta
  • Guthlac of Crowland
  • George Selwyn (Anglicanism)
  • Stanislaus of Szczepanów
  • April 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Juan Santamaría Day, anniversary of his death in the Second Battle of Rivas. (Costa Rica)
• International Louie Louie Day
• World Parkinson's Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on April 11

Notes and References

1. Book: Von einer Gesellschaft deutscher Gelehrten bearbeitet: Bd. 1-4. 1832. Brüggemann. 487. none.

   Book: Kosiński, Rafał. Holiness and Power: Constantinopolitan Holy Men and Authority in the 5th Century. Berlin. Walter de Gruyter. 2016. 9783110417074. 162.

2. Book: Bachrach, David S.. The Histories of a Medieval German City, Worms c. 1000-c. 1300. Farnham, Surrey, UK. Ashgate. 2014. 9781472436412. 88.
3. Book: Tucker, Spencer C.. Overview of 1500-1600: A Chronology. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume 2: 1500-1774. Tucker. Spencer C.. Santa Barbara, Calif.. ABC-CLIO. 2010. 9781851096671. 481.
4. Book: Tucker, Spencer C.. Overview of 1500-1600: A Chronology. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume 2: 1500-1774. Tucker. Spencer C.. Santa Barbara, Calif.. ABC-CLIO. 2010. 9781851096671. 510–511.
5. Book: Bell, James B.. Anglicans, Dissenters and Radical Change in Early New England 1686-1786. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. 2017. 9783319556291. 33.
6. Book: Panton, Kenneth J.. Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, Md.. Scarecrow Press. 2011. 9780810857797. xxxiii.
7. Book: Ghervas, Stella. In the Shadow of Utrecht: Perpetual Peace and International Order, 1713-1815. The 1713 Peace of Utrecht and Its Enduring Effects. Soons. Alfred H.A.. Boston. Brill. 2020. 9789004266407. 204–205.
8. Book: Jones, Richard Douglas. The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach: Music to Delight the Spirit. Volume 2: 1717-1750. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press. 2013. 9780198164401. 181.
9. Book: Cordingly, David. Cochrane the Dauntless. London. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2007. 9780747580881. 205. none.

   Book: Clowes, William Laird. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present. Volume V. London. S. Low, Marston and Co.. 1900. 1296915. 268–269. none. ; Book: Stewart, William. Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary: 1500 to the Present. Jefferson, N.C.. McFarland & Co.. 2009. 9780786438099. 139.

10. Book: Schlor . Joachim . Schlör . Joachim . Tel Aviv: From Dream to City . 1999 . Reaktion Books . 978-1-86189-033-7 . 43 . en.
11. Web site: 11-14 April 1935. The Stresa Front to stop Adolf Hitler. . https://web.archive.org/web/20150413050817/http://beyondthirtynine.com/11-14-april-1935-the-stresa-front-to-stop-adolf-hitler/ . 13 April 2015 . dead . Paratico . Angelo . 13 April 2015 . beyondthirtynine.com.
12. Web site: Buchenwald Definition, Location, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 19 November 2020 . en.
13. Web site: 13 November 2019. The 1952 Bolivian Revolution . . Sagra . Alicia . 26 February 2022 . en . live . 27 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201127005758/https://litci.org/en/the-1952-bolivian-revolution/.
14. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-4 N88899 San Juan-Isla Grande Airport (SIG) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20121013235651/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19520411-0 . 2012-10-13 . Aviation Safety Network.
15. Web site: Blake Naftel . Jon Chamberlain . Becky Monroe . Ed Lacey Jr. . Dick Loney . April 11th 1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak . . National Weather Service . 14 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404011605/https://www.weather.gov/iwx/1965_palmsunday_50 . 4 April 2015 . . 2015.
16. Karcher . Katharina . 2021-11-01 . The pleasure and pain of passing as (dis)abled: Rudi Dutschke's exile in the UK (1968-1971) and the Ableism of the West German Student Movement . New German Critique . English . 48 . 3 . 199–218 . 10.1215/0094033X-9305540 . 244302173 . 1558-1462.
17. Web site: And that's the way it was: April 11, 1976. Columbia Journalism Review. April 11, 2013. April 1, 2019.
18. News: Iran declares: we are in the nuclear club. Robert Tait Ewen. MacAskill. The Guardian . April 11, 2006. www.theguardian.com.
19. Web site: 12 April 2008 . Sudanese plane crashes in Moldova, eight dead . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115007/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/198443,sudanese-plane-crashes-in-moldova-eight-dead.html . 14 July 2014 . Earth Times.
20. Web site: Ray Sanchez and Mallika Kallingal. Ex-police officer Kim Potter weeps, says she's 'sorry' as she recalls fatally shooting Daunte Wright. 2021-12-18. CNN. 17 December 2021 .
21. News: 11 April 2023 . Airstrikes on Myanmar village feared to have killed 100 . en . AP NEWS .
22. Book: Maurice Platnauer. The Life and Reign of the Emperor Lucius Septimius Severus. 1918. H. Milford, Oxford University Press. 24.
23. Book: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 1 May 2008. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. 978-1-59339-492-9. 990.
24. Book: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. 1962. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 721.
25. Web site: Adélaïde Labille. Laura. Auricchio. 2003. Société Internationale pour l'Etude des Femmes de l'Ancien Régime. 2019-04-11.
26. Howell . Peter . 2004 . Douglas, John (1830–1911) . 10.1093/ref:odnb/52372.
27. The Wisconsin Magazine of History . 1 . 4 . Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth: First Hero of the Civil War . 351 . Ingraham . Charles A. . June 1918 . 4630106.
28. Book: Robert Elsie. Historical Dictionary of Albania: Second Edition. 2010. The Scarecrow Press, Inc.. 25. 9780810873803.
29. Oliver, Percy Lane (2004) 'Oliver, Percy Lane (1878–1944)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 5 May 2024.
30. News: Obituary: Masaru Ibuka . 22 July 2020 . The Independent . 22 December 1997 . en.
31. Book: Morkel, Ann . Dorothy Lewis Bernstein . Grinstein . Louise S. . Campbell . Paul J. . Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook . New York . Greenwood Press . 1987 . 978-0-3132-4849-8 . 17 . https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/17 .
32. Web site: Alberto Ginastera Argentine composer Britannica . www.britannica.com . 27 April 2022 . en.
33. Book: Harris M. Lentz. Obituaries in the performing arts, 2005: film, television, radio, theatre, dance, music, cartoons and pop culture. 2006. McFarland & Company. 978-0-7864-2489-4. 389.
34. Book: Nouvelles universitaires européennes. 1997. Bureau d'information des Communautés européennes. 14.
35. Web site: David M. Abshire, Who Helped Reagan Through Iran-Contra Scandal, Dies at 88 . Martin . Douglas . . November 3, 2014 . July 9, 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141108173050/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/04/us/david-m-abshire-who-helped-reagan-through-iran-contra-scandal-dies-at-88.html . November 8, 2014 . David Manker Abshire was born in Chattanooga, Tenn., on April 11, 1926.
36. News: Martin . Douglas . October 10, 2024 . Ethel Kennedy, Passionate Supporter of the Family Legacy, Dies at 96 . October 11, 2024 . The New York Times.
37. Web site: Anton LaVey Biography, Books, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 16 January 2021 . en.
38. Book: Brown, Jeannette E. . 2012 . African American Women Chemists . New York . Oxford University Press . 115 . 978-0-19974-288-2.
39. Web site: Hayward . Anthony . Shirley Stelfox obituary . The Guardian . 9 August 2023 . 9 December 2015.
40. Book: Gossett, Hattie. Presenting-- Sister Noblues. Firebrand Books. 1988. 0932379508. 9.
41. News: Green . Penelope . November 8, 2024 . Dorothy Allison, Author of ‘Bastard Out of Carolina,’ Dies at 75 . November 9, 2024 . The New York Times.
42. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/wayne-wigham/summary.html Rugby League Project
43. Web site: Βαμβακούλα . Χαρά . Ελένη Τσαλιγοπούλου: Γιατί να συνεργαστώ με τον Αργυρό; . Athens Voice . 16 February 2022 . 27 June 2022 . el.
44. Book: Europa Europa Publications. International Who's Who in Popular Music 2008. 2008. Routledge. 978-1-85743-454-5. 205.
45. Web site: Goldust . . 31 March 2023 . 11 August 2016.
46. Billboard: Italian Acts. Billboard. 2020-08-19. 1995-07-01.
47. Book: Graham Betts. Collins Complete UK Hit Singles 1952-2004. 2004. Collins. 978-0-00-717931-2. 534.
48. News: ECW Original Balls Mahoney Passes Away At Age 44 . Kenny . Williams . Wrestling News Source . April 12, 2016 . April 13, 2016.
49. Book: Drum: A Magazine of Africa for Africa. 2001. African Drum Publications. 57.
50. Encyclopedia: Marta Breen . Randi . Brenden . . 5 January 2024 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 17 March 2024.
51. Web site: Hefty fan club . Daily Pilot . 12 October 2020 . 15 April 2008.
52. Web site: Luis Flores Stats. Basketball-Reference.com.
53. Web site: Miss Haiti, Sarodj Bertin is now Reina Hispano Americana 2012 WENSHOW. https://web.archive.org/web/20141026094629/http://wenshow.me/2012/10/26/miss-haiti-sarodj-bertin-is-now-reina-hispano-americana-2012/. dead. 2014-10-26. 2014-10-26. 2018-05-03.
54. Web site: Brennan Poole. 21 April 2020.
55. Web site: Brandon Montour . 11 April 2024 . National Hockey League.
56. Web site: Dele Alli. soccerbase.com. 31 March 2020.
57. Web site: Calen Addison . 11 April 2024 . National Hockey League.
58. Web site: Milly Alcock. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://shanahan.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ALCOCK-Milly-081121.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live. Shanahan.com.au. 31 August 2022.
59. News: 카리나, 누가 찍어줬을까…화려한 비주얼→푸짐한 생일상 눈길 . 11 April 2024 . 텐아시아. ko . 25 October 2024.
60. Web site: FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Uruguay . FIFA . 30 . 18 December 2022 . 29 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221218195301/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf . 18 December 2022 . live.
61. Web site: Jake Fraser-McGurk . 12 November 2019 . ESPN Cricinfo.
62. Book: Július Bartl. Dusan Skvarna. Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. 2002. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. 978-0-86516-444-4. 29.
63. Book: Roger Turvey. Llywelyn the Great: Prince of Gwynedd. 2007. Gwasg Gomer. 978-1-84323-747-1. 134.
64. 박현규 (Park Hyun-kyu) . Choegeun balgul-doen Jungguk sojang Haedong gwallyeon geumseongmun: Goryeo-in Isseullam-gyodo Ramadan myobi . ko:최근 발굴된 중국 소장 海東 관련 금석문: 고려인 이슬람교도 剌馬丹 묘비 . A recently discovered Korea-related inscription in China: The epitaph of Ramadan, a Korean Muslim . 중국학논총 . 17 . 2004 . 309–324 . June 8, 2020 . .
65. Book: George Wilson Page. The descendants of Robart Page of the king's house: the probable English origins, ancestors, and relatives of George Page of Branford, Connecticut, and Thomas Page of Saco in the Province of Maine. 1992. G.W. Page. 112.
66. Web site: Wade Hampton Family & Term of Office Britannica . www.britannica.com . 18 March 2022 . en.
67. Encyclopedia: Axel Revold . . 23 August 2023. Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 18 March 2024.
68. Book: Susan Ware. Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. 2004. Harvard University Press. 978-0-674-01488-6. 163.
69. Web site: Kurt Vonnegut Biography, Facts, & Books . Encyclopedia Britannica . 16 April 2020 . en.
70. Hunt, Ken 2013 Sue Draheim: Widely admired folk violinist independent.co.uk.
71. News: John Horton Conway, a 'Magical Genius' in Math, Dies at 82. Siobhan. Roberts. The New York Times. April 17, 2020.
72. Benjamin . Jeff . 2024-04-12 . K-Pop Singer-Songwriter Park Boram Found Dead at 30 . 2024-04-13 . Billboard . en-US.
73. https://catholicreadings.org/saint-barsanuphius-of-gaza-saint-of-the-day-april-11/ "Saint Barsanuphius of Gaza"
74. http://www.boston-catholic-journal.com/roman-martrylogy-in-english/roman-martyrology-april-in-english.htm#April_11th Roman Martyrology