Apertochrysa Explained

Apertochrysa is a genus of green lacewings in the family Chrysopidae. There are 183 described species in the genus.^[1]

Taxonomy

This genus was originally described in 1990 by Xing-ke Yang and Chi-kun Yang under the name of Navasius. The name was a junior homonym of Navasius Esben-Petersen, 1936, a species of antlion, so a replacement name of Dichochrysa was proposed by Yang in 1991.^[2] However, a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature instead maintained priority of the name Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995, thereby renaming the species previously described under the name of Dichochrysa.^[3] Further taxonomic work in 2021 by Breitkreuz, Duelli, and Oswald synonymized those genera under Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966.^[1]

Distribution

Apertochrysa is a subcosmopolitan genus.^[1] The majority of species are known from the Palearctic region, particularly from the continents of Asia and Africa.^[4]

Species

The following 183 species are currently classified under Apertochrysa:^[1]

• A. abdominalis (Brauer, 1856)
• A. aegyptiaca (Navás, 1915)
• A. afghanica (Hölzel, 1973)
• A. alarconi (Navás, 1915)
• A. albofrontata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. alcestes (Banks, 1911)
• A. alliumolens (Hölzel et al., 1997)
• A. allochroma (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. alviolata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. amseli (Hölzel, 1980)
• A. ancistroidea (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. angustivittata (Dong et al., 2004)
• A. anomala (Tillyard, 1917)
• A. arabica (Hölzel, 1995)
• A. arcuata (Dong et al., 2004)
• A. ariadne (Hölzel, 1978)
• A. aromatica (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
• A. aspersa (Wesmael, 1841)
• A. astur (Banks, 1937)
• A. atrosparsa (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. australis (New, 1980)
• A. barkamana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
• A. baronissa (Navás, 1921)
• A. basuto (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. benedictae (Séméria, 1976)
• A. bibens (Hölzel et al., 1997)
• A. birungana (Navás, 1924)
• A. brachychela (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. budongensis (Hölzel, 2001)
• A. caffer (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. carinata (Dong et al., 2004)
• A. chailensis (Ghosh, 1977)
• A. chaoi (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. chlorella (Navás, 1914)
• A. chloris (Schneider, 1851)
• A. choui (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
• A. clathrata (Schneider, 1845)
• A. cognatella (Okamoto, 1914)
• A. collartina (Navás, 1932)
• A. congolana (Navás, 1911)
• A. cordata (X.-x. Wang & C.-k. Yang, 1992)
• A. cyprina (Navás, 1932)
• A. decaryna (Navás, 1924)
• A. decolor (Navás, 1914)
• A. decolor (Navás, 1936) (unreplaced junior homonym)
• A. deqenana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
• A. derbendica (Hölzel, 1967)
• A. deserta (Navás, 1912)
• A. diaphana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. dubia (Hölzel 1973)
• A. duplicata (Navás, 1934)
• A. edwardsi (Banks, 1940)
• A. epunctata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. eremita (Kimmins, 1955)
• A. estriata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. eumorpha (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. eurydera (Navás, 1910)
• A. fanjingana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1988)
• A. flammefrontata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. flavifrons (Brauer, 1851)
• A. flavinotala (Dong et al., 2004)
• A. flexuosa (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. forcipata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
• A. formosana (Matsumura, 1910)
• A. fortunata (McLachlan, 1882)
• A. fuscineura (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
• A. genei (Rambur, 1842)
• A. gradata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
• A. granadensis (Pictet, 1865)
• A. gravesi (Navás, 1926)
• A. gunvorae (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. hadimensis (Canbulat & Kiyak, 2005)
• A. hainana (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. hamata (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. handschini (Navás, 1929)
• A. healdi (Navás, 1926)
• A. hespera (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. heudei (Navás, 1934)
• A. hospitalis (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
• A. huashanensis (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
• A. hubeiana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
• A. iberica (Navás, 1903)
• A. ifranina (Navás, 1936)
• A. ignea (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. illota (Navás, 1908)
• A. incongrua (Fraser, 1951)
• A. incrassata (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. ingae (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. iniqua (Navás, 1931)
• A. inopinata (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
• A. inornata (Navás, 1901)
• A. irrorella (Navás, 1936)
• A. jiuzhaigouana (X.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
• A. joannisi (Navás, 1910)
• A. karooensis (Hölzel, 1993)
• A. kiangsuensis (Navás, 1934)
• A. kibonotoensis (van der Weele, 1910)
• A. kinnaurensis (Gosh, 1977)
• A. leai (Tillyard, 1917)
• A. lii (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. longwangshana (X.-k. Yang, 1998)
• A. lophophora (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. luaboensis (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. luctuosa (Banks, 1911)
• A. macleodi (Adams and Garland, 1983)
• A. maghrebina (Hölzel & Ohm, 1984)
• A. makrana (Hölzel, 1966)
• A. mangkangensis (Dong et al., 2004)
• A. marchionissa (Navás, 1915)
• A. mauriciana (Hölzel & Ohm, 1991)
• A. mediata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
• A. medogana (C.-k. Yang et al. in Huang et al., 1988)
• A. melanopis (Navás, 1914)
• A. militaris (Hölzel & Ohm, 2000)
• A. mira (Hölzel, 1973)
• A. namibensis (Hölzel, 1993)
• A. nautarum (Tillyard, 1917)
• A. nicolaina (Navás, 1929)
• A. nigra (McLachlan, 1869)
• A. nigricornuta (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. norfolkensis (Tillyard, 1917)
• A. nubilata (Navás, 1910)
• A. nyassalandica (Navás, 1914)
• A. oralis (Navás, 1914)
• A. parabola (Okamoto, 1919)
• A. perfecta (Banks, 1895)
• A. perpallida (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. pervenosa (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. phantosula (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. phlebia (Navas, 1927)
• A. physophlebia (Navas, 1914)
• A. picteti (McLachlan, 1880)
• A. pieli (Navás, 1931)
• A. pilinota (Dong et al., 2004)
• A. prasina (Burmeister, 1839)
• A. pulchrina (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. puncticollis (Banks, 1940)
• A. punctilabris (McLachlan, 1894)
• A. punctithorax (New, 1980)
• A. qingchengshana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
• A. qinlingensis (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
• A. raedarii (Hölzel & Ohm, 2000)
• A. rothschildi (Navás, 1915)
• A. rubicunda (Hölzel, 1993)
• A. rubra (Hölzel et al., 1994)
• A. sana (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. sansibarica (Kolbe, 1897)
• A. selenia (Navás, 1912)
• A. sensitiva (Tjeder, 1940)
• A. setosa (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
• A. sierra (Banks, 1924)
• A. spadix (Hölzel, 1988)
• A. spissinervis (Tjeder, 1966)
• A. subcostalis (McLachlan, 1882)
• A. subcubitalis (Navás, 1901)
• A. subflavifrons (Tjeder, 1949)
• A. sybaritica (McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875)
• A. tacta (Navás, 1921)
• A. teiresias (Hölzel & Ohm, 1982)
• A. triactinata (New, 1980)
• A. triangularis (Adams, 1978)
• A. triangularis (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1994) (unreplaced junior homonym)
• A. tridentata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
• A. truncatata (X.-k. Yang et al. in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
• A. umbrosa (Navás, 1914)
• A. ussuriensis (Makarkin, 1985)
• A. varians (Kimmins, 1959)
• A. venosa (Rambur, 1838)
• A. venosella (Esben-Petersen, 1920)
• A. ventralis (Curtis, 1834)
• A. venusta (Hölzel, 1974)
• A. verna (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
• A. viridifrons (Hölzel & Ohm, 1999)
• A. vitticlypea (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
• A. waitei (Tillyard, 1917)
• A. wangi (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
• A. wuchangana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
• A. xiamenana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
• A. yangi (X.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
• A. yunnana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1994)
• A. yuxianensis (Bian & Li, 1992)
• A. zelleri (Schneider, 1851)
• A. zulu (Tjeder, 1966)

Further reading

• The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). 1990. Brooks . S. J.. Barnard . Peter C.. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 59. 2. 117–286. 0524-6431.
• The biology of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera), with reference to their usage as biocontrol agents: a review. 1975. New . T. R.. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 127. 2. 115–140. 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1975.tb00561.x.
• Species catalog of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of America north of Mexico. 1997. Penny . Norman D.. Adans . Phillip A.. Stange . Lionel A.. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Fourth Series. 50. 39–114.

Notes and References

1. Breitkreuz . Laura . Duelli . Peter . Oswald . John D. . 2021 . Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini) . Zootaxa . 4966 . 2 . 215–225 . 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8. 34186621 . 235505041 .
2. Xingke . Yang . 1994 . The revision on species of genus Dichochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China . Entomotaxonomia . 17 . Suppl . 26–34 . 28 August 2020.
3. Opinion 2254 (Case 3399) Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): generic name not conserved . 2010 . The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature . 67 . 3 . 261–262 . 10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a4. 80717626 .
4. Kang-zhen. Dong . Li Wen-zhu . Cui Jun-zhi . Yang Xing-ke. Three new species of Dichochrysa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with a checkist of Chinese Dichochrysa. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2004. 52. 1. 67–74. 28 August 2020.