Apatodon Explained

Apatodon is a dubious genus of dinosaur that may have been a theropod.^[1] The type, and only species, A. mirus, was named in 1877 by Othniel Charles Marsh. It was found in the Late Jurassic-aged Morrison Formation of Colorado.^[2]

History

When Marsh named Apatodon in 1877, he thought it was a jaw with a tooth from a Mesozoic pig, but it was soon shown that the specimen was an eroded vertebra, from a dinosaur possibly from the Morrison Formation of Garden Park, Colorado.^[3] Baur (1890) correctly identified that Marsh (1877) had misidentified the neural spine as the tooth of a pig-like animal.^[4]

Apatodon was assigned to Iguanodontoidea by Hay in 1902,^[5] to Ornithischia by von Huene in 1909,^[6] to Stegosauridae by von Zittel in 1911,^[7] and to Titanosaurinae by Steel in 1970,^[8] and also Casanovas et al. in 1987.^[9] (Kuhn in 1939 also listed Apatodon as a sauropod).^[10]

The only recovered specimen is not regarded as sufficient to identify a particular species of dinosaur. However, George Olshevsky considered Apatodon to be synonymous with the contemporaneous Allosaurus fragilis.^[11] The issue is now beyond resolution; however, as the type bone fragment has been lost.^[12]

Etymology

The name Apatodon is derived from Greek: απατη ("trick", "deceit") and οδους (genitive οδοντος) ("tooth", in reference to its original, incorrect identification).

Notes and References

1. Essex Institute (2012) "The American Naturalist". Volume 24, Part 1.
2. Monaco, (1988). A short history of dinosaur collecting in the Garden Park fossil area, Canon City, Colorado. Modern Geology. 23, 465-480.
3. Marsh, O. C. (1877). "Notice of some new vertebrate fossils". American Journal of Arts and Sciences. 14, 249-256.
4. Baur, G. (1890). "A review of the charges against the paleontological department of the U.S. Geological Survey and of the defense made by Prof. O.C. Marsh". American Naturalist 24:288-204.
5. O. P. Hay. 1902. Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
6. Huene, F. v. (1909). Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. 1909, 12-22.
7. Zittel, K. A. v. (1911). Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie). II. Abteilung. Vertebrata. Druck und Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, München. 1-598.
8. R. Steel. (1970). Part 14. Saurischia. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1-87
9. Casanovas, Santafé, Sanz and Buscalioni, 1987. Arcosaurios (Crocodilia, Dinosauria) del Cretácico superior de la Conca de Tremp (Lleida, España). Estudios Geológicos, Volumen Extraordinario Galve-Tremp. 95-110.
10. Kuhn, O. (1939). Saurischia. In Fossilium Catalogus I. Animalia. 87. 124 pp.
11. Olshevsky, (1991). "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia". Mesozoic Meanderings, 2: 196 pp.
12. Web site: Non-theropods.