Antwerp (Chamber of Representatives constituency) explained

Antwerp
Nativename:	Dutch; Flemish: Antwerpen French: Anvers German: Antwerpen
Constituency Type:	Constituency
Parl Name:	Chamber of Representatives
Map4:	Provincie Antwerpen in Belgium.svg
Map Size:	150px
Map Entity:	Belgium
District Label:	Province
District:	Antwerp
Region Label:	Region
Region:	Flanders
Population:	1,910,952 (2023)^[1]
Electorate:	1,341,450 (2019)
Area:	2,876 km^2 (2023)^[2]
Year:	2003
Seats:	24 (2003–present)
Members Label:	Members^[3]

Antwerp (Dutch; Flemish: Antwerpen; French: Anvers; German: Antwerpen) is one of the 11 multi-member constituencies of the Chamber of Representatives, the lower house of the Belgian Federal Parliament, the national legislature of Belgium. The constituency was established in 2003 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Belgium along provincial lines. It is conterminous with the province of Antwerp. The constituency currently elects 24 of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 federal election the constituency had 1,341,450 registered electors.

Electoral system

Antwerp currently elects 24 of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.^{[4] [5]} Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.^{[6] [7]} Only parties that reach the 5% threshold in the constituency compete for seats.^{[8] [9]}

Election results

Summary

Election	valign=bottom colspan=3	Workers PVDA !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Groen Groen / Agalev !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Vooruit Vooruit / SP.A / SP.A-Spirit !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Liberals & Democrats Open Vld / VLD !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Christian Democrats CD&V !	valign=bottom colspan=3	New Flemish N-VA / CD&V-N-VA !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Vlaams Belang VB / VB
colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3
Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	125,257	10.52%	2	90,370	7.59%	2	129,973	10.74%	3	70,890	5.95%	1	125,894	10.57%	3	368,877	30.97%	8	249,826	20.97%	5
	88,430	7.65%	2	127,131	11.00%	2	93,114	8.05%	2	111,505	9.64%	2	128,036	11.07%	3	361,022	31.23%	8	217,333	18.80%	5
	51,638	4.52%	0	112,477	9.85%	2	132,096	11.57%	3	116,892	10.24%	2	183,636	16.09%	4	449,531	39.38%	11	79,852	7.00%	2
	22,132	2.02%	0	84,314	7.69%	2	156,976	14.32%	3	120,935	11.03%	3	170,260	15.53%	4	336,631	30.71%	8	177,012	16.15%	4
	14,955	1.34%	0	76,790	6.87%	1	184,686	16.51%	4	179,089	16.01%	4				327,558	29.28%	8	269,236	24.07%	6
	10,059	0.90%	0	50,366	4.50%	0	243,879	21.80%	6	243,623	21.77%	6	220,127	19.67%	5	49,028	4.38%	0	269,523	24.09%	7

(Figures in italics represent alliances.)

Detailed

2019

Results of the 2019 federal election held on 26 May 2019:^{[10] [11] [12]}

Party	Votes per arrondissement				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Antwerp !	align=center valign=bottom width="60"	Mech -elen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Turn -hout !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Expat -riates
		N-VA	206,322	67,482	86,512	706	361,022	31.23%	8
		VB	103,564	44,912	68,642	215	217,333	18.80%	5
		CD&V	49,339	31,143	47,335	219	128,036	11.07%	3
		Groen	77,781	26,315	22,426	609	127,131	11.00%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"	Open Vld	56,573	28,291	26,038	603	111,505	9.64%	2
		SP.A	49,166	19,653	24,085	210	93,114	8.05%	2
		PVDA	54,929	16,527	16,857	117	88,430	7.65%	2
			7,263	2,955	3,299	27	13,544	1.17%	0
			4,215	1,653	1,644	9	7,521	0.65%	0
	Democratic Solidarity Appeal	D-SA	2,956	306	339	4	3,605	0.31%	0
	Peace and Solidarity Party	PV&S	2,664	267	280	6	3,217	0.28%	0
			881	459	314	15	1,669	0.14%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	615,653	239,963	297,771	2,740	1,156,127	100.00%	24
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	20,078	10,107	13,883	119	44,187	3.68%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	635,731	250,070	311,654	2,859	1,200,314	89.48%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	717,565	279,120	340,829	3,936	1,341,450
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	88.60%	89.59%	91.44%	72.64%	89.48%

The following candidates were elected:^[12] Jan Bertels (SP.A), 9,995 votes; Kim Buyst (Groen), 12,302 votes; Kristof Calvo (Groen), 39,216 votes; Greet Daems (PVDA), 7,268 votes; Peter De Roover, (N-VA), 26,609 votes; Sophie De Wit, (N-VA), 19,218 votes; Marijke Dillen (VB), 8,645 votes; Michael Freilich, (N-VA), 12,829 votes; Jan Jambon (N-VA), 187,826 votes; Yasmine Kherbache (SP.A), 26,901 votes; Nahima Lanjri (CD&V), 14,380 votes; Christian Leysen (Open Vld), 22,725 votes; Peter Mertens (PVDA), 46,802 votes; Koen Metsu, (N-VA), 24,017 votes; Ellen Samyn (VB), 12,106 votes; Yoleen Van Camp, (N-VA), 21,202 votes; Jef Van den Bergh (CD&V), 12,172 votes; Tom Van Grieken (VB), 122,232 votes; Reccino Van Lommel (VB), 8,051 votes; Valerie Van Peel (N-VA), 41,320 votes; Marianne Verhaert (Open Vld), 11,082 votes; Servais Verherstraeten (CD&V), 36,464 votes; Hans Verreyt (VB), 8,043 votes; and Bert Wollants, (N-VA), 15,603 votes.

Substitutions:^[13]

• Jan Jambon (N-VA) resigned on 3 October 2019 after he was appointed Minister-President of Flanders and was substituted by Wim Van der Donckt (N-VA).
• Yasmine Kherbache (SP.A) resigned on 17 December 2019 and was substituted by Ben Segers (SP.A) on 19 December 2019.
• Jan Bertels (SP.A) resigned on 1 November 2020 and was substituted by Gitta Vanpeborgh (SP.A) on 12 November 2020.

2014

Results of the 2014 federal election held on 25 May 2014:^{[14] [15] [16]}

Party	Votes per arrondissement				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Antwerp !	align=center valign=bottom width="60"	Mech -elen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Turn -hout !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Expat -riates
		N-VA	245,552	87,182	116,251	546	449,531	39.38%	11
		CD&V	75,459	41,105	66,853	219	183,636	16.09%	4
		SP.A	75,006	28,045	28,848	197	132,096	11.57%	3
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"	Open Vld	59,809	28,198	28,432	453	116,892	10.24%	2
		Groen	68,317	21,797	22,042	321	112,477	9.85%	2
		VB	44,479	15,368	19,904	101	79,852	7.00%	2
		PVDA	35,347	8,082	8,152	57	51,638	4.52%	0
			6,079	2,344	2,688	25	11,136	0.98%	0
			1,348	605	1,025	6	2,984	0.26%	0
		BUB	677	248	355	19	1,299	0.11%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	612,073	232,974	294,550	1,944	1,141,541	100.00%	24
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	22,371	10,215	14,917	135	47,638	4.01%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	634,444	243,189	309,467	2,079	1,189,179	90.02%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	712,716	268,951	336,643	2,743	1,321,053
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	89.02%	90.42%	91.93%	75.79%	90.02%

The following candidates were elected:^[16] Meyrem Almaci (Groen), 44,150 votes; Rita Bellens (N-VA), 9,546 votes; Kristof Calvo (Groen), 13,409 votes; Monica De Coninck (SP.A), 35,441 votes; Zuhal Demir (N-VA), 19,473 votes; Peter De Roover, (N-VA), 16,717 votes; Maya Detiège (SP.A), 19,111 votes; Bart De Wever (N-VA), 314,650 votes; Filip Dewinter (VB), 43,157 votes; Sophie De Wit, (N-VA), 16,660 votes; Marijke Dillen (VB), 5,379 votes; David Geerts (SP.A), 9,497 votes; Jan Jambon (N-VA), 29,616 votes; Nahima Lanjri (CD&V), 19,614 votes; Koen Metsu, (N-VA), 10,971 votes; Griet Smaers (CD&V), 15,879 votes; Annemie Turtelboom (Open Vld), 44,959 votes; Yoleen Van Camp, (N-VA), 11,221 votes; Jef Van den Bergh (CD&V), 16,545 votes; Robert Van de Velde (N-VA), 10,208 votes; Dirk Van Mechelen (Open Vld), 16,161 votes; Valerie Van Peel (N-VA), 13,322 votes; Servais Verherstraeten (CD&V), 51,202 votes; and Bert Wollants, (N-VA), 10,487 votes.

Substitutions:^[17]

• Marijke Dillen (VB) resigned on 16 June 2014 and was substituted by Jan Penris (VB) on 19 June 2014.
• Jan Jambon (N-VA) was appointed to the federal government and was substituted by Johan Klaps (N-VA) on 14 October 2014.

2010

Results of the 2010 federal election held on 13 June 2010:^{[18] [19] [20]}

Party	Votes per arrondissement				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Antwerp !	align=center valign=bottom width="60"	Mech -elen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Turn -hout !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Expat -riates
		N-VA	182,127	62,964	91,264	276	336,631	30.71%	8
		VB	102,441	32,010	42,430	131	177,012	16.15%	4
		CD&V	70,897	39,432	59,771	160	170,260	15.53%	4
		SP.A	89,522	32,204	35,092	158	156,976	14.32%	3
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"	Open Vld	66,268	27,420	26,996	251	120,935	11.03%	3
		Groen	52,371	15,774	15,961	208	84,314	7.69%	2
		LDD	11,443	5,626	7,991	21	25,081	2.29%	0
		PVDA	15,716	2,893	3,504	19	22,132	2.02%	0
		LSP	1,568	596	667	10	2,841	0.26%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	592,353	218,919	283,676	1,234	1,096,182	100.00%	24
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	22,962	10,526	18,161	31	51,680	4.50%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	615,315	229,445	301,837	1,265	1,147,862	89.63%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	699,109	252,801	327,409	1,410	1,280,729
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	88.01%	90.76%	92.19%	89.72%	89.63%

The following candidates were elected:^[20] Meyrem Almaci (Groen), 25,100 votes; Gerolf Annemans (VB), 56,226 votes; Kristof Calvo (Groen), 4,767 votes; Alexandra Colen (VB), 6,806 votes; Rita De Bont (VB), 9,870 votes; Zuhal Demir (N-VA), 10,248 votes; Minneke De Ridder (N-VA), 9,404 votes; Maya Detiège (SP.A), 18,901 votes; Sophie De Wit, (N-VA), 26,918 votes; Caroline Gennez (SP.A), 41,284 votes; Jan Jambon (N-VA), 61,100 votes; Patrick Janssens (SP.A), 32,104 votes; Nahima Lanjri (CD&V), 11,952 votes; Willem-Frederik Schiltz (Open Vld), 8,686 votes; Bart Somers (Open Vld), 18,030 votes; Annemie Turtelboom (Open Vld), 35,861 votes; Bruno Valkeniers (VB), 14,378 votes; Jef Van den Bergh (CD&V), 13,092 votes; Kris Van Dijck (N-VA), 15,607 votes; Jan Van Esbroeck (N-VA), 6,527 votes; Reinilde Van Moer (N-VA), 8,956 votes; Flor Van Noppen (N-VA), 21,635 votes; Servais Verherstraeten (CD&V), 22,353 votes; and Inge Vervotte (CD&V), 78,951 votes.

Substitutions:^[21]

• Patrick Janssens (SP.A) resigned on 28 June 2010 and was substituted by David Geerts (SP.A) on 6 July 2010.
• Kris Van Dijck (N-VA) resigned on 30 June 2010 and was substituted by Bert Wollants (N-VA) on 6 July 2010.
• Servais Verherstraeten (CD&V) was appointed to the federal government and was substituted by Kristof Waterschoot (CD&V) between 7 December 2011 and 9 January 2013; and by Nik Van Gool (CD&V) from 10 January 2013.
• Annemie Turtelboom (Open Vld) was appointed to the federal government and was substituted by Frank Wilrycx (Open Vld) on 7 December 2011.
• Inge Vervotte (CD&V) resigned on 2 January 2013 and was substituted by Kristof Waterschoot (CD&V).

2007

Results of the 2007 federal election held on 10 June 2007:^{[22] [23]}

Party	Votes per arrondissement				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Antwerp !	align=center valign=bottom width="60"	Mech -elen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Turn -hout !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Expat -riates
		CD&V-N-VA	145,073	68,756	113,478	251	327,558	29.28%	8
		VB	161,923	50,329	56,701	283	269,236	24.07%	6
		SP.A-Spirit	111,376	35,282	37,835	193	184,686	16.51%	4
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"	Open Vld	98,925	40,013	39,599	552	179,089	16.01%	4
		Groen	46,147	14,145	16,270	228	76,790	6.87%	1
		LDD	30,004	13,940	16,586	40	60,570	5.42%	1
		PVDA	10,356	2,072	2,499	28	14,955	1.34%	0
		CAP	2,233	810	1,008	8	4,059	0.36%	0
	New Party	NP-FN	867	361	372	5	1,605	0.14%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	606,904	225,708	284,348	1,588	1,118,548	100.00%	24
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	21,035	8,959	16,212	97	46,303	3.98%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	627,939	234,667	300,560	1,685	1,164,851	91.38%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	695,221	256,435	320,938	2,127	1,274,721
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	90.32%	91.51%	93.65%	79.22%	91.38%

The following candidates were elected:^[23] Meyrem Almaci (Groen), 14,628 votes; Gerolf Annemans (VB), 88,154 votes; Yolande Avontroodt (Open Vld), 13,517 votes; Alexandra Colen (VB), 20,450 votes; Rita De Bont (VB), 10,852 votes; Mia De Schamphelaere (CD&V-N-VA), 18,783 votes; Maya Detiège (SP.A-Spirit), 24,767 votes; Bart De Wever (CD&V-N-VA), 41,962 votes; Marijke Dillen (VB), 13,814 votes; Patrick Janssens (SP.A-Spirit), 37,626 votes; Jan Mortelmans (VB), 10,342 votes; Jan Peeters (SP.A-Spirit), 13,966 votes; Kris Peeters (CD&V-N-VA), 39,754 votes; Willem-Frederik Schiltz (Open Vld), 7,766 votes; Bart Somers (Open Vld), 41,974 votes; Bruno Valkeniers (VB), 14,897 votes; Christine Van Broeckhoven (SP.A-Spirit), 26,194 votes; Ludo Van Campenhout (Open Vld), 12,802 votes; Jef Van den Bergh (CD&V-N-VA), 16,749 votes; Flor Van Noppen (CD&V-N-VA), 19,268 votes; Mark Verhaegen (CD&V-N-VA), 18,721 votes; Servais Verherstraeten (CD&V-N-VA), 25,610 votes; Jurgen Verstrepen (LDD), 15,782 votes; and Inge Vervotte (CD&V-N-VA), 133,830 votes.

Substitutions:^[24]

• Marijke Dillen (VB) resigned on 19 June 2007 and was substituted by Luc Sevenhans (VB).
• Kris Peeters (CD&V-N-VA) resigned on 25 June 2007 and was substituted by Jan Jambon (CD&V-N-VA).
• Patrick Janssens (SP.A-Spirit) resigned on 26 June 2007 and was substituted by David Geerts (SP.A-Spirit).
• Jurgen Verstrepen (LDD) resigned on 27 June 2007 and was substituted by Rob Van de Velde (LDD).
• Bart De Wever (CD&V-N-VA) resigned on 30 June 2009 and was substituted by Kristof Waterschoot (CD&V-N-VA) on 2 July 2009.
• Inge Vervotte (CD&V-N-VA) was appointed to the federal government and was substituted by Luc Peetermans (CD&V-N-VA) on 27 November 2009.

2003

Results of the 2003 federal election held on 18 May 2003:^{[25] [26]}

Party	Votes per arrondissement				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Antwerp !	align=center valign=bottom width="60"	Mech -elen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Turn -hout !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Expat -riates
		VB	167,518	49,021	52,637	347	269,523	24.09%	7
		SP.A-Spirit	134,999	45,687	62,979	214	243,879	21.80%	6
		VLD	132,617	50,372	60,063	571	243,623	21.77%	6
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		CD&V	92,696	50,901	76,319	211	220,127	19.67%	5
		Agalev	29,717	9,630	10,842	177	50,366	4.50%	0
		N-VA	25,893	9,886	13,194	55	49,028	4.38%	0
		Vivant	9,999	2,739	3,341	19	16,098	1.44%	0
		LA	9,541	2,279	1,699	69	13,588	1.21%	0
		PVDA-AEL	8,010	1,273	756	20	10,059	0.90%	0
		BUB	1,504	563	538	19	2,624	0.23%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	612,494	222,351	282,368	1,702	1,118,915	100.00%	24
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	18,221	8,540	12,755	137	39,653	3.42%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	630,715	230,891	295,123	1,839	1,158,568	92.43%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	689,533	249,739	312,063	2,106	1,253,441
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	91.47%	92.45%	94.57%	87.32%	92.43%

The following candidates were elected:^[27] Gerolf Annemans (VB), 76,829 votes; Jos Ansoms (CD&V), 21,919 votes; Yolande Avontroodt (VLD), 15,735 votes; Nancy Caslo] (VB), 6,270 votes; Alexandra Colen (VB), 18,313 votes; Filip Dewinter (VB), 77,891 votes; Margriet Hermans (VLD), 20,723 votes; Patrick Janssens (SP.A-Spirit), 89,011 votes; Nahima Lanjri (CD&V), 12,303 votes; Claude Marinower (VLD), 7,899 votes; Jan Mortelmans (VB), 7,705 votes; Staf Neel (VB), 7,122 votes; Jan Peeters (SP.A-Spirit), 15,500 votes; Bart Somers (VLD), 57,812 votes; Guido Tastenhoye (VB), 6,650 votes; Anissa Temsaman (SP.A-Spirit), 9,705 votes; Kathleen Van Brempt (SP.A-Spirit), 11,577 votes; Ludo Van Campenhout (VLD), 18,599 votes; Greet van Gool (SP.A-Spirit), 12,915 votes; Marleen Vanderpoorten (VLD), 18,402 votes; Els Van Weert (SP.A-Spirit), 19,266 votes; Mark Verhaegen (CD&V), 15,942 votes; Servais Verherstraeten (CD&V), 20,976 votes; and Inge Vervotte (CD&V), 93,030 votes.

Substitutions:^[28]

• Filip Dewinter (VB) resigned on 19 May 2003 and was substituted by Luc Sevenhans (VB).
• Margriet Hermans (VLD) resigned on 23 May 2003 and was substituted by Martine Taelman (VLD).
• Marleen Vanderpoorten (VLD) resigned on 26 May 2003 and was substituted by Fons Borginon (VLD).
• Kathleen Van Brempt (SP.A-Spirit) resigned on 3 June 2003 and was substituted by Maya Detiège (SP.A-Spirit).
• Bart Somers (VLD) resigned on 26 June 2003 after he was appointed Minister-President of Flanders and was substituted by Annemie Turtelboom (VLD).^[29]
• Anissa Temsaman (SP.A-Spirit) was appointed to the federal government and was substituted by Koen T'Sijen (SP.A-Spirit) between 14 July 2003 and 25 September 2003.
• Els Van Weert (SP.A-Spirit) resigned on 5 July 2004 and was substituted by Koen T'Sijen (SP.A-Spirit) on 8 July 2004.
• Patrick Janssens (SP.A-Spirit) resigned on 6 July 2004 and was substituted by David Geerts (SP.A-Spirit) on 8 July 2004.
• Anissa Temsaman (SP.A-Spirit) resigned on 6 July 2004 and was substituted by Inga Verhaert (SP.A-Spirit) on 8 July 2004.
• Inge Vervotte (CD&V) resigned on 6 July 2004 and was substituted by Jef Van den Bergh (CD&V) on 8 July 2004.
• Jos Ansoms (CD&V) resigned on 13 January 2005 and was substituted by Katrien Schryvers (CD&V) on the same day.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Population by place of residence, nationality (Belgian/non-Belgian), marital status, age and gender . . 30 May 2024 . Brussels, Belgium.
2. Web site: Land use according to the land register . . 30 May 2024 . Brussels, Belgium.
3. Web site: DOC 55 0001/015 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers . . 4 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . 3-4 . 24 October 2023 . nl.
4. Web site: Election for Belgian Chamber of Representatives . Election Guide . . 5 September 2022 . Arlington, U.S.A..
5. Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Belgium . . 5 September 2022 . Strasbourg, France.
6. Web site: Belgium: Chambre des Représentants (House of Representatives) . PARLINE database on national parliaments . . 5 September 2022 . Geneva, Switzerland.
7. Web site: Telling, verdeling van de zetels en aanwijzing van de verkozenen - Kamer voor Volksvertegenwoordigers . Directie van de Verkiezingen . . 5 September 2022 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
8. News: Elections 2019: The 5% electoral threshold . 5 September 2022 . . 8 May 2019 . Brussels, Belgium.
9. Web site: Parliamentary information sheets: N° 09.00 The House of Representatives - Election . . 5 September 2022 . Brussels, Belgium . 1 . 1 August 2019.
10. Web site: Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 26 mei 2019 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kanton . Verkiezingen . . 18 August 2022 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
11. Web site: Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 26 mei 2019 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton . Verkiezingen . . 2 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
12. Web site: Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 26 mei 2019 - Kieskring Antwerpen . Verkiezingsuitslagen . . 4 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
13. Web site: DOC 55 0001/015 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers . . 1 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . 3-4 . 24 October 2023 . nl.
14. Web site: Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 25 mei 2014 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kanton . Verkiezingen . . 19 August 2022 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
15. Web site: Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 25 mei 2014 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton . Verkiezingen . . 2 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
16. Web site: Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 25 mei 2014 - Kieskring Antwerpen . Verkiezingsuitslagen . . 31 May 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
17. Web site: DOC 54 0001/03 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers . . 1 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . 3-4 . 24 August 2016 . nl.
18. Web site: Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 13 juni 2010 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kieskring en per kanton . Verkiezingen . . 19 August 2022 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
19. Web site: Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 13 juni 2010 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton . Verkiezingen . . 19 August 2022 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
20. Web site: Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 13 juni 2010 - Kieskring Antwerpen . Verkiezingsuitslagen . . 31 May 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
21. Web site: DOC 53 0001/004 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers . . 1 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . 2-3 . 25 April 2014 . nl.
22. Book: Parlementsverkiezingen van 10 juni 2007: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers . . Brussels, Belgium . 11 . 30 May 2024 . nl.
23. Web site: Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 10 juni 2007 - Kieskring Antwerpen . Verkiezingsuitslagen . . 31 May 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
24. Web site: DOC 52 0001/008 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers . . 1 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . 2-3 . 27 November 2009 . nl.
25. Book: Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers . . Brussels, Belgium . 11 . 30 May 2024 . nl.
26. Web site: Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 18 mei 2003 - Antwerpen . Verkiezingsuitslagen . . 31 May 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . nl.
27. Book: Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers . . Brussels, Belgium . 57-85 . 30 May 2024 . nl.
28. Web site: DOC 51 0001/005 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers . . 1 June 2024 . Brussels, Belgium . 2-3 . 30 April 2006 . nl.
29. Book: Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers . . Brussels, Belgium . 441-445 . 30 May 2024 . nl.