Appleby-in-Westmorland explained

Static Image Name:Appleby Market Square.jpg
Static Image Caption:Boroughgate (2004)
Static Image 2 Caption:Flag
Country:England
Official Name:Appleby-in-Westmorland
Coordinates:54.577°N -2.485°W
Label Position:left
Population:3,048
Population Ref:(2011)
Civil Parish:Appleby-in-Westmorland
Lieutenancy England:Cumbria
Region:North West England
Constituency Westminster:Penrith and The Border
Post Town:APPLEBY-IN-WESTMORLAND
Postcode District:CA16
Postcode Area:CA
Dial Code:017683
Os Grid Reference:NY6820
Website:http://applebytown.org.uk/
Pushpin Map:United Kingdom Eden
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Eden, Cumbria

Appleby-in-Westmorland is a market town and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, with a population of 3,048 at the 2011 Census.[1] Crossed by the River Eden, Appleby is the county town of the historic county of Westmorland. It was known just as Appleby until 1974–1976, when the council of the successor parish to the borough changed it to retain the name Westmorland, which was abolished as an administrative area under the Local Government Act 1972, before being revived as Westmorland and Furness in 2023.[2] It lies 14miles south-east of Penrith, 32miles south-east of Carlisle, 27miles north-east of Kendal and 45miles west of Darlington.

History

The town's name derives from the Old English æppel-by, meaning "farm or settlement with apple trees".[3]

St Lawrence's Parish Church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. Appleby Castle was founded by Ranulf le Meschin in the early 12th century. The Borough followed by royal charter in 1179 and the Moot Hall was built about 1596.[4] Surviving timbers in the roof had been felled between 1571 and 1596.[5] In the Second English Civil War Appleby was placed under a siege, in which the Regicide Major General Thomas Harrison was wounded.

Appleby Grammar School dates from two chantry bequests in 1286.[6] It was incorporated by Letters Patent of Queen Elizabeth in 1574.[6] George Washington's father and two half-brothers, born in Virginia, were educated at Appleby Grammar School. He would have followed, but his father died suddenly in 1743, just as he reached the age when the two older boys had made the voyage.[7]

Economy

Appleby is overlooked by the privately owned Appleby Castle, a largely Norman structure that served as home to Lady Anne Clifford in the 17th century. Appleby's main industry is tourism, through its history, remoteness and scenery, and its proximity to the Lake District, North Pennines, Swaledale and Howgill Fells.[8]

From 1973 Ferguson Industrial Holdings Plc was based at Appleby Castle.[9] [10] [11] WA Developments Limited, now Stobart Rail Limited, was long based in Appleby as a civil engineering firm founded by Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart, specialising in railway maintenance.[12]

Appleby's economy is based mainly on the service sector, in small firms, eating houses and pubs. The private shops include butchers, grocers, bakers and newsagents.[13] Appleby Creamery makes premium, hand-made cheeses, including Eden Valley Brie.[14]

Events

Appleby and nearby villages host old-established events such as Warcop rushbearing, dating back at least to 1716.[15]

The four-day Appleby Horse Fair is held on the first weekend of June.[16]

Appleby Agricultural Society, founded in 1841, puts on an annual show.[17] From 1989 to 2007 it hosted the Appleby Jazz Festival.[18]

Other local events are listed on the community website.[19]

Governance

Appleby was a parliamentary borough from medieval times, electing two Members of Parliament (MPs). By the 18th century it was a pocket borough, whose members were effectively in the gift of the Lowther family. They included William Pitt the Younger, who was MP for Appleby when he became Prime Minister in 1783, although he stood down in the next general election, preferring to take a Cambridge University seat.[20]

A later Appleby member was Viscount Howick, later as Earl Grey the Prime Minister under whom the Great Reform Act of 1832 was passed. However, that did not save it from losing both members under the Act. As the only county town disenfranchised, Appleby was a controversial case in the debates on the Reform Bill, where the opposition attempted vainly to save it at least one MP. It gained a new charter in 1885.[21]

The town remained a municipal borough until such status was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972.[22] It was superseded by Eden district, based in Penrith.[23]

Appleby was the county town of Westmorland. The Courts of Assise met at the Shire Hall there,[24] [25] although the former county council sat at the County Hall in Kendal.[26]

Present

Appleby today is in the parliamentary constituency of Penrith and the Border. At the 2019 general election, the Conservative Neil Hudson was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP), replacing Rory Stewart. While the UK remained in the European Union, Appleby was in the North West England European Parliament constituency.[27]

For local government purposes it now forms part of Westmorland and Furness unitary authority. It formerly bridged the Appleby and Bongate wards of Eden District Council and the Appleby Ward of Cumbria County Council. Its own parish council is named Appleby-in-Westmorland Town Council.[28]

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Border. Television signals are received from the Caldbeck TV transmitter. [29] Appleby's local radio stations are BBC Radio Cumbria on 95.6 FM, Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland on 102.5 FM, and community based station Eden FM Radio which broadcast from its studios in Penrith on 107.5 FM. [30] The town's local newspapers are Cumberland and Westmorland Herald and The Westmorland Gazette. [31] [32]

Transport

Appleby railway station is on the Settle-Carlisle Line. It was opened by the Midland Railway in 1876. Appleby East station was built nearby by the North Eastern Railway.[33] Appleby East closed in 1962.[34]

Notable people

A chronological list of notables from Appleby with a Wikipedia page:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Parish population 2011 . 5 February 2019 . . 7 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015410/https://www.eden.gov.uk/media/1952/edb-area-profile-appleby.pdf . live.
  2. News: Eric Pickles's championing of traditional English counties is something we can all get behind . Simon . Kelner . 23 April 2013 . . 19 September 2017 . 24 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171024100207/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/eric-pickless-championing-of-traditional-english-counties-is-something-we-can-all-get-behind-8568394.html . live.
  3. Web site: Key to English Place-names . kepn.nottingham.ac.uk.
  4. Web site: The Moot Hall, Appleby-in-Westmorland: An Architectural Investigation and Assessment of Significance. Historic England Research Report 25/2018 . Marion. Barter. Dan. Elsworth . 2018 . research.historicengland.org.uk . 2020-05-10 . 24 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201024002033/https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=16023&ru=%2FResults.aspx%3Fp%3D1&n=10&rn=25&ry=2018&ns=1 . live.
  5. Web site: Moot Hall, Boroughgate, Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria: Tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating of oak timbers. Historic England Research Report 14/2018 . Alison. Arnold. Robert. Howard. Cathy. Tyers . 2018 . research.historicengland.org.uk . 2020-05-10 . 24 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201024004731/https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=16011&ru=%2FResults.aspx%3Fp%3D1&n=10&rn=14&ry=2018&ns=1 . live.
  6. J. H. . Higginson . British Journal of Educational Studies . 24 . 1 . 1976 . 98–99 . Reviewed Work: Appleby Grammar School by Edgar Hinchcliffe . 10.2307/3120766 . 3120766.
  7. News: . 25 September 2009 . George Washington and Appleby Grammar School . 5 February 2019 . 29 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180929035508/http://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/george-washington-and-appleby-grammar-school.333683.html . live.
  8. Book: Tourism in Appleby, Keswick and Sedbergh. Brian H. . Archer. D. R.. Jones. 1977. Institute of Economic Research, University College of North Wales.
  9. News: Industrialist who first opened Appleby Castle . . 26 October 2002 . 9 September 2019 . 14 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200214180825/https://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/industrialist-who-first-opened-appleby-castle.228771.html . live.
  10. Book: Hurst, John . Come Back to Eden: Lakeland's Northern Neighbour . Sigma Leisure . 2000 . 9781850587057.
  11. Book: Holmes, Martin . 1974 . Ferguson Industrial Holdings Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne . Appleby Castle.
  12. News: . 2,000 job companies prepare to quit Eden . 21 January 2006 . 9 September 2019 . 14 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200214143441/https://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/2-000-job-companies-prepare-to-quit-eden.281094.html . live.
  13. Web site: Visit Appleby - Shopping. 30 June 2021 . 24 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210124225343/http://visitappleby.com/shopping/ . live.
  14. Web site: Appleby Creamery. . 17 July 2021 . 5 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205015035/https://applebycreamery.co.uk/ . live.
  15. Web site: Episodes from Rushbearing at Musgrave and Warcop . Richard . Willcock . 14 November 2015 . 5 February 2019 . 7 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015240/https://musgravechurchfield.uk/a/19737612-22910839 . live.
  16. Web site: Appleby Horse Fair . 13 September 2019 . 23 April 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090423082737/http://www.applebyfair.org/ . live .
  17. Book: de Silva, Carrie . A Short History of Agricultural Education and Research . 2013 . Harper Adams University . Newport, Shropshire, UK . 16 September 2018 . 16 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180916235632/https://kipdf.com/a-short-history-of-agricultural-education-and-research_5ac6651a1723dd82016371cb.html . live.
  18. Web site: Appleby Jazz Festival . 31 March 2022.
  19. Web site: Appleby and Eden Valley Events: What's on in Appleby-in-Westmorland . 13 September 2019 . 24 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200524012739/http://appleby-in-westmorland.org/calendar.htm . live.
  20. Web site: 10 Downing Street – PMs in history – William Pitt 'The Younger' 1783–1801 and 1804-6 . Number10.gov.uk . 23 April 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080807175552/http://www.number10.gov.uk/output/Page161.asp . 7 August 2008 .
  21. "Appleby" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 491.
  22. Web site: Appleby MB. Vision of Britain. 26 March 2023.
  23. Web site: Planning application full details: Appleby Ward. 26 March 2023.
  24. Web site: Appleby Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan . 1 February 2022. Eden District Council . 59. 26 March 2023.
  25. Web site: A Tour In Westmorland . Sir Clement . Jones. 1948 . Titus, Wilson & Son. Kendal.
  26. Book: Holloway, Norman. Kendal Through Time. Amberley Publishing. 2012. 978-1445608129.
  27. Web site: Your MEPs: North West. European Parliament Information Office in the United Kingdom. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130213033802/http://www.europarl.org.uk/view/en/your_MEPs/List-MEPs-by-region/North-West.html. 13 February 2013.
  28. Web site: Home . 9 September 2019 . 25 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190825105509/https://applebytown.org/ . live.
  29. Web site: Full Freeview on the Caldbeck (Cumbria, England) transmitter. 1 May 2004. UK Free TV. 2 October 2023.
  30. Web site: Eden FM . 26 September 2023.
  31. Web site: Cumberland and Westmorland Herald. 18 August 2013. British Papers. 2 October 2023.
  32. Web site: The Westmorland Gazette. 15 November 2013. British Papers. 2 October 2023.
  33. Web site: Appleby East Station .
  34. Book: The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Volume Three Leeds to Carlisle. 2016. Stanley C.. Jenkins. Martin. Loader. Amberley Publishing. 978-1445643861.
  35. Web site: Lady Anne Clifford. English Heritage. 26 March 2023.
  36. Web site: Balow, Thomas. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 26 March 2023.
  37. Web site: John Boste. St Anthony's and St Aidan's Catholic Sixth Form. 26 March 2023.
  38. News: Eddie lets go of wheel. 22 October 2003. The Westmorland Gazette. 26 March 2023.
  39. News: 'I'm still Gavin Skelton, the farmer’s son from Appleby'. 9 May 2014. Times and Star. 26 March 2023.
  40. News: Appleby supports Strictly Come Dancing's Helen Skelton. 9 October 2022. Cumberland and Westmorland Gazette . 26 March 2023.

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