Appomattox campaign order of battle: Confederate explained

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the final military encounter of the American Civil War, the 1865 Appomattox campaign, which lasted from March 29 to April 9 and resulted in Confederate surrender on April 9 at the Appomattox Court House. Order of battle has been compiled from the army organization during the campaign.[1] [2] The Union order of battle is listed separately.

Abbreviations used

Military rank

Other

Army of Northern Virginia

See main article: Army of Northern Virginia. Gen Robert E. Lee, Commanding
Staff:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
Headquarters unitsEscort
  • 39th Virginia Cavalry Battalion: Cpt Samuel B. Brown
Provost Guard
Maj D. B. Bridgford
Engineers
Col T. M. R. Talcott
  • 1st Confederate Engineers
  • 2nd Confederate Engineers

First Corps

See main article: First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. LTG James Longstreet
Staff:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
Pickett's Division


    MG George E. Pickett

Steuart's Brigade
  BG George H. Steuart
Corse's Brigade
  BG Montgomery D. Corse (c, April 6)
  Col Arthur Herbert
Hunton's Brigade
  BG Eppa Hunton (c, April 6)
  Maj Michael P. Spessard
Terry's Brigade
  BG William R. Terry (w, March 31)
  Col Joseph Mayo, Jr.
  Maj William W. Bentley
Field's Division


    MG Charles W. Field

Perry's Brigade
  BG William F. Perry
  • 4th Alabama Infantry: Ltc Lawrence H. Scruggs
  • 15th Alabama Infantry: Col Alexander A. Lowther
  • 44th Alabama Infantry: Ltc John A. Jones
  • 47th Alabama Infantry: Cpt Eli D. Clower
  • 48th Alabama Infantry: Maj John W. Wigginton
Anderson's Brigade
  BG George T. Anderson
  • 7th Georgia Infantry: Col George H. Carmical
  • 8th Georgia Infantry: Col John R. Towers
  • 9th Georgia Infantry: Maj John W. Arnold
  • 11th Georgia Infantry: Cpt William H. Ramsey
  • 59th Georgia Infantry: Col Jack Brown
Benning's Brigade
  BG Henry L. Benning
  • 2nd Georgia Infantry: Cpt Thomas Chaffin,jr.
  • 15th Georgia Infantry: Maj Peter J. Shannon
  • 17th Georgia Infantry: Maj James B. Moore
  • 20th Georgia Infantry
Gregg's Brigade
  Col R. M. Powell
Bratton's Brigade
  BG John Bratton
  • 1st South Carolina Infantry: Col James R. Hagood
  • 5th South Carolina Infantry: Col Asbury Coward
  • 6th South Carolina Infantry: Col John M. Steedman
  • 2nd South Carolina Rifles: Col Robert E. Bowen
  • Palmetto (South Carolina) Sharpshooters
Kershaw's Division[3]


    MG Joseph B. Kershaw (c, April 6)

DuBose's Brigade
  BG Dudley M. DuBose (c, April 6)
  Cpt J. F. Espy
  • 16th Georgia Infantry: Lt William W. Montgomery
  • 18th Georgia Infantry: Cpt J. F. Espy, Lt Gideon J. Lasseter
  • 24th Georgia Infantry: Cpt J. A. Jarrard
  • 3rd Georgia Sharpshooters Battalion
  • Cobb's (Georgia) Legion: Lt W. G. Steed
  • Philip's (Georgia) Legion: Lt A. J. Reese
Humphrey's Brigade
  Col William H. Fitzgerald (c, April 6)
  Cpt Gwin R. Cherry
  • 13th Mississippi Infantry: Lt W. H. Davis
  • 17th Mississippi Infantry: Cpt Gwin R. Cherry
  • 18th Mississippi Infantry: Lt John W. Gower
  • 21st Mississippi Infantry: Lt Benjamin George
Simms' Brigade
  BG James P. Simms (c, April 6)
  Cpt George W. Waldron
Artillery


    BG Edward P. Alexander

Cabell's Battalion[4]
  Maj S. P. Hamilton
  • Pulaski (Georgia) Artillery
  • Carlton's (Georgia) Battery
  • 1st Company Richmond Howitzers (Virginia)
  • Manly's (North Carolina) Battery
Huger's Battalion
  Maj Tyler C. Jordan
  • Madison Louisiana Light Artillery: Lt George Poindexter
  • Fickling's (South Carolina) Battery: Lt E. L. Purse
  • Parker's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Edwin S. Wooldridge
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt John Donneli Smith
  • Taylor's (Virginia) Battery: Lt John H. Weddell
  • Virginia Battery: Lt James Woolfolk
Haskell's Battalion
  Maj John C. Haskell
  • North Carolina Battery: Cpt Henry G. Flanner
  • Ramsay's (North Carolina) Battery: Lt Jesse F. Woodard
  • South Carolina Battery: Cpt Hugh R. Garden
  • Lamkin's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Fletcher T. Massie

Second Corps

See main article: Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. MG John B. Gordon
Staff:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
Formerly Ramseur's Division


    MG Bryan Grimes

Battle's Brigade
  Col Edwin L. Hobson
  • 3rd Alabama Infantry: Cpt Cornelius Robinson, Jr.
  • 5th Alabama Infantry: Col Edwin L. Hobson, Cpt Thomas M. Riley
  • 6th Alabama Infantry: Maj Isaac F. Culver
  • 12th Alabama Infantry: Cpt Poleman D. Rose
  • 61st Alabama Infantry: Cpt Augustus B. Fanin, jr
Grimes' Brigade
  Col David G. Cowand
  • 32nd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt P. C. Shuford
  • 43rd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Wiley J. Cobb
  • 45th North Carolina Infantry: Col John R. Winston
  • 53rd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Thomas E. Ashcraft
  • 2nd North Carolina Battalion
Cox's Brigade
  BG William Ruffin Cox
  • 1st North Carolina Infantry: Maj Louis C. Latham
  • 2nd North Carolina Infantry: Maj James T. Scales
  • 3rd North Carolina: Maj William T. Ennett
  • 4th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt John B. Forcum
  • 14th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc William A. Johnston.
  • 30th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt David C. Allen
Cook's Brigade
  Ltc Edwin A. Nash
  • 4th Georgia: Col Edwin A. Nash, Cpt John M. Shiver
  • 12th Georgia: Cpt Josiah N. Beall
  • 21st Georgia: Cpt Edward Smith
  • 44th Georgia: Cpt John A. Tucker
  • Co.B - Sumter Georgia Artillery
Archer's Battalion[5]
  Ltc Fletcher H. Archer
  • 3rd Battalion Virginia Reserves: Cpt Joseph A. Rogers
  • 44th Virginia Battalion: Cpt A. B. Morrison
Formerly J. Pegram's Division


    BG James A. Walker

R.D. Johnston's Brigade
  Col John W. Lea
  • 5th North Carolina Infantry: Col John W. Lea, Cpt James M. Taylor
  • 12th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt P. Durham
  • 20th North Carolina Infantry: Lt Archibald F. Lawhon
  • 23rd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Abner D. Peace
  • 1st North Carolina Sharpshooters Battalion: Lt R. W. Woodruff
Lewis' Brigade
  BG William G. Lewis (w, April 7)
  Cpt John Beard
  • 6th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Joseph H. Dickey
  • 21st North Carolina Infantry: Cpt John H. Miller
  • 54th North Carolina Infantry
  • 57th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt John Beard
Walker's Brigade
  Maj Henry K. Douglas
Gordon's Division


    BG Clement A. Evans

Evans' Brigade
  Col John H. Lowe
  • 13th Georgia Infantry: Ltc Richard Maltbie
  • 26th Georgia Infantry: Cpt James Knox
  • 31st Georgia Infantry: Cpt Edward C. Perry
  • 38th Georgia Infantry: Ltc Philip E. Davant
  • 60th Georgia Infantry: Col Waters B. Jones
  • 61st Georgia Infantry: Col Waters B. Jones
  • 9th Georgia Artillery Battalion: Sgt. Horace L. Cranford
  • 12th Georgia Artillery Battalion: Cpt Samuel H. Crump
  • 18th Georgia Battalion: Cpt George W. Stiles
Terry's Brigade
  Col Titus V. Williams
York's Brigade
  Col Eugene Waggaman
Artillery


    BG Armistead L. Long

Nelson's Battalion
  Ltc William Nelson
Braxton's Battalion
  Ltc Carter M. Braxton
Cutshaw's Battalion
  Cpt C. W. Fry
  • Jeff Davis (Alabama) Artillery
  • King William (Virginia) Artillery
  • Morris (Virginia) Artillery
  • Orange (Virginia) Artillery
  • Staunton (Virginia) Artillery
  • Richmond Howitzers, 2nd Company
Hardaway's Battalion
  Ltc Robert A. Hardaway
  • Powhatan Artillery (Virginia)
  • 3rd Company, Richmond Howitzers (Virginia)
  • Rockbridge Artillery (Virginia)
  • Salem Flying Artillery (Virginia)
Johnson's Battalion
  Ltc Marmaduke Johnson
  • Clutter's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Lucas McIntosh.
  • Fredericksburg Artillery (Virginia): Cpt John G. Pollock
Lightfoot's Battalion
  
  • Caroline Artillery (Virginia)
  • Nelson Artillery (Virginia)
  • Surry Artillery (Virginia)
Stark's Battalion
  Ltc Alexander W. Stark
  • Louisiana Guard Battery (Green's)
  • McComas Artillery/French's Battery (Virginia): Cpt David A. French
  • Armistead's Battery/Matthew's Artillery (Virginia): Cpt Andrew D. Armistead

Third Corps

See main article: Third Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. LTG A. P. Hill (k, April 2)[6]

Provost Guard

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
Mahone's Division


    MG William Mahone

Forney's Brigade
  BG William H. Forney
Weisiger's Brigade
  BG David A. Weisiger
Harris' Brigade
  BG Nathaniel H. Harris
Sorrel's Brigade
  Col George E. Tayloe
  • 3rd Georgia Infantry: Ltc Claiborne Snead
  • 22nd Georgia Infantry: Cpt George W. Thomas
  • 48th Georgia Infantry: Cpt Alexander C. Flanders
  • 64th Georgia Infantry: Cpt James G. Brown
  • 2nd Georgia Battalion: Maj Charles J. Moffett
  • 10th Georgia Battalion: Cpt Caleb F. Hill
Finegan's Brigade
  BG Theodore W. Brevard, Jr. (c, April 6)
  Col David Lang
Heth's Division


    MG Henry Heth

Davis' Brigade
  BG Joseph R. Davis
Cooke's Brigade
  BG John R. Cooke
  • 15th North Carolina Infantry: Col William H. Yarborough
  • 27th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc Joseph C. Webb
  • 46th North Carolina Infantry: Col William L. Saunders
  • 48th North Carolina Infantry: Col Samuel H. Walkup
  • 55th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Walter A. Whitted
MacRae's Brigade
  BG William MacRae
McComb's Brigade
  BG William McComb
  • 2nd Maryland Battalion: Cpt John W. Torsch
  • 1st Tennessee Infantry (Provisional Army): Maj Felix G. Buchanan
  • 7th Tennessee Infantry: Ltc Samuel G. Shepard
  • 14th Tennessee Infantry: Maj James H. Johnson
  • 17th Tennessee Infantry: Col Horace Ready
  • 23rd Tennessee Infantry: Col Horace Ready
  • 25th Tennessee Infantry
  • 44th Tennessee Infantry
  • 63rd Tennessee Infantry
Wilcox's Division


    MG Cadmus M. Wilcox

Thomas' Brigade
  BG Edward L. Thomas
  • 14th Georgia Infantry: Col Richard P. Lester
  • 35th Georgia Infantry: Col Bolling H. Holt
  • 45th Georgia Infantry: Col Thomas J. Simmons
  • 49th Georgia Infantry: Maj James B. Duggan
Lane's Brigade
  BG James H. Lane
  • 18th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Thomas J. Wooten
  • 28th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt T. James Linebarger
  • 33rd North Carolina Infantry: Col Robert V. Cowan
  • 37th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Jackson L. Bost
McGowan's Brigade
  BG Samuel McGowan
Scales' Brigade
  Col Joseph H. Hyman
  • 13th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc E. Benton Withers
  • 16th North Carolina Infantry: Col William A. Stowe
  • 22nd North Carolina Infantry: Col Thomas S. Galloway, jr
  • 34th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc George M. Norment
  • 38th North Carolina Infantry: Col John Ashford, Ltc George W. Flowers
Artillery


    Col R. Lindsay Walker

McIntosh's Battalion
  Ltc William M. Owen
  • Hurt's (Alabama) Battery: Lt George A. Ferrell
  • 1st Battery, Washington Artillery (Louisiana): Cpt Edward Owen
  • Chew's (Maryland) Battery
  • Chamberlayne's (Virginia) Battery
  • Donald's (Virginia) Battery: Lt William T. Wilson
  • Rockbridge (Virginia) Artillery, 2nd Battery: Cpt Berryman Z. Price
Pegram's Battalion
  Col William J. Pegram (mw, April 2)
  Ltc Joseph McGraw
  • South Carolina Battery: Cpt Thomas E. Gregg
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt George M. Cayce
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt Thomas Ellett
  • Brander's (Virginia) Battery: Lt James E. Tyler
Poague's Battalion
  Ltc William T. Poague
  • Richards' (Mississippi) Battery: Lt John W. Yeargain
  • North Carolina Battery: Cpt Arthur B. Williams
  • Albemarle (Virginia) Artillery: Cpt Charles F. Johnston
  • Brooke (Virginia) Artillery: Cpt Addison W. Utterback
  • Lewis' (Virginia) Battery: Cpt Nathan Penick
Thirteenth Virginia Battalion
  no commander listed[7]
  • Otey Battery: Cpt David N. Walker
  • Ringgoldi Battery: Cpt Grispin Dickenson
Richardson's Battalion
  Ltc Charles Richardson
Lane's Battalion
  Maj John Lane
  • Ross' (Georgia) Battery
  • Patterson's (Georgia) Battery
  • Irwin (Georgia) Artillery
Washington Artillery
  Ltc Benjamin F. Eshleman
  • 1st Company (Louisiana)
  • 2nd Company (Louisiana)
  • 3rd Company (Louisiana)
  • 4th Company (Louisiana)

Fourth Corps

See main article: Fourth Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. LTG Richard H. Anderson[8]

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
Johnson's Division


    MG Bushrod R. Johnson[9]
    BG William H. Wallace

Wallace's Brigade
  BG William H. Wallace
  • 17th South Carolina Infantry: Cpt E. A. Crawford
  • 18th South Carolina Infantry: Ltc W. B. Allison
  • 22nd South Carolina Infantry: Col William G. Burt
  • 23rd South Carolina Infantry: Ltc John M. Kinloch
  • 26th South Carolina Infantry: Maj Ceth S. Land
  • Holcombe (South Carolina) Legion
Moody's Brigade
  BG Young M. Moody (c, April 8)
  Col Martin L. Stansel
Wise's Brigade
  BG Henry A. Wise
Ransom's Brigade
  BG Matthew W. Ransom
  • 24th North Carolina Infantry
  • 25th North Carolina Infantry: Col Henry M. Rutledge
  • 35th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Robert E. Petty
  • 49th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Charles Q. Petty
  • 56th North Carolina Infantry: Col Paul F. Faison
Artillery


    Col Hilary P. Jones

Coit's Battalion
  Maj James C. Coit
  • Wright's (Virginia) Battery
  • Pegram's (Virginia) Battery
  • Bradford's (Mississippi) Battery
Blount's Battalion
  Maj Joseph G. Blount
  • Georgia Battalion: Cpt C. W. Slaten
  • Cumming's (North Carolina) Battery: Lt Alexander D. Brown
  • Miller's (North Carolina) Battery
  • Young's (Virginia) Battery
Stribling's Battalion
  Maj Robert M. Stribling
  • Dickerson's (Virginia) Battery
  • Marshall's (Virginia) Battery: Lt T. Marshall Archer
  • Macon's (Virginia) Battery
  • Sullivan's (Virginia) Battery: Lt William S. Archer
Smith's Battalion
  Cpt William F. Dement
  • 1st Maryland Battery: Lt John Gale
  • Johnston's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Thomas R. Adams
  • Neblett's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Robert J. Braswell
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt John W. Drewry
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt Thomas Kevill
Sturdivant's Battalion
  Cpt N. A. Sturdivant
  • Martin's (Virginia) Battery
  • Sturdivant's (Virginia) Battery

Cavalry Corps

See main article: Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. MG Fitzhugh Lee

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
Fitzhugh Lee's Division


    Col Thomas T. Munford

Munford's Brigade
Payne's Brigade
  BG William H. F. Payne (w, March 30)
  Col Reuben B. Boston (k, April 6)
Gary's Brigade
  BG Martin W. Gary
W. H. F. Lee's Division


    MG William. H. F. Lee

Barringer's Brigade
  BG Rufus Barringer (c, April 3)
Beale's Brigade
  Cpt Samuel H. Burt
Robert's Brigade
  BG William P. Roberts
  • 4th North Carolina Cavalry
  • 16th North Carolina Cavalry Battalion
Rosser's Division


    MG Thomas L. Rosser

Dearing's Brigade
  BG James Dearing (mw, April 6)
  Col Asher W. Harman
McCausland's Brigade
Horse Artillery


    Ltc R. Preston Chew

Breathed's Battalion
  Maj James Breathed
  • Johnston's (Virginia) Battery
  • Shoemaker's (Virginia) Battery
  • Thomson's (Virginia) Battery
Chew's Battalion
  • Graham's (Virginia) Battery
  • McGregor's (Virginia) Battery

Department of Richmond

LTG Richard S. Ewell (c, April 6)
Ltc Thomas J. Spencer

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
G. W. C. Lee's Division
    MG G.W.C. Lee (c, April 6)[10]
Barton's Brigade
  BG Seth M. Barton (c, April 6)
  • 40th Virginia Infantry
  • 47th and 50th Virginia Infantry
  • 22nd Virginia Infantry Battalion
  • 25th Virginia Infantry Battalion
Moore's Brigade
  BG Patrick T. Moore[11]
  • 2nd Virginia Local Defense Troops
  • 3rd Virginia Local Defense Troops
  • 1st Virginia Reserves
  • 2nd Virginia Reserves
  • 1st Virginia Reserves Battalion: Ltc Richard T.W. Duke (c, April 6)
  • 2nd Virginia Reserves Battalion
Artillery Brigade
  Col Stapleton Crutchfield (k, April 6)
  2nd Lt Kena K. Chapman[12]
  • 10th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 18th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 19th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 20th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 18th Georgia Heavy Artillery Battalion
Other unitsDrewry's Bluff garrison
  Maj F. W. Smith (k, April 5)
  • Young's Howitzers (Virginia)
  • Johnston (Eppes) Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • Neblett's Artillery (Virginia)
  • Lunenburg Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • Pamunkey Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • Southside Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • United Artillery/Kevill's Company (Virginia)
Naval Brigade
  Commodore John R. Tucker (c, April 6)
  • Composed of sailors from the James River Squadron
Unattached units
  • Chaffin's Bluff: Ltc J. M. Maury
  • Marines: Cpt John D. Simms (c, April 6)

Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and others
First Military District


    BG Henry A. Wise

Petersburg
  Maj W. H. Ker
  • 3rd Virginia Reserves Battalion
  • 44th Virginia Battalion
Unattached units
  • Hood's Battalion, Virginia Militia
  • Second-class militia
  • Independent Signal Corps

References

Notes and References

  1. Official Records, Series I, Volume XLVI, Part 1, pages 1267-1276
  2. Multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the campaign.
  3. During the retreat Kershaw's and G. W. C. Lee's divisions, with other troops from the defenses of Richmond, were commanded by Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell.
  4. This artillery battalion were shown on the Army of Northern Virginia returns for March 31, but do not enumerated on the Appomattox paroles.
  5. Temporarily attached during the retreat.
  6. The Corps was attached to the First Corps on April 2, after the death of General Hill.
  7. Marvel, p. 226.
  8. Relieved of command, April 8. Johnson's Division was reassigned to the Second Corps on April 8.
  9. Relieved of command, April 8.
  10. by Pvt. David D. White, 37th Massachusetts Infantry or Pvt. Harris Hawthorn, 121st New York Infantry
  11. Apparently did not accompany his command on the retreat
  12. Marvel, p. 195.