Apolipoprotein C-IV explained

Apolipoprotein C-IV, also known as apolipoprotein C4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC4 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

APOC4 is a member of the apolipoprotein C gene family. It is expressed in the liver and has a predicted protein structure characteristic of the other genes in this family. APOC4 is a 3.3-kb gene consisting of 3 exons and 2 introns; it is located 0.5 kb 5' to the APOC2 gene.^[1]

Further reading

• Kim E, Li K, Lieu C . Expression of apolipoprotein C-IV is regulated by Ku antigen/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma complex and correlates with liver steatosis. . J. Hepatol. . 49 . 5 . 787–98 . 2008 . 18809223 . 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.06.029 . 2644636 . etal.
• Burkhardt R, Kenny EE, Lowe JK . Common SNPs in HMGCR in micronesians and whites associated with LDL-cholesterol levels affect alternative splicing of exon13 . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 28 . 11 . 2078–84 . 2008 . 18802019 . 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.172288 . 2764366 . etal.
• Willer CJ, Sanna S, Jackson AU . Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease . Nat. Genet. . 40 . 2 . 161–9 . 2008 . 18193043 . 10.1038/ng.76 . etal. 5206900 .
• Mak PA, Laffitte BA, Desrumaux C . Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in murine and human macrophages. A critical role for nuclear liver X receptors alpha and beta . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 35 . 31900–8 . 2002 . 12032151 . 10.1074/jbc.M202993200 . etal. free .
• Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA . Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry . J. Proteome Res. . 4 . 6 . 2070–80 . 2005. 16335952 . 10.1021/pr0502065 . 1850943. etal.
• Kathiresan S, Willer CJ, Peloso GM . Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia . Nat. Genet. . 41 . 1 . 56–65 . 2009 . 19060906 . 10.1038/ng.291 . 2881676. etal.
• Mosbruger TL, Duggal P, Goedert JJ . Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus . J. Infect. Dis. . 201 . 9 . 1371–80 . 2010 . 20331378 . 10.1086/651606 . 2853721 . etal.
• Ken-Dror G, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Drenos F . APOE/C1/C4/C2 gene cluster genotypes, haplotypes and lipid levels in prospective Coronary Heart Disease Risk among UK healthy men . Molecular Medicine . 16. 9–10. 389–99 . 2010 . 20498921 . 10.2119/molmed.2010.00044 . 2935949 .
• Marques-Vidal P, Bochud M, Paccaud F . No interaction between alcohol consumption and HDL-related genes on HDL cholesterol levels . Atherosclerosis . 211 . 2 . 551–7 . 2010 . 20430392 . 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.001 . etal.
• Talmud PJ, Drenos F, Shah S . Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 85 . 5 . 628–42 . 2009 . 19913121 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.014 . 2775832. etal.
• Drenos F, Talmud PJ, Casas JP . Integrated associations of genotypes with multiple blood biomarkers linked to coronary heart disease risk . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 18 . 12 . 2305–16 . 2009 . 19336475 . 10.1093/hmg/ddp159 . 2685759. etal.
• Kathiresan S, Melander O, Guiducci C . Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans . Nat. Genet. . 40 . 2 . 189–97 . 2008 . 18193044 . 10.1038/ng.75 . 2682493. etal.
• Mancone C, Amicone L, Fimia GM . Proteomic analysis of human very low-density lipoprotein by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF . Proteomics . 7 . 1 . 143–54 . 2007 . 17154273 . 10.1002/pmic.200600339 . 41502305 . etal.
• Lowe JK, Maller JB, Pe'er I . Genome-wide association studies in an isolated founder population from the Pacific Island of Kosrae . PLOS Genet. . 5 . 2 . e1000365 . 2009 . 19197348 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000365 . Gibson . Greg . 2628735 . etal . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928. etal.
• Kamboh MI, Aston CE, Hamman RF . DNA sequence variation in human apolipoprotein C4 gene and its effect on plasma lipid profile . Atherosclerosis . 152 . 1 . 193–201 . 2000 . 10996355 . 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00459-1.
• Klos KL, Sing CF, Boerwinkle E . Consistent effects of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in CARDIA participants . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 26 . 8 . 1828–36 . 2006 . 16763159 . 10.1161/01.ATV.0000231523.19199.45 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241. 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Kotite L, Zhang LH, Yu Z . Human apoC-IV: isolation, characterization, and immunochemical quantification in plasma and plasma lipoproteins . J. Lipid Res. . 44 . 7 . 1387–94 . 2003 . 12700345 . 10.1194/jlr.M300087-JLR200 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein C-IV.
2. Allan CM, Walker D, Segrest JP, Taylor JM . Identification and characterization of a new human gene (APOC4) in the apolipoprotein E, C-I, and C-II gene locus . Genomics . 28 . 2 . 291–300 . July 1995 . 8530039 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1144 .