Anykščiai Explained

Anykščiai
Settlement Type:	City
Pushpin Map:	Lithuania
Pushpin Map Caption:	Location of Anykščiai
Coordinates:	55.5333°N 31°W
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Name:	Lithuania
Subdivision Type1:	Ethnographic region
Subdivision Name1:	Aukštaitija
Subdivision Type2:	County
Subdivision Name2:	Utena County
Subdivision Type3:	Municipality
Subdivision Name3:	Anykščiai district municipality
Subdivision Type4:	Eldership
Subdivision Name4:	Anykščiai eldership
Subdivision Type6:	Capital of
Subdivision Name6:	Anykščiai district municipality Anykščiai eldership
Established Date:	1442
Established Title:	First mentioned
Established Date2:	1516
Established Title2:	Granted city rights
Population Total:	8,495
Population As Of:	2021
Timezone:	EET
Utc Offset:	+2
Timezone Dst:	EEST
Utc Offset Dst:	+3

Anykščiai (; German: Onikschten; see other names) is a ski resort city in Lithuania, 20miles west of Utena.^[1] The Roman Catholic Church of St. Matthias in Anykščiai is the tallest church in Lithuania, with spires measuring 79m (259feet) in height. Anykščiai has a resort status in Lithuania and is a popular destination of domestic tourism.

Name

The name of the city is believed to be derived from the Lithuanian hydronym Anykšta.^[2] Its name in other languages includes Polish: Onikszty; Russian: Они́кшты|translit=Onikshty; Belarusian: Ані́кшты|translit=Anikshty; Yiddish: אַניקשט|translit=Aniksht; German: Onikschten.

History

Archeological research in the area has revealed settlements dating from the late Neolithic.

Anykščiai was first mentioned on 7 November 1442 as a possession of Grand Duke of Lithuania Kazimieras Jogailaitis.^[3]

Its location on the Šventoji River, connecting it to the Baltic Sea via the Neris River and Nemunas River, contributed to its development. It also lay on a land route between the cities of Vilnius and Riga. Its strategic importance led to frequent assaults by the Teutonic Order. The first written mention of the town dates to 1442; its first appearance on a map is dated tentatively to about 1578.^[4]

Anykščiai is a place where many Lithuanian poets and writers originated - Antanas Vienuolis, Antanas Baranauskas, Jonas Biliūnas. It is called Weimar of Lithuania for that reason. There are about 250 culturally and historically important places in Anykščiai and Anykščiai district - Anykščių šilelis, to which the poem The Forest of Anykščiai of A.Baranauskas was dedicated, Puntukas boulder, the Beacon of Happiness monument, canopy walkway, horse museum, manors and old Lithuanian fort hills shrouded in mystery and legends.

Prior to Lithuania re-establishing its independence after World War I, Anykščiai was part of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire. A shtetl existed within the town, with a Jewish population of 2,754 in 1900.^[5]

Wool processing facilities, a winery, and Lithuanian and Jewish schools were established after World War I, when its population reached about 4,000. During World War II, its bridges and city center were destroyed. In summer 1941, two mass executions of the local Jewish population occurred. Around 1,500 Jews were murdered by German Nazis and their local collaborators.^[6]

After the Soviet occupation, Anykščiai became a center of Aukštaitija partisans. Anykščiai district was the only one in Lithuania which belonged to 5 partisan military districts (apygarda) - Algimantas, Didžiosios Kovos, Vytis, Vytautas and to a third district of Northern Lithuania - Aukštaitija by the Lithuanian Liberty Army. In 2014 in Šimonių giria (The Šimoniai Forest) a cognitive route was created which leads through the places of the Algimantas military district partisan paths and places.^[7]