| Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party | |
| Abbreviation: | ALCP |
| Leader: | Maki Herbert and Michael Appleby[1] |
| President: | Steven Wilkinson |
| Seats1 Title: | House of Representatives |
| Foundation: | 30 May 1996 |
| Colours: | Green, black and white |
| Headquarters: | 66 David St, Dunedin |
| Country: | New Zealand |
| Secretary: | Irinka Britnell |
Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party (ALCP), also known as the Cannabis Party,[2] is a political party in New Zealand. It is dedicated to the legalisation of cannabis for medical, recreational and industrial use.[3] It was founded in 1996 and has stood in every general election since, but has never won representation in Parliament. Several of its members have gone on to political success after leaving the party.
See also: Cannabis in New Zealand. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in New Zealand.[4] Its use today is regulated by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, which classes it as either a Class B drug ("Very high risk of harm") or a Class C drug ("moderate risk of harm"), depending on the product or substance. From December 2018, the Misuse of Drugs act was amended allowing for much broader use of medical marijuana, making the drug available to terminally ill patients in the last 12 months of life.[5]
Also in December 2018, the Government announced a non-binding referendum on cannabis for personal use, to be held as part of the 2020 general election,[6] though the final result was against legalisation.[7]
The Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party was founded on 30 May 1996, in Timaru. Michael Appleby led the party from 1996 until standing down in 2013. Currently the ALCP is co-led by Maki Herbert and Michael Appleby, with Steven Wilkinson as its president.[8]
The ALCP has contested all eight general elections held since its founding, as well as all twelve by-elections. The party has never won representation in Parliament.
In 2008, the party invited Dunedin South MP David Benson-Pope to join the ALCP, but he declined, saying, "Their judgement has obviously been impaired by their recreational habits".[9]
The ALCP's policies all relate to cannabis, hemp, or drug education.[10] These include legalising possession, growing and use of cannabis for those over 18, creating a 'medpot' card, taxing companies involved in the cannabis industry, removing the need for a licence to grow hemp, and funding drug education and research.
Two ALCP candidates went on to become Members of Parliament for the Green Party. Nándor Tánczos and Metiria Turei were both ALCP candidates in 1996; Tánczos became a Green MP in 1999 and Turei became a Green MP in 2002. Another ALCP candidate, Tim Shadbolt, has been elected mayor in three places; prior to running for ALCP in 1996 he was mayor of Waitemata from 1983 to 1989 and mayor of Invercargill from 1993 to 1995, and afterwards he became the mayor of Invercargill from 1998 until 2022.
Former president and deputy leader Abe Gray founded Whakamana Cannabis Museum, New Zealand's first and only cannabis museum, and has been a high-profile cannabis activist and protester for decades.[11] [12] Gray is now a member of The Opportunities Party (TOP). TOP's policy on legalising cannabis has been praised by the president of NORML New Zealand, Chris Fowlie.[13]
| General Election | of candidates nominated | of seats won | of party votes | % of party vote | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electorate | List | |||||
| 1996 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 34,398 | 1.66% | |
| 1999 | 11 | 17 | 0 | 22,687 | 1.10% | |
| 2002 | 7 | 12 | 0 | 12,987 | 0.64% | |
| 2005 | 6 | 13 | 0 | 5,748 | 0.25% | |
| 2008 | 8 | 20 | 0 | 9,515 | 0.41% | |
| 2011 | 17 | 28 | 0 | 11,738 | 0.52% | |
| 2014 | 10 | 13 | 0 | 10,961 | 0.46% | |
| 2017 | 6[14] | 14 | 0 | 8,075 | 0.31%[15] | |
| 2020 | 9 | 12[16] | 0 | 13,329 | 0.46%[17] | |
| 2023 | 14 | 16 | 0 | 13,021 | 0.45%[18] | |
The ALCP has nominated candidates for electorate seats in each election. No ALCP candidate has ever won a seat.
The best general election result was in first election in 1996 where it won 1.66% of the party vote. It won 1.10% of the party vote in 1999, but since then the ALCP has not received more than 1% of the party vote in any election.
| By-election | Year | Candidate |
| % of vote | Placing | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taranaki-King Country | 1998 | 393 | 1.94% | 8th | hold | ||
| Te Tai Hauauru | 2004 | 197 | 2.52% | 2nd | gain | ||
| Mount Albert | 2009 | Dakta Green | 92 | 0.44% | 6th | hold | |
| Mana | 2010 | Julian Crawford | 112 | 0.48% | 6th | hold | |
| Botany | 2011 | Leo Biggs | 61 | 0.40% | 6th | hold | |
| Te Tai Tokerau | 2011 | Maki Herbert | 135 | 1.10% | 4th | gain | |
| Ikaroa-Rāwhiti | 2013 | Michael Appleby | 176 | 1.57% | 5th | hold | |
| Christchurch East | 2013 | Paula Lambert | 59 | 0.43% | 6th | hold | |
| Northland | 2015 | Maki Herbert | 94 | 0.32% | 5th | gain | |
| Mount Roskill | 2016 | Brandon Stronge | 84 | 0.48% | 5th | hold | |
| Mount Albert | 2017 | Abe Gray | 97 | 0.71% | 7th | hold | |
| Northcote | 2018 | Jeff Lye | 89 | 0.42% | 6th | hold | |
| Tauranga | 2022 | Christopher Coker | 117 | 0.56% | 7th | hold | |
| Hamilton West | 2022 | Peter Wakeman | 76 | 0.50% | 8th | gain | |
The ALCP has also contested many by-elections. Its most successful result was in the 2004 Te Tai Hauauru by-election. Only the Māori Party, the ALCP, and independents contested this by-election. The ALCP candidate, Dun Mihaka, finished second behind Māori Party leader Tariana Turia, receiving 197 votes (2.52%) to Turia's 7,256 (92.74%).