Apophyllite Explained

Apophyllite
Category:Phyllosilicate
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Formula:(K,Na)Ca4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O
Imasymbol:Apo[1]
Color:Usually white, colorless; also blue, green, brown, yellow, pink, violet
Habit:Prismatic, tabular, massive
System:Tetragonal
Symmetry:P4/mnc
Cleavage:Perfect on (001)
Fracture:Uneven
Mohs:4.5–5
Luster:Vitreous; pearly
Refractive:1.536
Birefringence:0.000–0.003
Pleochroism:Dichroic (colorless)
Streak:White
Gravity:2.3–2.4
Diaphaneity:Transparent to translucent
Other: Radioactive 4.37% (K)
References:[2] [3]

The name apophyllite refers to a specific group of phyllosilicates, a class of minerals. Originally, the group name referred to a specific mineral, but was redefined in 1978 to stand for a class of minerals of similar chemical makeup that comprise a solid solution series, and includes the members fluorapophyllite-(K), fluorapophyllite-(Na), hydroxyapophyllite-(K). The name apophyllite is derived from the Greek, meaning 'it flakes off', a reference to this class's tendency to flake apart when heated, due to water loss. Exfoliation of apophyllite is also possible by treating it with acids or simply by rubbing it. These minerals are typically found as secondary minerals in vesicles in basalt or other volcanic rocks. A recent change (2008) in the nomenclature system used for this group was approved by the International Mineralogical Association, removing the prefixes from the species names and using suffixes to designate the species.[4] A subsequent nomenclature change approved by the International Mineralogical Association in 2013 renamed the minerals to include both suffixes and prefixes, as shown above.[5]

Though relatively unfamiliar to the general public, apophyllites are fairly prevalent around the world, with specimens coming from some of the world's most well-known mineral localities. These localities include: Jalgaon, India; the Harz Mountains of Germany, Mont Saint-Hilaire in Canada, and Kongsberg, Norway, with other locations in Scotland, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, and throughout the United States.

Structure

Apophyllite has an unusual structure for a phyllosilicate. Whereas most phyllosilicates have a T layer (silica backbone) consisting of interlocked 6-fold rings of silica tetrahedra, with pseudohexagonal symmetry, the T layer in apophyllite consists of interlocked 4-fold and 8-fold rings of silica tetrahedra with true tetragonal symmetry.[6] [7]

Species

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Warr. L.N.. 2021. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 85. 3. 291–320. 10.1180/mgm.2021.43. 2021MinM...85..291W. 235729616. free.
  2. Web site: Radioactive Gems: ClassicGems.net.
  3. http://webmineral.com/data/Apophyllite.shtml Apophyllite data on Webmineral
  4. Burke, E.A.J. (2008): Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks. Mineral. Rec., 39, 131–135.http://rruff.info/uploads/MR39_131.pdf
  5. Hatert. Frederic. Mills. Stuart J.. Pasero. Marco. Williams. Peter A.. 2013. CNMNC guidelines for the use of suffixes and prefixes in mineral nomenclature, and for the preservation of historical names. European Journal of Mineralogy. 25. 1. 113–115. 10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2267. 2013EJMin..25..113H. 2268/136406.
  6. Book: Klein . Cornelis . Hurlbut . Cornelius S. Jr. . Manual of mineralogy: (after James D. Dana) . 1993 . Wiley . New York . 047157452X . 21st . 522–523.
  7. Ståhl . Kenny . A neutron powder diffraction study of partially dehydrated fluorapophyllite, KCa4Si8O20F.6.9H2O . European Journal of Mineralogy . 1 January 1993 . 5 . 5 . 845–850 . 10.1127/ejm/5/5/0845. 1993EJMin...5..845S .
  8. http://www.mindat.org/min-1573.html Apophyllite-(KF) on Mindat
  9. http://www.mindat.org/min-1989.html Apophyllite-(KOH) on Mindat
  10. http://www.mindat.org/min-2851.html Apophyllite-(NaF) on Mindat
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